commit 32ee3a6d2632f684c7a6656b2412763eee494a61
Author: Mae PUGIN <48982737+mornepousse@users.noreply.github.com>
Date:   Mon Apr 6 20:40:34 2026 +0200

    feat: Complete KeSp Controller — Slint UI port
    
    Full port of the KaSe/KeSp split keyboard configurator from egui to Slint:
    - 6 tabs: Keymap, Advanced, Macros, Stats, Settings, Flash
    - Responsive keyboard view with scale-to-fit and key rotations
    - Key selector popup with categorized grid, MT/LT builders, hex input
    - Combo key picker with inline keyboard visual
    - Macro step builder with visual tags
    - Serial communication via background threads + mpsc polling
    - Heatmap overlay with blue-yellow-red gradient
    - OTA flasher with prog port VID filtering and partition selector
    - WPM polling, Tamagotchi, Autoshift controls
    - Dracula theme matching egui version
    
    Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

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+                    "Keycap": {
+                      "Column": 8,
+                      "Row": 4,
+                      "Margin": "95,245,0,0",
+                      "RenderTransform": { "RotateTransform": { "Angle": -20 } }
+                    }
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "Keycap": {
+                      "Column": 9,
+                      "Row": 4,
+                      "Margin": "145,230,0,0",
+                      "RenderTransform": { "RotateTransform": { "Angle": -10 } }
+                    }
+                  },
+                  { "Keycap": { "Column": 10, "Row": 4, "Width": 60, "Margin": "200,228,0,0" } },
+                  {
+                    "Line": {
+                      "Orientation": "Horizontal",
+                      "Children": [
+                        {
+                          "Keycap": {
+                            "Column": 6,
+                            "Row": 2,
+                            "Margin": "0,170,-8,0",
+                            "RenderTransform": { "RotateTransform": { "Angle": -10 } }
+                          }
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "Line": {
+                            "Margin": "0,38,0,0",
+                            "RenderTransform": { "RotateTransform": { "Angle": -10 } },
+                            "Children": [
+                              { "Keycap": { "Column": 7, "Row": 0 } },
+                              { "Keycap": { "Column": 7, "Row": 1 } },
+                              { "Keycap": { "Column": 7, "Row": 2 } },
+                              { "Keycap": { "Column": 7, "Row": 3 } }
+                            ]
+                          }
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "Line": {
+                            "Margin": "0,25,0,0",
+                            "RenderTransform": { "RotateTransform": { "Angle": -10 } },
+                            "Children": [
+                              { "Keycap": { "Column": 8, "Row": 0 } },
+                              { "Keycap": { "Column": 8, "Row": 1 } },
+                              { "Keycap": { "Column": 8, "Row": 2 } },
+                              { "Keycap": { "Column": 8, "Row": 3 } }
+                            ]
+                          }
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "Line": {
+                            "Margin": "0,5,10,0",
+                            "RenderTransform": { "RotateTransform": { "Angle": -10 } },
+                            "Children": [
+                              { "Keycap": { "Column": 9, "Row": 0 } },
+                              { "Keycap": { "Column": 9, "Row": 1 } },
+                              { "Keycap": { "Column": 9, "Row": 2 } },
+                              { "Keycap": { "Column": 9, "Row": 3 } }
+                            ]
+                          }
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "Line": {
+                            "Margin": "0,25,8,0",
+                            "RenderTransform": { "RotateTransform": { "Angle": -5 } },
+                            "Children": [
+                              { "Keycap": { "Column": 10, "Row": 0 } },
+                              { "Keycap": { "Column": 10, "Row": 1 } },
+                              { "Keycap": { "Column": 10, "Row": 2 } },
+                              { "Keycap": { "Column": 10, "Row": 3 } }
+                            ]
+                          }
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "Line": {
+                            "Children": [
+                              { "Keycap": { "Column": 11, "Row": 4 } },
+                              { "Keycap": { "Column": 11, "Row": 0 } },
+                              { "Keycap": { "Column": 11, "Row": 1 } },
+                              { "Keycap": { "Column": 11, "Row": 2 } },
+                              { "Keycap": { "Column": 11, "Row": 3 } }
+                              
+                            ]
+                          }
+                        },
+                        {
+                          "Line": {
+                            "Children": [
+                              { "Keycap": { "Column": 12, "Row": 4 } },
+                              { "Keycap": { "Column": 12, "Row": 0 } },
+                              { "Keycap": { "Column": 12, "Row": 1 } },
+                              { "Keycap": { "Column": 12, "Row": 2 } },
+                              { "Keycap": { "Column": 12, "Row": 3 } }
+                              
+                            ]
+                          }
+                        }
+                      ]
+                    }
+                  }
+                ]
+              }
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/original-src/binary_protocol.rs b/original-src/binary_protocol.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fa34b85
--- /dev/null
+++ b/original-src/binary_protocol.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,259 @@
+/// KaSe Binary CDC Protocol v2
+/// Frame: KS(2) + cmd(1) + len(2 LE) + payload(N) + crc8(1)
+/// Response: KR(2) + cmd(1) + status(1) + len(2 LE) + payload(N) + crc8(1)
+
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+pub mod cmd {
+    // System
+    pub const VERSION: u8 = 0x01;
+    pub const FEATURES: u8 = 0x02;
+    pub const DFU: u8 = 0x03;
+    pub const PING: u8 = 0x04;
+
+    // Keymap
+    pub const SETLAYER: u8 = 0x10;
+    pub const SETKEY: u8 = 0x11;
+    pub const KEYMAP_CURRENT: u8 = 0x12;
+    pub const KEYMAP_GET: u8 = 0x13;
+    pub const LAYER_INDEX: u8 = 0x14;
+    pub const LAYER_NAME: u8 = 0x15;
+
+    // Layout
+    pub const SET_LAYOUT_NAME: u8 = 0x20;
+    pub const LIST_LAYOUTS: u8 = 0x21;
+    pub const GET_LAYOUT_JSON: u8 = 0x22;
+
+    // Macros
+    pub const LIST_MACROS: u8 = 0x30;
+    pub const MACRO_ADD: u8 = 0x31;
+    pub const MACRO_ADD_SEQ: u8 = 0x32;
+    pub const MACRO_DELETE: u8 = 0x33;
+
+    // Statistics
+    pub const KEYSTATS_BIN: u8 = 0x40;
+    pub const KEYSTATS_RESET: u8 = 0x42;
+    pub const BIGRAMS_BIN: u8 = 0x43;
+    pub const BIGRAMS_RESET: u8 = 0x45;
+
+    // Tap Dance
+    pub const TD_SET: u8 = 0x50;
+    pub const TD_LIST: u8 = 0x51;
+    pub const TD_DELETE: u8 = 0x52;
+
+    // Combos
+    pub const COMBO_SET: u8 = 0x60;
+    pub const COMBO_LIST: u8 = 0x61;
+    pub const COMBO_DELETE: u8 = 0x62;
+
+    // Leader
+    pub const LEADER_SET: u8 = 0x70;
+    pub const LEADER_LIST: u8 = 0x71;
+    pub const LEADER_DELETE: u8 = 0x72;
+
+    // Bluetooth
+    pub const BT_QUERY: u8 = 0x80;
+    pub const BT_SWITCH: u8 = 0x81;
+    pub const BT_PAIR: u8 = 0x82;
+    pub const BT_DISCONNECT: u8 = 0x83;
+    pub const BT_NEXT: u8 = 0x84;
+    pub const BT_PREV: u8 = 0x85;
+
+    // Features
+    pub const AUTOSHIFT_TOGGLE: u8 = 0x90;
+    pub const KO_SET: u8 = 0x91;
+    pub const KO_LIST: u8 = 0x92;
+    pub const KO_DELETE: u8 = 0x93;
+    pub const WPM_QUERY: u8 = 0x94;
+    pub const TRILAYER_SET: u8 = 0x94;
+
+    // Tamagotchi
+    pub const TAMA_QUERY: u8 = 0xA0;
+    pub const TAMA_ENABLE: u8 = 0xA1;
+    pub const TAMA_DISABLE: u8 = 0xA2;
+    pub const TAMA_FEED: u8 = 0xA3;
+    pub const TAMA_PLAY: u8 = 0xA4;
+    pub const TAMA_SLEEP: u8 = 0xA5;
+    pub const TAMA_MEDICINE: u8 = 0xA6;
+    pub const TAMA_SAVE: u8 = 0xA7;
+
+    // OTA
+    pub const OTA_START: u8 = 0xF0;
+    pub const OTA_DATA: u8 = 0xF1;
+    pub const OTA_ABORT: u8 = 0xF2;
+}
+
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+pub mod status {
+    pub const OK: u8 = 0x00;
+    pub const ERR_UNKNOWN: u8 = 0x01;
+    pub const ERR_CRC: u8 = 0x02;
+    pub const ERR_INVALID: u8 = 0x03;
+    pub const ERR_RANGE: u8 = 0x04;
+    pub const ERR_BUSY: u8 = 0x05;
+    pub const ERR_OVERFLOW: u8 = 0x06;
+}
+
+/// CRC-8/MAXIM (polynomial 0x31, init 0x00)
+pub fn crc8(data: &[u8]) -> u8 {
+    let mut crc: u8 = 0x00;
+    for &b in data {
+        crc ^= b;
+        for _ in 0..8 {
+            crc = if crc & 0x80 != 0 {
+                (crc << 1) ^ 0x31
+            } else {
+                crc << 1
+            };
+        }
+    }
+    crc
+}
+
+/// Build a KS request frame.
+pub fn ks_frame(cmd_id: u8, payload: &[u8]) -> Vec<u8> {
+    let len = payload.len() as u16;
+    let mut frame = Vec::with_capacity(6 + payload.len());
+    frame.push(0x4B); // 'K'
+    frame.push(0x53); // 'S'
+    frame.push(cmd_id);
+    frame.push((len & 0xFF) as u8);
+    frame.push((len >> 8) as u8);
+    frame.extend_from_slice(payload);
+    frame.push(crc8(payload));
+    frame
+}
+
+/// Build MACRO_ADD_SEQ payload: [slot][name_len][name...][step_count][{kc,mod}...]
+pub fn macro_add_seq_payload(slot: u8, name: &str, steps_hex: &str) -> Vec<u8> {
+    let name_bytes = name.as_bytes();
+    let name_len = name_bytes.len().min(255) as u8;
+
+    // Parse hex steps "06:01,FF:0A,19:01" into (kc, mod) pairs
+    let mut step_pairs: Vec<(u8, u8)> = Vec::new();
+    if !steps_hex.is_empty() {
+        for part in steps_hex.split(',') {
+            let trimmed = part.trim();
+            let kv: Vec<&str> = trimmed.split(':').collect();
+            let has_two = kv.len() == 2;
+            if !has_two {
+                continue;
+            }
+            let kc = u8::from_str_radix(kv[0].trim(), 16).unwrap_or(0);
+            let md = u8::from_str_radix(kv[1].trim(), 16).unwrap_or(0);
+            step_pairs.push((kc, md));
+        }
+    }
+    let step_count = step_pairs.len().min(255) as u8;
+
+    let mut payload = Vec::new();
+    payload.push(slot);
+    payload.push(name_len);
+    payload.extend_from_slice(&name_bytes[..name_len as usize]);
+    payload.push(step_count);
+    for (kc, md) in &step_pairs {
+        payload.push(*kc);
+        payload.push(*md);
+    }
+    payload
+}
+
+/// Build MACRO_DELETE payload: [slot]
+pub fn macro_delete_payload(slot: u8) -> Vec<u8> {
+    vec![slot]
+}
+
+/// Build COMBO_SET payload: [index][r1][c1][r2][c2][result]
+pub fn combo_set_payload(index: u8, r1: u8, c1: u8, r2: u8, c2: u8, result: u8) -> Vec<u8> {
+    vec![index, r1, c1, r2, c2, result]
+}
+
+/// Build TD_SET payload: [index][a1][a2][a3][a4]
+pub fn td_set_payload(index: u8, actions: &[u16; 4]) -> Vec<u8> {
+    vec![index, actions[0] as u8, actions[1] as u8, actions[2] as u8, actions[3] as u8]
+}
+
+/// Build KO_SET payload: [index][trigger_key][trigger_mod][result_key][result_mod]
+pub fn ko_set_payload(index: u8, trig_key: u8, trig_mod: u8, res_key: u8, res_mod: u8) -> Vec<u8> {
+    vec![index, trig_key, trig_mod, res_key, res_mod]
+}
+
+/// Build LEADER_SET payload: [index][seq_len][seq...][result][result_mod]
+pub fn leader_set_payload(index: u8, sequence: &[u8], result: u8, result_mod: u8) -> Vec<u8> {
+    let seq_len = sequence.len().min(4) as u8;
+    let mut payload = Vec::with_capacity(4 + sequence.len());
+    payload.push(index);
+    payload.push(seq_len);
+    payload.extend_from_slice(&sequence[..seq_len as usize]);
+    payload.push(result);
+    payload.push(result_mod);
+    payload
+}
+
+/// Parsed KR response.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct KrResponse {
+    #[allow(dead_code)]
+    pub cmd: u8,
+    pub status: u8,
+    pub payload: Vec<u8>,
+}
+
+impl KrResponse {
+    pub fn is_ok(&self) -> bool {
+        self.status == status::OK
+    }
+
+    pub fn status_name(&self) -> &str {
+        match self.status {
+            status::OK => "OK",
+            status::ERR_UNKNOWN => "ERR_UNKNOWN",
+            status::ERR_CRC => "ERR_CRC",
+            status::ERR_INVALID => "ERR_INVALID",
+            status::ERR_RANGE => "ERR_RANGE",
+            status::ERR_BUSY => "ERR_BUSY",
+            status::ERR_OVERFLOW => "ERR_OVERFLOW",
+            _ => "UNKNOWN",
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Parse a KR response from raw bytes. Returns (response, bytes_consumed).
+pub fn parse_kr(data: &[u8]) -> Result<(KrResponse, usize), String> {
+    // Find KR magic
+    let pos = data
+        .windows(2)
+        .position(|w| w[0] == 0x4B && w[1] == 0x52)
+        .ok_or("No KR header found")?;
+
+    if data.len() < pos + 7 {
+        return Err("Response too short".into());
+    }
+
+    let cmd = data[pos + 2];
+    let status = data[pos + 3];
+    let plen = data[pos + 4] as u16 | ((data[pos + 5] as u16) << 8);
+    let payload_start = pos + 6;
+    let payload_end = payload_start + plen as usize;
+
+    if data.len() < payload_end + 1 {
+        return Err(format!(
+            "Incomplete response: need {} bytes, got {}",
+            payload_end + 1,
+            data.len()
+        ));
+    }
+
+    let payload = data[payload_start..payload_end].to_vec();
+    let expected_crc = data[payload_end];
+    let actual_crc = crc8(&payload);
+
+    if expected_crc != actual_crc {
+        return Err(format!(
+            "CRC mismatch: expected 0x{:02X}, got 0x{:02X}",
+            expected_crc, actual_crc
+        ));
+    }
+
+    let consumed = payload_end + 1 - pos;
+    Ok((KrResponse { cmd, status, payload }, consumed))
+}
diff --git a/original-src/flasher.rs b/original-src/flasher.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8a688f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/original-src/flasher.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,501 @@
+/// ESP32 ROM bootloader flasher via serial (CH340/CP2102 programming port).
+/// Implements minimal SLIP-framed bootloader protocol for firmware flashing
+/// without requiring esptool.
+
+#[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+use serialport::SerialPort;
+#[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+use std::sync::mpsc;
+#[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
+
+// ==================== SLIP framing ====================
+
+const SLIP_END: u8 = 0xC0;
+const SLIP_ESC: u8 = 0xDB;
+const SLIP_ESC_END: u8 = 0xDC;
+const SLIP_ESC_ESC: u8 = 0xDD;
+
+#[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+fn slip_encode(data: &[u8]) -> Vec<u8> {
+    let mut frame = Vec::with_capacity(data.len() + 10);
+    frame.push(SLIP_END);
+    for &byte in data {
+        match byte {
+            SLIP_END => {
+                frame.push(SLIP_ESC);
+                frame.push(SLIP_ESC_END);
+            }
+            SLIP_ESC => {
+                frame.push(SLIP_ESC);
+                frame.push(SLIP_ESC_ESC);
+            }
+            _ => frame.push(byte),
+        }
+    }
+    frame.push(SLIP_END);
+    frame
+}
+
+#[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+fn slip_decode(frame: &[u8]) -> Vec<u8> {
+    let mut data = Vec::with_capacity(frame.len());
+    let mut escaped = false;
+    for &byte in frame {
+        if escaped {
+            match byte {
+                SLIP_ESC_END => data.push(SLIP_END),
+                SLIP_ESC_ESC => data.push(SLIP_ESC),
+                _ => data.push(byte),
+            }
+            escaped = false;
+        } else if byte == SLIP_ESC {
+            escaped = true;
+        } else if byte != SLIP_END {
+            data.push(byte);
+        }
+    }
+    data
+}
+
+// ==================== Bootloader commands ====================
+
+const CMD_SYNC: u8 = 0x08;
+const CMD_CHANGE_BAUDRATE: u8 = 0x0F;
+const CMD_SPI_ATTACH: u8 = 0x0D;
+const CMD_FLASH_BEGIN: u8 = 0x02;
+const CMD_FLASH_DATA: u8 = 0x03;
+const CMD_FLASH_END: u8 = 0x04;
+
+const FLASH_BLOCK_SIZE: u32 = 1024;
+const INITIAL_BAUD: u32 = 115200;
+const FLASH_BAUD: u32 = 460800;
+
+#[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+fn xor_checksum(data: &[u8]) -> u32 {
+    let mut chk: u8 = 0xEF;
+    for &b in data {
+        chk ^= b;
+    }
+    chk as u32
+}
+
+/// Build a bootloader command packet (before SLIP encoding).
+/// Format: [0x00][cmd][size:u16 LE][checksum:u32 LE][data...]
+#[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+fn build_command(cmd: u8, data: &[u8], checksum: u32) -> Vec<u8> {
+    let size = data.len() as u16;
+    let mut pkt = Vec::with_capacity(8 + data.len());
+    pkt.push(0x00); // direction: command
+    pkt.push(cmd);
+    pkt.push((size & 0xFF) as u8);
+    pkt.push((size >> 8) as u8);
+    pkt.push((checksum & 0xFF) as u8);
+    pkt.push(((checksum >> 8) & 0xFF) as u8);
+    pkt.push(((checksum >> 16) & 0xFF) as u8);
+    pkt.push(((checksum >> 24) & 0xFF) as u8);
+    pkt.extend_from_slice(data);
+    pkt
+}
+
+/// Extract complete SLIP frames from a byte buffer.
+/// Returns (frames, remaining_bytes_not_consumed).
+#[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+fn extract_slip_frames(raw: &[u8]) -> Vec<Vec<u8>> {
+    let mut frames = Vec::new();
+    let mut in_frame = false;
+    let mut current = Vec::new();
+
+    for &byte in raw {
+        if byte == SLIP_END {
+            if in_frame && !current.is_empty() {
+                // End of frame
+                frames.push(current.clone());
+                current.clear();
+                in_frame = false;
+            } else {
+                // Start of frame (or consecutive 0xC0)
+                in_frame = true;
+                current.clear();
+            }
+        } else if in_frame {
+            current.push(byte);
+        }
+        // If !in_frame and byte != SLIP_END, it's garbage — skip
+    }
+    frames
+}
+
+/// Send a command and receive a valid response.
+/// Handles boot log garbage and multiple SYNC responses.
+#[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+fn send_command(
+    port: &mut Box<dyn SerialPort>,
+    cmd: u8,
+    data: &[u8],
+    checksum: u32,
+    timeout_ms: u64,
+) -> Result<Vec<u8>, String> {
+    let pkt = build_command(cmd, data, checksum);
+    let frame = slip_encode(&pkt);
+
+    port.write_all(&frame)
+        .map_err(|e| format!("Write error: {}", e))?;
+    port.flush()
+        .map_err(|e| format!("Flush error: {}", e))?;
+
+    // Read bytes and extract SLIP frames, looking for a valid response
+    let mut raw = Vec::new();
+    let mut buf = [0u8; 512];
+    let start = Instant::now();
+    let timeout = Duration::from_millis(timeout_ms);
+
+    loop {
+        let elapsed = start.elapsed();
+        if elapsed > timeout {
+            let got = if raw.is_empty() {
+                "nothing".to_string()
+            } else {
+                format!("{} raw bytes, no valid response", raw.len())
+            };
+            return Err(format!("Response timeout (got {})", got));
+        }
+
+        let read_result = port.read(&mut buf);
+        match read_result {
+            Ok(n) if n > 0 => {
+                raw.extend_from_slice(&buf[..n]);
+            }
+            _ => {
+                std::thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(1));
+                if raw.is_empty() {
+                    continue;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Try to find a valid response in accumulated data
+        let frames = extract_slip_frames(&raw);
+        for slip_data in &frames {
+            let decoded = slip_decode(slip_data);
+
+            if decoded.len() < 8 {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            let direction = decoded[0];
+            let resp_cmd = decoded[1];
+
+            if direction != 0x01 || resp_cmd != cmd {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            // ROM bootloader status is at offset 8 (right after 8-byte header)
+            // Format: [dir][cmd][size:u16][value:u32][status][error][pad][pad]
+            if decoded.len() >= 10 {
+                let status = decoded[8];
+                let error = decoded[9];
+                if status != 0 {
+                    return Err(format!("Bootloader error: cmd=0x{:02X} status={}, error={} (0x{:02X})",
+                        cmd, status, error, error));
+                }
+            }
+
+            return Ok(decoded);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// ==================== Bootloader entry ====================
+
+/// Toggle DTR/RTS to reset ESP32 into bootloader mode.
+/// Standard auto-reset circuit: DTR→EN, RTS→GPIO0.
+#[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+fn enter_bootloader(port: &mut Box<dyn SerialPort>) -> Result<(), String> {
+    // Hold GPIO0 low (RTS=true) while pulsing EN (DTR)
+    port.write_data_terminal_ready(false)
+        .map_err(|e| format!("DTR error: {}", e))?;
+    port.write_request_to_send(true)
+        .map_err(|e| format!("RTS error: {}", e))?;
+    std::thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(100));
+
+    // Release EN (DTR=true) while keeping GPIO0 low
+    port.write_data_terminal_ready(true)
+        .map_err(|e| format!("DTR error: {}", e))?;
+    port.write_request_to_send(false)
+        .map_err(|e| format!("RTS error: {}", e))?;
+    std::thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(50));
+
+    // Release all
+    port.write_data_terminal_ready(false)
+        .map_err(|e| format!("DTR error: {}", e))?;
+
+    // Drain any boot message
+    let _ = port.clear(serialport::ClearBuffer::All);
+    std::thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(200));
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+// ==================== High-level commands ====================
+
+#[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+fn sync(port: &mut Box<dyn SerialPort>) -> Result<(), String> {
+    // SYNC payload: [0x07, 0x07, 0x12, 0x20] + 32 x 0x55
+    let mut payload = vec![0x07, 0x07, 0x12, 0x20];
+    payload.extend_from_slice(&[0x55; 32]);
+
+    for attempt in 0..10 {
+        let result = send_command(port, CMD_SYNC, &payload, 0, 500);
+        match result {
+            Ok(_) => return Ok(()),
+            Err(_) if attempt < 9 => {
+                // Drain any pending data before retry
+                let _ = port.clear(serialport::ClearBuffer::Input);
+                std::thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(50));
+            }
+            Err(e) => return Err(format!("SYNC failed after 10 attempts: {}", e)),
+        }
+    }
+    Err("SYNC failed".into())
+}
+
+/// Tell the bootloader to switch to a faster baud rate, then reconnect.
+#[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+fn change_baudrate(port: &mut Box<dyn SerialPort>, new_baud: u32) -> Result<(), String> {
+    // Payload: [new_baud:u32 LE][old_baud:u32 LE] (old_baud=0 means "current")
+    let mut payload = Vec::with_capacity(8);
+    payload.extend_from_slice(&new_baud.to_le_bytes());
+    payload.extend_from_slice(&0u32.to_le_bytes());
+
+    send_command(port, CMD_CHANGE_BAUDRATE, &payload, 0, 3000)?;
+
+    // Switch host side to new baud
+    port.set_baud_rate(new_baud)
+        .map_err(|e| format!("Set baud error: {}", e))?;
+
+    // Small delay for baud switch to take effect
+    std::thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(50));
+    let _ = port.clear(serialport::ClearBuffer::All);
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+fn spi_attach(port: &mut Box<dyn SerialPort>) -> Result<(), String> {
+    let payload = [0u8; 8];
+    send_command(port, CMD_SPI_ATTACH, &payload, 0, 3000)?;
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+fn flash_begin(
+    port: &mut Box<dyn SerialPort>,
+    offset: u32,
+    total_size: u32,
+    block_size: u32,
+) -> Result<(), String> {
+    let num_blocks = (total_size + block_size - 1) / block_size;
+
+    let mut payload = Vec::with_capacity(20);
+    // erase_size
+    payload.extend_from_slice(&total_size.to_le_bytes());
+    // num_blocks
+    payload.extend_from_slice(&num_blocks.to_le_bytes());
+    // block_size
+    payload.extend_from_slice(&block_size.to_le_bytes());
+    // offset
+    payload.extend_from_slice(&offset.to_le_bytes());
+    // encrypted (ESP32-S3 requires this 5th field — 0 = not encrypted)
+    payload.extend_from_slice(&0u32.to_le_bytes());
+
+    // FLASH_BEGIN can take a while (flash erase) — long timeout
+    send_command(port, CMD_FLASH_BEGIN, &payload, 0, 30_000)?;
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+fn flash_data(
+    port: &mut Box<dyn SerialPort>,
+    seq: u32,
+    data: &[u8],
+) -> Result<(), String> {
+    let data_len = data.len() as u32;
+
+    let mut payload = Vec::with_capacity(16 + data.len());
+    // data length
+    payload.extend_from_slice(&data_len.to_le_bytes());
+    // sequence number
+    payload.extend_from_slice(&seq.to_le_bytes());
+    // reserved (2 x u32)
+    payload.extend_from_slice(&0u32.to_le_bytes());
+    payload.extend_from_slice(&0u32.to_le_bytes());
+    // data
+    payload.extend_from_slice(data);
+
+    let checksum = xor_checksum(data);
+    send_command(port, CMD_FLASH_DATA, &payload, checksum, 10_000)?;
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+fn flash_end(port: &mut Box<dyn SerialPort>, reboot: bool) -> Result<(), String> {
+    let flag: u32 = if reboot { 0 } else { 1 };
+    let payload = flag.to_le_bytes();
+    // FLASH_END might not get a response if device reboots
+    let _ = send_command(port, CMD_FLASH_END, &payload, 0, 2000);
+
+    if reboot {
+        // Hard reset: toggle RTS to pulse EN pin (like esptool --after hard_reset)
+        std::thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(100));
+        port.write_request_to_send(true)
+            .map_err(|e| format!("RTS error: {}", e))?;
+        std::thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(100));
+        port.write_request_to_send(false)
+            .map_err(|e| format!("RTS error: {}", e))?;
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+// ==================== Main entry point ====================
+
+/// Flash firmware to ESP32 via programming port (CH340/CP2102).
+/// Sends progress updates via the channel as (progress_0_to_1, status_message).
+#[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+pub fn flash_firmware(
+    port_name: &str,
+    firmware: &[u8],
+    offset: u32,
+    tx: &mpsc::Sender<super::ui::BgResult>,
+) -> Result<(), String> {
+    let send_progress = |progress: f32, msg: String| {
+        let _ = tx.send(super::ui::BgResult::OtaProgress(progress, msg));
+    };
+
+    send_progress(0.0, "Opening port...".into());
+
+    let builder = serialport::new(port_name, INITIAL_BAUD);
+    let builder_timeout = builder.timeout(Duration::from_millis(500));
+    let mut port = builder_timeout.open()
+        .map_err(|e| format!("Cannot open {}: {}", port_name, e))?;
+
+    // Step 1: Enter bootloader
+    send_progress(0.0, "Resetting into bootloader...".into());
+    enter_bootloader(&mut port)?;
+
+    // Step 2: Sync at 115200
+    send_progress(0.0, "Syncing with bootloader...".into());
+    sync(&mut port)?;
+    send_progress(0.02, "Bootloader sync OK".into());
+
+    // Step 3: Switch to 460800 baud for faster flashing
+    send_progress(0.03, format!("Switching to {} baud...", FLASH_BAUD));
+    change_baudrate(&mut port, FLASH_BAUD)?;
+    send_progress(0.04, format!("Baud: {}", FLASH_BAUD));
+
+    // Step 4: SPI attach
+    send_progress(0.05, "Attaching SPI flash...".into());
+    spi_attach(&mut port)?;
+
+    // Step 5: Flash begin (this erases the flash — can take several seconds)
+    let total_size = firmware.len() as u32;
+    let num_blocks = (total_size + FLASH_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / FLASH_BLOCK_SIZE;
+    send_progress(0.05, format!("Erasing flash ({} KB)...", total_size / 1024));
+    flash_begin(&mut port, offset, total_size, FLASH_BLOCK_SIZE)?;
+    send_progress(0.10, "Flash erased, writing...".into());
+
+    // Step 6: Flash data blocks
+    for (i, chunk) in firmware.chunks(FLASH_BLOCK_SIZE as usize).enumerate() {
+        // Pad last block to block_size
+        let mut block = chunk.to_vec();
+        let pad_needed = FLASH_BLOCK_SIZE as usize - block.len();
+        if pad_needed > 0 {
+            block.extend(std::iter::repeat(0xFF).take(pad_needed));
+        }
+
+        flash_data(&mut port, i as u32, &block)?;
+
+        let blocks_done = (i + 1) as f32;
+        let total_blocks = num_blocks as f32;
+        let progress = 0.10 + 0.85 * (blocks_done / total_blocks);
+        let msg = format!("Writing block {}/{} ({} KB / {} KB)",
+            i + 1, num_blocks,
+            ((i + 1) as u32 * FLASH_BLOCK_SIZE).min(total_size) / 1024,
+            total_size / 1024);
+        send_progress(progress, msg);
+    }
+
+    // Step 7: Flash end + reboot
+    send_progress(0.97, "Finalizing...".into());
+    flash_end(&mut port, true)?;
+
+    send_progress(1.0, format!("Flash OK — {} KB written at 0x{:X}", total_size / 1024, offset));
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+// ==================== Tests ====================
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn slip_encode_no_special() {
+        let data = vec![0x01, 0x02, 0x03];
+        let encoded = slip_encode(&data);
+        assert_eq!(encoded, vec![0xC0, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0xC0]);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn slip_encode_with_end_byte() {
+        let data = vec![0x01, 0xC0, 0x03];
+        let encoded = slip_encode(&data);
+        assert_eq!(encoded, vec![0xC0, 0x01, 0xDB, 0xDC, 0x03, 0xC0]);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn slip_encode_with_esc_byte() {
+        let data = vec![0x01, 0xDB, 0x03];
+        let encoded = slip_encode(&data);
+        assert_eq!(encoded, vec![0xC0, 0x01, 0xDB, 0xDD, 0x03, 0xC0]);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn slip_roundtrip() {
+        let original = vec![0xC0, 0xDB, 0x00, 0xFF, 0xC0];
+        let encoded = slip_encode(&original);
+        let decoded = slip_decode(&encoded);
+        assert_eq!(decoded, original);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn xor_checksum_basic() {
+        let data = vec![0x01, 0x02, 0x03];
+        let chk = xor_checksum(&data);
+        let expected = 0xEF ^ 0x01 ^ 0x02 ^ 0x03;
+        assert_eq!(chk, expected as u32);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn xor_checksum_empty() {
+        let chk = xor_checksum(&[]);
+        assert_eq!(chk, 0xEF);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn build_command_format() {
+        let data = vec![0xAA, 0xBB];
+        let pkt = build_command(0x08, &data, 0x12345678);
+        assert_eq!(pkt[0], 0x00); // direction
+        assert_eq!(pkt[1], 0x08); // command
+        assert_eq!(pkt[2], 0x02); // size low
+        assert_eq!(pkt[3], 0x00); // size high
+        assert_eq!(pkt[4], 0x78); // checksum byte 0
+        assert_eq!(pkt[5], 0x56); // checksum byte 1
+        assert_eq!(pkt[6], 0x34); // checksum byte 2
+        assert_eq!(pkt[7], 0x12); // checksum byte 3
+        assert_eq!(pkt[8], 0xAA); // data
+        assert_eq!(pkt[9], 0xBB);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/original-src/keycode.rs b/original-src/keycode.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6709ee3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/original-src/keycode.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,390 @@
+/// Decode a raw 16-bit keycode into a human-readable string.
+///
+/// Covers all KaSe firmware keycode ranges: HID basic keys, layer switches,
+/// macros, Bluetooth, one-shot, mod-tap, layer-tap, tap-dance, and more.
+pub fn decode_keycode(raw: u16) -> String {
+    // --- HID basic keycodes 0x00..=0xE7 ---
+    if raw <= 0x00E7 {
+        return hid_key_name(raw as u8);
+    }
+
+    // --- MO (Momentary Layer): 0x0100..=0x0A00, low byte == 0 ---
+    if raw >= 0x0100 && raw <= 0x0A00 && (raw & 0xFF) == 0 {
+        let layer = (raw >> 8) - 1;
+        return format!("MO {layer}");
+    }
+
+    // --- TO (Toggle Layer): 0x0B00..=0x1400, low byte == 0 ---
+    if raw >= 0x0B00 && raw <= 0x1400 && (raw & 0xFF) == 0 {
+        let layer = (raw >> 8) - 0x0B;
+        return format!("TO {layer}");
+    }
+
+    // --- MACRO: 0x1500..=0x2800, low byte == 0 ---
+    if raw >= 0x1500 && raw <= 0x2800 && (raw & 0xFF) == 0 {
+        let idx = (raw >> 8) - 0x14;
+        return format!("M{idx}");
+    }
+
+    // --- BT keycodes ---
+    match raw {
+        0x2900 => return "BT Next".into(),
+        0x2A00 => return "BT Prev".into(),
+        0x2B00 => return "BT Pair".into(),
+        0x2C00 => return "BT Disc".into(),
+        0x2E00 => return "USB/BT".into(),
+        0x2F00 => return "BT On/Off".into(),
+        _ => {}
+    }
+
+    // --- OSM (One-Shot Mod): 0x3000..=0x30FF ---
+    if raw >= 0x3000 && raw <= 0x30FF {
+        let mods = (raw & 0xFF) as u8;
+        return format!("OSM {}", mod_name(mods));
+    }
+
+    // --- OSL (One-Shot Layer): 0x3100..=0x310F ---
+    if raw >= 0x3100 && raw <= 0x310F {
+        let layer = raw & 0x0F;
+        return format!("OSL {layer}");
+    }
+
+    // --- Fixed special codes ---
+    match raw {
+        0x3200 => return "Caps Word".into(),
+        0x3300 => return "Repeat".into(),
+        0x3400 => return "Leader".into(),
+        0x3500 => return "Feed".into(),
+        0x3600 => return "Play".into(),
+        0x3700 => return "Sleep".into(),
+        0x3800 => return "Meds".into(),
+        0x3900 => return "GEsc".into(),
+        0x3A00 => return "Layer Lock".into(),
+        0x3C00 => return "AS Toggle".into(),
+        _ => {}
+    }
+
+    // --- KO (Key Override) slots: 0x3D00..=0x3DFF ---
+    if raw >= 0x3D00 && raw <= 0x3DFF {
+        let slot = raw & 0xFF;
+        return format!("KO {slot}");
+    }
+
+    // --- LT (Layer-Tap): 0x4000..=0x4FFF ---
+    //     layout: 0x4LKK  where L = layer (0..F), KK = HID keycode
+    if raw >= 0x4000 && raw <= 0x4FFF {
+        let layer = (raw >> 8) & 0x0F;
+        let kc = (raw & 0xFF) as u8;
+        return format!("LT {} {}", layer, hid_key_name(kc));
+    }
+
+    // --- MT (Mod-Tap): 0x5000..=0x5FFF ---
+    //     layout: 0x5MKK  where M = mod nibble (4 bits), KK = HID keycode
+    if raw >= 0x5000 && raw <= 0x5FFF {
+        let mods = ((raw >> 8) & 0x0F) as u8;
+        let kc = (raw & 0xFF) as u8;
+        return format!("MT {} {}", mod_name(mods), hid_key_name(kc));
+    }
+
+    // --- TD (Tap Dance): 0x6000..=0x6FFF ---
+    if raw >= 0x6000 && raw <= 0x6FFF {
+        let index = (raw >> 8) & 0x0F;
+        return format!("TD {index}");
+    }
+
+    // --- Unknown ---
+    format!("0x{raw:04X}")
+}
+
+/// Decode a modifier bitmask into a human-readable string.
+///
+/// Bits: 0x01=Ctrl, 0x02=Shift, 0x04=Alt, 0x08=GUI,
+///       0x10=RCtrl, 0x20=RShift, 0x40=RAlt, 0x80=RGUI.
+/// Multiple modifiers are joined with "+".
+pub fn mod_name(mod_mask: u8) -> String {
+    let mut parts = Vec::new();
+    if mod_mask & 0x01 != 0 { parts.push("Ctrl"); }
+    if mod_mask & 0x02 != 0 { parts.push("Shift"); }
+    if mod_mask & 0x04 != 0 { parts.push("Alt"); }
+    if mod_mask & 0x08 != 0 { parts.push("GUI"); }
+    if mod_mask & 0x10 != 0 { parts.push("RCtrl"); }
+    if mod_mask & 0x20 != 0 { parts.push("RShift"); }
+    if mod_mask & 0x40 != 0 { parts.push("RAlt"); }
+    if mod_mask & 0x80 != 0 { parts.push("RGUI"); }
+    if parts.is_empty() {
+        format!("0x{mod_mask:02X}")
+    } else {
+        parts.join("+")
+    }
+}
+
+/// Map a single HID usage code (0x00..=0xE7) to a short readable name.
+pub fn hid_key_name(code: u8) -> String {
+    match code {
+        // No key / transparent
+        0x00 => "None",
+        // 0x01 = ErrorRollOver, 0x02 = POSTFail, 0x03 = ErrorUndefined (not user-facing)
+        0x01 => "ErrRollOver",
+        0x02 => "POSTFail",
+        0x03 => "ErrUndef",
+
+        // Letters
+        0x04 => "A",
+        0x05 => "B",
+        0x06 => "C",
+        0x07 => "D",
+        0x08 => "E",
+        0x09 => "F",
+        0x0A => "G",
+        0x0B => "H",
+        0x0C => "I",
+        0x0D => "J",
+        0x0E => "K",
+        0x0F => "L",
+        0x10 => "M",
+        0x11 => "N",
+        0x12 => "O",
+        0x13 => "P",
+        0x14 => "Q",
+        0x15 => "R",
+        0x16 => "S",
+        0x17 => "T",
+        0x18 => "U",
+        0x19 => "V",
+        0x1A => "W",
+        0x1B => "X",
+        0x1C => "Y",
+        0x1D => "Z",
+
+        // Number row
+        0x1E => "1",
+        0x1F => "2",
+        0x20 => "3",
+        0x21 => "4",
+        0x22 => "5",
+        0x23 => "6",
+        0x24 => "7",
+        0x25 => "8",
+        0x26 => "9",
+        0x27 => "0",
+
+        // Common control keys
+        0x28 => "Enter",
+        0x29 => "Esc",
+        0x2A => "Backspace",
+        0x2B => "Tab",
+        0x2C => "Space",
+
+        // Punctuation / symbols
+        0x2D => "-",
+        0x2E => "=",
+        0x2F => "[",
+        0x30 => "]",
+        0x31 => "\\",
+        0x32 => "Europe1",
+        0x33 => ";",
+        0x34 => "'",
+        0x35 => "`",
+        0x36 => ",",
+        0x37 => ".",
+        0x38 => "/",
+
+        // Caps Lock
+        0x39 => "Caps Lock",
+
+        // Function keys
+        0x3A => "F1",
+        0x3B => "F2",
+        0x3C => "F3",
+        0x3D => "F4",
+        0x3E => "F5",
+        0x3F => "F6",
+        0x40 => "F7",
+        0x41 => "F8",
+        0x42 => "F9",
+        0x43 => "F10",
+        0x44 => "F11",
+        0x45 => "F12",
+
+        // Navigation / editing cluster
+        0x46 => "PrtSc",
+        0x47 => "ScrLk",
+        0x48 => "Pause",
+        0x49 => "Ins",
+        0x4A => "Home",
+        0x4B => "PgUp",
+        0x4C => "Del",
+        0x4D => "End",
+        0x4E => "PgDn",
+
+        // Arrow keys
+        0x4F => "Right",
+        0x50 => "Left",
+        0x51 => "Down",
+        0x52 => "Up",
+
+        // Keypad
+        0x53 => "NumLk",
+        0x54 => "Num /",
+        0x55 => "Num *",
+        0x56 => "Num -",
+        0x57 => "Num +",
+        0x58 => "Num Enter",
+        0x59 => "Num 1",
+        0x5A => "Num 2",
+        0x5B => "Num 3",
+        0x5C => "Num 4",
+        0x5D => "Num 5",
+        0x5E => "Num 6",
+        0x5F => "Num 7",
+        0x60 => "Num 8",
+        0x61 => "Num 9",
+        0x62 => "Num 0",
+        0x63 => "Num .",
+        0x64 => "Europe2",
+        0x65 => "Menu",
+        0x66 => "Power",
+        0x67 => "Num =",
+
+        // F13-F24
+        0x68 => "F13",
+        0x69 => "F14",
+        0x6A => "F15",
+        0x6B => "F16",
+        0x6C => "F17",
+        0x6D => "F18",
+        0x6E => "F19",
+        0x6F => "F20",
+        0x70 => "F21",
+        0x71 => "F22",
+        0x72 => "F23",
+        0x73 => "F24",
+
+        // Misc system keys
+        0x74 => "Execute",
+        0x75 => "Help",
+        0x76 => "Menu2",
+        0x77 => "Select",
+        0x78 => "Stop",
+        0x79 => "Again",
+        0x7A => "Undo",
+        0x7B => "Cut",
+        0x7C => "Copy",
+        0x7D => "Paste",
+        0x7E => "Find",
+        0x7F => "Mute",
+        0x80 => "Vol Up",
+        0x81 => "Vol Down",
+
+        // Locking keys
+        0x82 => "Lock Caps",
+        0x83 => "Lock Num",
+        0x84 => "Lock Scroll",
+
+        // Keypad extras
+        0x85 => "Num ,",
+        0x86 => "Num =2",
+
+        // International / Kanji
+        0x87 => "Kanji1",
+        0x88 => "Kanji2",
+        0x89 => "Kanji3",
+        0x8A => "Kanji4",
+        0x8B => "Kanji5",
+        0x8C => "Kanji6",
+        0x8D => "Kanji7",
+        0x8E => "Kanji8",
+        0x8F => "Kanji9",
+
+        // Language keys
+        0x90 => "Lang1",
+        0x91 => "Lang2",
+        0x92 => "Lang3",
+        0x93 => "Lang4",
+        0x94 => "Lang5",
+        0x95 => "Lang6",
+        0x96 => "Lang7",
+        0x97 => "Lang8",
+        0x98 => "Lang9",
+
+        // Rare system keys
+        0x99 => "Alt Erase",
+        0x9A => "SysReq",
+        0x9B => "Cancel",
+        0x9C => "Clear",
+        0x9D => "Prior",
+        0x9E => "Return",
+        0x9F => "Separator",
+        0xA0 => "Out",
+        0xA1 => "Oper",
+        0xA2 => "Clear Again",
+        0xA3 => "CrSel",
+        0xA4 => "ExSel",
+
+        // 0xA5..=0xAF reserved / not defined in standard HID tables
+
+        // Extended keypad
+        0xB0 => "Num 00",
+        0xB1 => "Num 000",
+        0xB2 => "Thousands Sep",
+        0xB3 => "Decimal Sep",
+        0xB4 => "Currency",
+        0xB5 => "Currency Sub",
+        0xB6 => "Num (",
+        0xB7 => "Num )",
+        0xB8 => "Num {",
+        0xB9 => "Num }",
+        0xBA => "Num Tab",
+        0xBB => "Num Bksp",
+        0xBC => "Num A",
+        0xBD => "Num B",
+        0xBE => "Num C",
+        0xBF => "Num D",
+        0xC0 => "Num E",
+        0xC1 => "Num F",
+        0xC2 => "Num XOR",
+        0xC3 => "Num ^",
+        0xC4 => "Num %",
+        0xC5 => "Num <",
+        0xC6 => "Num >",
+        0xC7 => "Num &",
+        0xC8 => "Num &&",
+        0xC9 => "Num |",
+        0xCA => "Num ||",
+        0xCB => "Num :",
+        0xCC => "Num #",
+        0xCD => "Num Space",
+        0xCE => "Num @",
+        0xCF => "Num !",
+        0xD0 => "Num M Store",
+        0xD1 => "Num M Recall",
+        0xD2 => "Num M Clear",
+        0xD3 => "Num M+",
+        0xD4 => "Num M-",
+        0xD5 => "Num M*",
+        0xD6 => "Num M/",
+        0xD7 => "Num +/-",
+        0xD8 => "Num Clear",
+        0xD9 => "Num ClrEntry",
+        0xDA => "Num Binary",
+        0xDB => "Num Octal",
+        0xDC => "Num Decimal",
+        0xDD => "Num Hex",
+
+        // 0xDE..=0xDF reserved
+
+        // Modifier keys
+        0xE0 => "LCtrl",
+        0xE1 => "LShift",
+        0xE2 => "LAlt",
+        0xE3 => "LGUI",
+        0xE4 => "RCtrl",
+        0xE5 => "RShift",
+        0xE6 => "RAlt",
+        0xE7 => "RGUI",
+
+        // Anything else in 0x00..=0xFF not covered above
+        _ => return format!("0x{code:02X}"),
+    }
+    .into()
+}
diff --git a/original-src/layout.rs b/original-src/layout.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6197a31
--- /dev/null
+++ b/original-src/layout.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,286 @@
+use serde_json::Value;
+
+/// A keycap with computed absolute position.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub struct KeycapPos {
+    pub row: usize,
+    pub col: usize,
+    pub x: f32,
+    pub y: f32,
+    pub w: f32,
+    pub h: f32,
+    pub angle: f32, // degrees
+}
+
+const KEY_SIZE: f32 = 50.0;
+const KEY_GAP: f32 = 4.0;
+
+/// Parse a layout JSON string into absolute key positions.
+pub fn parse_json(json: &str) -> Result<Vec<KeycapPos>, String> {
+    let val: Value = serde_json::from_str(json)
+        .map_err(|e| format!("Invalid layout JSON: {}", e))?;
+    let mut keys = Vec::new();
+    walk(&val, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, &mut keys);
+    if keys.is_empty() {
+        return Err("No keys found in layout".into());
+    }
+    Ok(keys)
+}
+
+/// Default layout embedded at compile time.
+pub fn default_layout() -> Vec<KeycapPos> {
+    let json = include_str!("../default.json");
+    parse_json(json).unwrap_or_default()
+}
+
+fn walk(node: &Value, ox: f32, oy: f32, parent_angle: f32, out: &mut Vec<KeycapPos>) {
+    let obj = match node.as_object() {
+        Some(o) => o,
+        None => return,
+    };
+
+    for (key, val) in obj {
+        let key_str = key.as_str();
+        match key_str {
+            "Group" => walk_group(val, ox, oy, parent_angle, out),
+            "Line" => walk_line(val, ox, oy, parent_angle, out),
+            "Keycap" => walk_keycap(val, ox, oy, parent_angle, out),
+            _ => {}
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn parse_margin(val: &Value) -> (f32, f32, f32, f32) {
+    let as_str = val.as_str();
+    if let Some(s) = as_str {
+        let split = s.split(',');
+        let parts: Vec<f32> = split
+            .filter_map(|p| {
+                let trimmed = p.trim();
+                let parsed = trimmed.parse().ok();
+                parsed
+            })
+            .collect();
+        let has_four_parts = parts.len() == 4;
+        if has_four_parts {
+            return (parts[0], parts[1], parts[2], parts[3]);
+        }
+    }
+    (0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0)
+}
+
+fn parse_angle(val: &Value) -> f32 {
+    let rotate_transform = val.get("RotateTransform");
+    let angle_val = rotate_transform
+        .and_then(|rt| rt.get("Angle"));
+    let angle_f64 = angle_val
+        .and_then(|a| a.as_f64());
+    let angle = angle_f64.unwrap_or(0.0) as f32;
+    angle
+}
+
+fn walk_group(val: &Value, ox: f32, oy: f32, parent_angle: f32, out: &mut Vec<KeycapPos>) {
+    let obj = match val.as_object() {
+        Some(o) => o,
+        None => return,
+    };
+
+    let margin_val = obj.get("Margin");
+    let (ml, mt, _, _) = margin_val
+        .map(parse_margin)
+        .unwrap_or_default();
+    let transform_val = obj.get("RenderTransform");
+    let angle = transform_val
+        .map(parse_angle)
+        .unwrap_or(0.0);
+
+    let gx = ox + ml;
+    let gy = oy + mt;
+
+    let children_val = obj.get("Children");
+    let children_array = children_val
+        .and_then(|c| c.as_array());
+    if let Some(children) = children_array {
+        let combined_angle = parent_angle + angle;
+        for child in children {
+            walk(child, gx, gy, combined_angle, out);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn walk_line(val: &Value, ox: f32, oy: f32, parent_angle: f32, out: &mut Vec<KeycapPos>) {
+    let obj = match val.as_object() {
+        Some(o) => o,
+        None => return,
+    };
+
+    let margin_val = obj.get("Margin");
+    let (ml, mt, _, _) = margin_val
+        .map(parse_margin)
+        .unwrap_or_default();
+    let transform_val = obj.get("RenderTransform");
+    let angle = transform_val
+        .map(parse_angle)
+        .unwrap_or(0.0);
+    let total_angle = parent_angle + angle;
+
+    let orientation_val = obj.get("Orientation");
+    let orientation_str = orientation_val
+        .and_then(|o| o.as_str())
+        .unwrap_or("Vertical");
+    let horiz = orientation_str == "Horizontal";
+
+    let lx = ox + ml;
+    let ly = oy + mt;
+
+    let rad = total_angle.to_radians();
+    let cos_a = rad.cos();
+    let sin_a = rad.sin();
+
+    let mut cursor = 0.0f32;
+
+    let children_val = obj.get("Children");
+    let children_array = children_val
+        .and_then(|c| c.as_array());
+    if let Some(children) = children_array {
+        for child in children {
+            let (cx, cy) = if horiz {
+                let x = lx + cursor * cos_a;
+                let y = ly + cursor * sin_a;
+                (x, y)
+            } else {
+                let x = lx - cursor * sin_a;
+                let y = ly + cursor * cos_a;
+                (x, y)
+            };
+
+            let child_size = measure(child, horiz);
+            walk(child, cx, cy, total_angle, out);
+            cursor += child_size;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Measure a child's extent along the parent's main axis.
+fn measure(node: &Value, horiz: bool) -> f32 {
+    let obj = match node.as_object() {
+        Some(o) => o,
+        None => return 0.0,
+    };
+
+    for (key, val) in obj {
+        let key_str = key.as_str();
+        match key_str {
+            "Keycap" => {
+                let width_val = val.get("Width");
+                let width_f64 = width_val
+                    .and_then(|v| v.as_f64());
+                let w = width_f64.unwrap_or(KEY_SIZE as f64) as f32;
+                let extent = if horiz {
+                    w + KEY_GAP
+                } else {
+                    KEY_SIZE + KEY_GAP
+                };
+                return extent;
+            }
+            "Line" => {
+                let sub = match val.as_object() {
+                    Some(o) => o,
+                    None => return 0.0,
+                };
+                let sub_orientation = sub.get("Orientation");
+                let sub_orient_str = sub_orientation
+                    .and_then(|o| o.as_str())
+                    .unwrap_or("Vertical");
+                let sub_horiz = sub_orient_str == "Horizontal";
+
+                let sub_children_val = sub.get("Children");
+                let sub_children_array = sub_children_val
+                    .and_then(|c| c.as_array());
+                let children = sub_children_array
+                    .map(|a| a.as_slice())
+                    .unwrap_or(&[]);
+
+                let same_direction = sub_horiz == horiz;
+                let content: f32 = if same_direction {
+                    // Same direction: sum
+                    children
+                        .iter()
+                        .map(|c| measure(c, sub_horiz))
+                        .sum()
+                } else {
+                    // Cross direction: max
+                    children
+                        .iter()
+                        .map(|c| measure(c, horiz))
+                        .fold(0.0f32, f32::max)
+                };
+
+                return content;
+            }
+            "Group" => {
+                let sub = match val.as_object() {
+                    Some(o) => o,
+                    None => return 0.0,
+                };
+                let sub_children_val = sub.get("Children");
+                let sub_children_array = sub_children_val
+                    .and_then(|c| c.as_array());
+                let children = sub_children_array
+                    .map(|a| a.as_slice())
+                    .unwrap_or(&[]);
+                let max_extent = children
+                    .iter()
+                    .map(|c| measure(c, horiz))
+                    .fold(0.0f32, f32::max);
+                return max_extent;
+            }
+            _ => {}
+        }
+    }
+    0.0
+}
+
+fn walk_keycap(val: &Value, ox: f32, oy: f32, parent_angle: f32, out: &mut Vec<KeycapPos>) {
+    let obj = match val.as_object() {
+        Some(o) => o,
+        None => return,
+    };
+
+    let col_val = obj.get("Column");
+    let col_u64 = col_val
+        .and_then(|v| v.as_u64());
+    let col = col_u64.unwrap_or(0) as usize;
+
+    let row_val = obj.get("Row");
+    let row_u64 = row_val
+        .and_then(|v| v.as_u64());
+    let row = row_u64.unwrap_or(0) as usize;
+
+    let width_val = obj.get("Width");
+    let width_f64 = width_val
+        .and_then(|v| v.as_f64());
+    let w = width_f64.unwrap_or(KEY_SIZE as f64) as f32;
+
+    let margin_val = obj.get("Margin");
+    let (ml, mt, _, _) = margin_val
+        .map(parse_margin)
+        .unwrap_or_default();
+
+    let transform_val = obj.get("RenderTransform");
+    let angle = transform_val
+        .map(parse_angle)
+        .unwrap_or(0.0);
+
+    let total_angle = parent_angle + angle;
+
+    out.push(KeycapPos {
+        row,
+        col,
+        x: ox + ml,
+        y: oy + mt,
+        w,
+        h: KEY_SIZE,
+        angle: total_angle,
+    });
+}
diff --git a/original-src/layout_remap.rs b/original-src/layout_remap.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..023f97d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/original-src/layout_remap.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,339 @@
+/// Remaps HID key names to their visual representation based on the user's
+/// keyboard layout (language).  Ported from the C# `KeyConverter.LayoutOverrides`.
+
+// Display implementation for the keyboard layout picker in settings.
+impl std::fmt::Display for KeyboardLayout {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        write!(f, "{}", self.name())
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+pub enum KeyboardLayout {
+    Qwerty,
+    Azerty,
+    Qwertz,
+    Dvorak,
+    Colemak,
+    Bepo,
+    QwertyEs,
+    QwertyPt,
+    QwertyIt,
+    QwertyNordic,
+    QwertyBr,
+    QwertyTr,
+    QwertyUk,
+}
+
+impl KeyboardLayout {
+    /// All known layout variants.
+    pub fn all() -> &'static [KeyboardLayout] {
+        &[
+            KeyboardLayout::Qwerty,
+            KeyboardLayout::Azerty,
+            KeyboardLayout::Qwertz,
+            KeyboardLayout::Dvorak,
+            KeyboardLayout::Colemak,
+            KeyboardLayout::Bepo,
+            KeyboardLayout::QwertyEs,
+            KeyboardLayout::QwertyPt,
+            KeyboardLayout::QwertyIt,
+            KeyboardLayout::QwertyNordic,
+            KeyboardLayout::QwertyBr,
+            KeyboardLayout::QwertyTr,
+            KeyboardLayout::QwertyUk,
+        ]
+    }
+
+    /// Human-readable display name.
+    pub fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        match self {
+            KeyboardLayout::Qwerty => "QWERTY",
+            KeyboardLayout::Azerty => "AZERTY",
+            KeyboardLayout::Qwertz => "QWERTZ",
+            KeyboardLayout::Dvorak => "DVORAK",
+            KeyboardLayout::Colemak => "COLEMAK",
+            KeyboardLayout::Bepo => "BEPO",
+            KeyboardLayout::QwertyEs => "QWERTY_ES",
+            KeyboardLayout::QwertyPt => "QWERTY_PT",
+            KeyboardLayout::QwertyIt => "QWERTY_IT",
+            KeyboardLayout::QwertyNordic => "QWERTY_NORDIC",
+            KeyboardLayout::QwertyBr => "QWERTY_BR",
+            KeyboardLayout::QwertyTr => "QWERTY_TR",
+            KeyboardLayout::QwertyUk => "QWERTY_UK",
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Parse a layout name (case-insensitive). Falls back to `Qwerty`.
+    pub fn from_name(s: &str) -> Self {
+        match s.to_ascii_uppercase().as_str() {
+            "QWERTY" => KeyboardLayout::Qwerty,
+            "AZERTY" => KeyboardLayout::Azerty,
+            "QWERTZ" => KeyboardLayout::Qwertz,
+            "DVORAK" => KeyboardLayout::Dvorak,
+            "COLEMAK" => KeyboardLayout::Colemak,
+            "BEPO" | "BÉPO" => KeyboardLayout::Bepo,
+            "QWERTY_ES" => KeyboardLayout::QwertyEs,
+            "QWERTY_PT" => KeyboardLayout::QwertyPt,
+            "QWERTY_IT" => KeyboardLayout::QwertyIt,
+            "QWERTY_NORDIC" => KeyboardLayout::QwertyNordic,
+            "QWERTY_BR" => KeyboardLayout::QwertyBr,
+            "QWERTY_TR" => KeyboardLayout::QwertyTr,
+            "QWERTY_UK" => KeyboardLayout::QwertyUk,
+            _ => KeyboardLayout::Qwerty,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Given a `layout` and an HID key name (e.g. `"A"`, `"COMMA"`, `"SEMICOLON"`),
+/// returns the visual label for that key on the given layout, or `None` when no
+/// override exists (meaning the default / QWERTY label applies).
+///
+/// The lookup is **case-insensitive** on `hid_name`.
+pub fn remap_key_label(layout: &KeyboardLayout, hid_name: &str) -> Option<&'static str> {
+    // Normalise to uppercase for matching.
+    let key = hid_name.to_ascii_uppercase();
+    let key = key.as_str();
+
+    match layout {
+        // QWERTY has no overrides — it *is* the reference layout.
+        KeyboardLayout::Qwerty => None,
+
+        KeyboardLayout::Azerty => match key {
+            "COMMA" | "COMM" | "COMA" => Some(";"),
+            "SEMICOLON" | "SCOLON" | "SCLN" => Some(","),
+            "PERIOD" | "DOT" => Some(":"),
+            "SLASH" | "SLSH" | "/" => Some("!"),
+            "M" => Some(","),
+            "W" => Some("Z"),
+            "Z" => Some("W"),
+            "Q" => Some("A"),
+            "A" => Some("Q"),
+            "," => Some(";"),
+            "." => Some(":"),
+            ";" => Some("M"),
+            "-" | "MINUS" | "MIN" => Some(")"),
+            "BRACKET_LEFT" | "LBRCKT" | "LBRC" | "[" => Some("^"),
+            "BRACKET_RIGHT" | "RBRCKT" | "RBRC" | "]" => Some("$"),
+            "BACKSLASH" | "BSLSH" | "\\" => Some("<"),
+            "APOSTROPHE" | "APO" | "QUOT" | "'" => Some("\u{00f9}"), // ù
+            "1" => Some("& 1"),
+            "2" => Some("\u{00e9} 2 ~"),    // é 2 ~
+            "3" => Some("\" 3 #"),
+            "4" => Some("' 4 }"),
+            "5" => Some("( 5 ["),
+            "6" => Some("- 6 |"),
+            "7" => Some("\u{00e8} 7 `"),     // è 7 `
+            "8" => Some("_ 8 \\"),
+            "9" => Some("\u{00e7} 9 ^"),     // ç 9 ^
+            "0" => Some("\u{00e0} 0 @"),     // à 0 @
+            _ => None,
+        },
+
+        KeyboardLayout::Qwertz => match key {
+            "Y" => Some("Z"),
+            "Z" => Some("Y"),
+            "MINUS" | "MIN" => Some("\u{00df}"),                  // ß
+            "EQUAL" | "EQL" => Some("'"),
+            "BRACKET_LEFT" | "LBRCKT" | "LBRC" => Some("\u{00fc}"), // ü
+            "BRACKET_RIGHT" | "RBRCKT" | "RBRC" => Some("+"),
+            "SEMICOLON" | "SCOLON" | "SCLN" => Some("\u{00f6}"),    // ö
+            "APOSTROPHE" | "APO" | "QUOT" => Some("\u{00e4}"),      // ä
+            "GRAVE" | "GRV" => Some("^"),
+            "SLASH" | "SLSH" => Some("-"),
+            "BACKSLASH" | "BSLSH" => Some("#"),
+            _ => None,
+        },
+
+        KeyboardLayout::Dvorak => match key {
+            "Q" => Some("'"),
+            "W" => Some(","),
+            "E" => Some("."),
+            "R" => Some("P"),
+            "T" => Some("Y"),
+            "Y" => Some("F"),
+            "U" => Some("G"),
+            "I" => Some("C"),
+            "O" => Some("R"),
+            "P" => Some("L"),
+            "A" => Some("A"),
+            "S" => Some("O"),
+            "D" => Some("E"),
+            "F" => Some("U"),
+            "G" => Some("I"),
+            "H" => Some("D"),
+            "J" => Some("H"),
+            "K" => Some("T"),
+            "L" => Some("N"),
+            "SEMICOLON" | "SCOLON" | "SCLN" => Some("S"),
+            "APOSTROPHE" | "APO" | "QUOT" => Some("-"),
+            "Z" => Some(";"),
+            "X" => Some("Q"),
+            "C" => Some("J"),
+            "V" => Some("K"),
+            "B" => Some("X"),
+            "N" => Some("B"),
+            "M" => Some("M"),
+            "COMMA" | "COMM" | "COMA" => Some("W"),
+            "PERIOD" | "DOT" => Some("V"),
+            "SLASH" | "SLSH" => Some("Z"),
+            "MINUS" | "MIN" => Some("["),
+            "EQUAL" | "EQL" => Some("]"),
+            "BRACKET_LEFT" | "LBRCKT" | "LBRC" => Some("/"),
+            "BRACKET_RIGHT" | "RBRCKT" | "RBRC" => Some("="),
+            _ => None,
+        },
+
+        KeyboardLayout::Colemak => match key {
+            "E" => Some("F"),
+            "R" => Some("P"),
+            "T" => Some("G"),
+            "Y" => Some("J"),
+            "U" => Some("L"),
+            "I" => Some("U"),
+            "O" => Some("Y"),
+            "P" => Some(";"),
+            "S" => Some("R"),
+            "D" => Some("S"),
+            "F" => Some("T"),
+            "G" => Some("D"),
+            "J" => Some("N"),
+            "K" => Some("E"),
+            "L" => Some("I"),
+            "SEMICOLON" | "SCOLON" | "SCLN" => Some("O"),
+            "N" => Some("K"),
+            _ => None,
+        },
+
+        KeyboardLayout::Bepo => match key {
+            "Q" => Some("B"),
+            "W" => Some("E"),
+            "E" => Some("P"),
+            "R" => Some("O"),
+            "T" => Some("E"),
+            "Y" => Some("^"),
+            "U" => Some("V"),
+            "I" => Some("D"),
+            "O" => Some("L"),
+            "P" => Some("J"),
+            "A" => Some("A"),
+            "S" => Some("U"),
+            "D" => Some("I"),
+            "F" => Some("E"),
+            "G" => Some(","),
+            "H" => Some("C"),
+            "J" => Some("T"),
+            "K" => Some("S"),
+            "L" => Some("R"),
+            "SEMICOLON" | "SCOLON" | "SCLN" => Some("N"),
+            "Z" => Some("A"),
+            "X" => Some("Y"),
+            "C" => Some("X"),
+            "V" => Some("."),
+            "B" => Some("K"),
+            "N" => Some("'"),
+            "M" => Some("Q"),
+            "COMMA" | "COMM" | "COMA" => Some("G"),
+            "PERIOD" | "DOT" => Some("H"),
+            "SLASH" | "SLSH" => Some("F"),
+            "1" => Some("\""),
+            "2" => Some("<"),
+            "3" => Some(">"),
+            "4" => Some("("),
+            "5" => Some(")"),
+            "6" => Some("@"),
+            "7" => Some("+"),
+            "8" => Some("-"),
+            "9" => Some("/"),
+            "0" => Some("*"),
+            _ => None,
+        },
+
+        KeyboardLayout::QwertyEs => match key {
+            "MINUS" | "MIN" => Some("'"),
+            "EQUAL" | "EQL" => Some("\u{00a1}"),                     // ¡
+            "BRACKET_LEFT" | "LBRCKT" | "LBRC" => Some("`"),
+            "BRACKET_RIGHT" | "RBRCKT" | "RBRC" => Some("+"),
+            "SEMICOLON" | "SCOLON" | "SCLN" => Some("\u{00f1}"),    // ñ
+            "APOSTROPHE" | "APO" | "QUOT" => Some("'"),
+            "GRAVE" | "GRV" => Some("\u{00ba}"),                     // º
+            "SLASH" | "SLSH" => Some("-"),
+            "BACKSLASH" | "BSLSH" => Some("\u{00e7}"),               // ç
+            _ => None,
+        },
+
+        KeyboardLayout::QwertyPt => match key {
+            "MINUS" | "MIN" => Some("'"),
+            "EQUAL" | "EQL" => Some("\u{00ab}"),                     // «
+            "BRACKET_LEFT" | "LBRCKT" | "LBRC" => Some("+"),
+            "BRACKET_RIGHT" | "RBRCKT" | "RBRC" => Some("'"),
+            "SEMICOLON" | "SCOLON" | "SCLN" => Some("\u{00e7}"),    // ç
+            "APOSTROPHE" | "APO" | "QUOT" => Some("\u{00ba}"),      // º
+            "GRAVE" | "GRV" => Some("\\"),
+            "SLASH" | "SLSH" => Some("-"),
+            "BACKSLASH" | "BSLSH" => Some("~"),
+            _ => None,
+        },
+
+        KeyboardLayout::QwertyIt => match key {
+            "MINUS" | "MIN" => Some("'"),
+            "EQUAL" | "EQL" => Some("\u{00ec}"),                     // ì
+            "BRACKET_LEFT" | "LBRCKT" | "LBRC" => Some("\u{00e8}"), // è
+            "BRACKET_RIGHT" | "RBRCKT" | "RBRC" => Some("+"),
+            "SEMICOLON" | "SCOLON" | "SCLN" => Some("\u{00f2}"),    // ò
+            "APOSTROPHE" | "APO" | "QUOT" => Some("\u{00e0}"),      // à
+            "GRAVE" | "GRV" => Some("\\"),
+            "SLASH" | "SLSH" => Some("-"),
+            "BACKSLASH" | "BSLSH" => Some("\u{00f9}"),              // ù
+            _ => None,
+        },
+
+        KeyboardLayout::QwertyNordic => match key {
+            "MINUS" | "MIN" => Some("+"),
+            "EQUAL" | "EQL" => Some("'"),
+            "BRACKET_LEFT" | "LBRCKT" | "LBRC" => Some("\u{00e5}"), // å
+            "BRACKET_RIGHT" | "RBRCKT" | "RBRC" => Some("\u{00a8}"), // ¨
+            "SEMICOLON" | "SCOLON" | "SCLN" => Some("\u{00f6}"),    // ö
+            "APOSTROPHE" | "APO" | "QUOT" => Some("\u{00e4}"),      // ä
+            "GRAVE" | "GRV" => Some("\u{00a7}"),                     // §
+            "SLASH" | "SLSH" => Some("-"),
+            "BACKSLASH" | "BSLSH" => Some("'"),
+            _ => None,
+        },
+
+        KeyboardLayout::QwertyBr => match key {
+            "MINUS" | "MIN" => Some("-"),
+            "EQUAL" | "EQL" => Some("="),
+            "BRACKET_LEFT" | "LBRCKT" | "LBRC" => Some("'"),
+            "BRACKET_RIGHT" | "RBRCKT" | "RBRC" => Some("["),
+            "SEMICOLON" | "SCOLON" | "SCLN" => Some("\u{00e7}"),    // ç
+            "APOSTROPHE" | "APO" | "QUOT" => Some("~"),
+            "GRAVE" | "GRV" => Some("'"),
+            "SLASH" | "SLSH" => Some(";"),
+            "BACKSLASH" | "BSLSH" => Some("]"),
+            _ => None,
+        },
+
+        KeyboardLayout::QwertyTr => match key {
+            "MINUS" | "MIN" => Some("*"),
+            "EQUAL" | "EQL" => Some("-"),
+            "BRACKET_LEFT" | "LBRCKT" | "LBRC" => Some("\u{011f}"), // ğ
+            "BRACKET_RIGHT" | "RBRCKT" | "RBRC" => Some("\u{00fc}"), // ü
+            "SEMICOLON" | "SCOLON" | "SCLN" => Some("\u{015f}"),    // ş
+            "APOSTROPHE" | "APO" | "QUOT" => Some("i"),
+            "GRAVE" | "GRV" => Some("\""),
+            "SLASH" | "SLSH" => Some("."),
+            "BACKSLASH" | "BSLSH" => Some(","),
+            _ => None,
+        },
+
+        KeyboardLayout::QwertyUk => match key {
+            "GRAVE" | "GRV" => Some("`"),
+            "MINUS" | "MIN" => Some("-"),
+            "EQUAL" | "EQL" => Some("="),
+            "BACKSLASH" | "BSLSH" => Some("#"),
+            "APOSTROPHE" | "APO" | "QUOT" => Some("'"),
+            _ => None,
+        },
+    }
+}
diff --git a/original-src/parsers.rs b/original-src/parsers.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6fed54a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/original-src/parsers.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,900 @@
+/// Parsing functions for firmware text and binary responses.
+/// Separated for testability.
+
+/// Keyboard physical dimensions (must match firmware).
+pub const ROWS: usize = 5;
+pub const COLS: usize = 13;
+
+/// Parse "TD0: 04,05,06,29" lines into an array of 8 tap dance slots.
+/// Each slot has 4 actions: [1-tap, 2-tap, 3-tap, hold].
+pub fn parse_td_lines(lines: &[String]) -> Vec<[u16; 4]> {
+    let mut result = vec![[0u16; 4]; 8];
+
+    for line in lines {
+        // Only process lines starting with "TD"
+        let starts_with_td = line.starts_with("TD");
+        if !starts_with_td {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // Find the colon separator: "TD0: ..."
+        let colon = match line.find(':') {
+            Some(i) => i,
+            None => continue,
+        };
+
+        // Extract the index between "TD" and ":"
+        let index_str = &line[2..colon];
+        let idx: usize = match index_str.parse() {
+            Ok(i) if i < 8 => i,
+            _ => continue,
+        };
+
+        // Parse the comma-separated hex values after the colon
+        let after_colon = &line[colon + 1..];
+        let trimmed_values = after_colon.trim();
+        let split_parts = trimmed_values.split(',');
+        let vals: Vec<u16> = split_parts
+            .filter_map(|s| {
+                let trimmed_part = s.trim();
+                u16::from_str_radix(trimmed_part, 16).ok()
+            })
+            .collect();
+
+        // We need exactly 4 values
+        let has_four_values = vals.len() == 4;
+        if has_four_values {
+            result[idx] = [vals[0], vals[1], vals[2], vals[3]];
+        }
+    }
+
+    result
+}
+
+/// Parse KO (Key Override) lines into arrays of [trigger, mod, result, res_mod].
+/// Format: "KO0: trigger=2A mod=02 -> result=4C resmod=00"
+pub fn parse_ko_lines(lines: &[String]) -> Vec<[u8; 4]> {
+    let mut result = Vec::new();
+
+    for line in lines {
+        // Only process lines starting with "KO"
+        let starts_with_ko = line.starts_with("KO");
+        if !starts_with_ko {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // Helper: extract hex value after a keyword like "trigger="
+        let parse_hex = |key: &str| -> u8 {
+            let key_position = line.find(key);
+
+            let after_key = match key_position {
+                Some(i) => {
+                    let rest = &line[i + key.len()..];
+                    let first_token = rest.split_whitespace().next();
+                    first_token
+                }
+                None => None,
+            };
+
+            let parsed_value = match after_key {
+                Some(s) => {
+                    let without_prefix = s.trim_start_matches("0x");
+                    u8::from_str_radix(without_prefix, 16).ok()
+                }
+                None => None,
+            };
+
+            parsed_value.unwrap_or(0)
+        };
+
+        let trigger = parse_hex("trigger=");
+        let modifier = parse_hex("mod=");
+        let result_key = parse_hex("result=");
+        let result_mod = parse_hex("resmod=");
+
+        result.push([trigger, modifier, result_key, result_mod]);
+    }
+
+    result
+}
+
+/// Parse heatmap lines (KEYSTATS? response).
+/// Format: "R0:   100    50    30    20    10     5     0    15    25    35    45    55    65"
+/// Returns (data[5][13], max_value).
+pub fn parse_heatmap_lines(lines: &[String]) -> (Vec<Vec<u32>>, u32) {
+    let mut data: Vec<Vec<u32>> = vec![vec![0u32; COLS]; ROWS];
+    let mut max = 0u32;
+
+    for line in lines {
+        let trimmed = line.trim();
+
+        // Only process lines starting with "R"
+        if !trimmed.starts_with('R') {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // Find the colon
+        let colon = match trimmed.find(':') {
+            Some(i) => i,
+            None => continue,
+        };
+
+        // Extract row number between "R" and ":"
+        let row_str = &trimmed[1..colon];
+        let row: usize = match row_str.parse() {
+            Ok(r) if r < ROWS => r,
+            _ => continue,
+        };
+
+        // Parse space-separated values after the colon
+        let values_str = &trimmed[colon + 1..];
+        for (col, token) in values_str.split_whitespace().enumerate() {
+            if col >= COLS {
+                break;
+            }
+            let count: u32 = token.parse().unwrap_or(0);
+            data[row][col] = count;
+            if count > max {
+                max = count;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    (data, max)
+}
+
+/// Parsed combo: [index, row1, col1, row2, col2, result_keycode]
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct ComboEntry {
+    pub index: u8,
+    pub r1: u8,
+    pub c1: u8,
+    pub r2: u8,
+    pub c2: u8,
+    pub result: u16,
+}
+
+/// Parse "COMBO0: r3c3+r3c4=29" lines.
+pub fn parse_combo_lines(lines: &[String]) -> Vec<ComboEntry> {
+    let mut result = Vec::new();
+
+    for line in lines {
+        let starts_with_combo = line.starts_with("COMBO");
+        if !starts_with_combo {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // Find colon: "COMBO0: ..."
+        let colon = match line.find(':') {
+            Some(i) => i,
+            None => continue,
+        };
+
+        // Index between "COMBO" and ":"
+        let index_str = &line[5..colon];
+        let index: u8 = match index_str.parse() {
+            Ok(i) => i,
+            _ => continue,
+        };
+
+        // After colon: "r3c3+r3c4=29"
+        let rest = line[colon + 1..].trim();
+
+        // Split by "="
+        let eq_parts: Vec<&str> = rest.split('=').collect();
+        let has_two_parts = eq_parts.len() == 2;
+        if !has_two_parts {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // Split left side by "+"
+        let key_parts: Vec<&str> = eq_parts[0].split('+').collect();
+        let has_two_keys = key_parts.len() == 2;
+        if !has_two_keys {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // Parse "r3c4" format
+        let pos1 = parse_rc(key_parts[0].trim());
+        let pos2 = parse_rc(key_parts[1].trim());
+
+        let (r1, c1) = match pos1 {
+            Some(rc) => rc,
+            None => continue,
+        };
+        let (r2, c2) = match pos2 {
+            Some(rc) => rc,
+            None => continue,
+        };
+
+        // Parse result keycode (hex)
+        let result_str = eq_parts[1].trim();
+        let result_code: u16 = match u16::from_str_radix(result_str, 16) {
+            Ok(v) => v,
+            _ => continue,
+        };
+
+        result.push(ComboEntry {
+            index,
+            r1,
+            c1,
+            r2,
+            c2,
+            result: result_code,
+        });
+    }
+
+    result
+}
+
+/// Parse "r3c4" into (row, col).
+fn parse_rc(s: &str) -> Option<(u8, u8)> {
+    let lower = s.to_lowercase();
+
+    let r_pos = lower.find('r');
+    let c_pos = lower.find('c');
+
+    let r_idx = match r_pos {
+        Some(i) => i,
+        None => return None,
+    };
+    let c_idx = match c_pos {
+        Some(i) => i,
+        None => return None,
+    };
+
+    let row_str = &lower[r_idx + 1..c_idx];
+    let col_str = &lower[c_idx + 1..];
+
+    let row: u8 = match row_str.parse() {
+        Ok(v) => v,
+        _ => return None,
+    };
+    let col: u8 = match col_str.parse() {
+        Ok(v) => v,
+        _ => return None,
+    };
+
+    Some((row, col))
+}
+
+/// Parsed leader sequence entry.
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct LeaderEntry {
+    pub index: u8,
+    pub sequence: Vec<u8>,  // HID keycodes
+    pub result: u8,
+    pub result_mod: u8,
+}
+
+/// Parse "LEADER0: 04,->29+00" lines.
+pub fn parse_leader_lines(lines: &[String]) -> Vec<LeaderEntry> {
+    let mut result = Vec::new();
+
+    for line in lines {
+        let starts_with_leader = line.starts_with("LEADER");
+        if !starts_with_leader {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        let colon = match line.find(':') {
+            Some(i) => i,
+            None => continue,
+        };
+
+        let index_str = &line[6..colon];
+        let index: u8 = match index_str.parse() {
+            Ok(i) => i,
+            _ => continue,
+        };
+
+        // After colon: "04,->29+00"
+        let rest = line[colon + 1..].trim();
+
+        // Split by "->"
+        let arrow_parts: Vec<&str> = rest.split("->").collect();
+        let has_two_parts = arrow_parts.len() == 2;
+        if !has_two_parts {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // Sequence: comma-separated hex keycodes (trailing comma OK)
+        let seq_str = arrow_parts[0].trim().trim_end_matches(',');
+        let sequence: Vec<u8> = seq_str
+            .split(',')
+            .filter_map(|s| {
+                let trimmed = s.trim();
+                u8::from_str_radix(trimmed, 16).ok()
+            })
+            .collect();
+
+        // Result: "29+00" = keycode + modifier
+        let result_parts: Vec<&str> = arrow_parts[1].trim().split('+').collect();
+        let has_result = result_parts.len() == 2;
+        if !has_result {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        let result_key = match u8::from_str_radix(result_parts[0].trim(), 16) {
+            Ok(v) => v,
+            _ => continue,
+        };
+        let result_mod = match u8::from_str_radix(result_parts[1].trim(), 16) {
+            Ok(v) => v,
+            _ => continue,
+        };
+
+        result.push(LeaderEntry {
+            index,
+            sequence,
+            result: result_key,
+            result_mod,
+        });
+    }
+
+    result
+}
+
+/// A single macro step: keycode + modifier, or delay.
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct MacroStep {
+    pub keycode: u8,
+    pub modifier: u8,
+}
+
+impl MacroStep {
+    /// Returns true if this step is a delay (keycode 0xFF).
+    pub fn is_delay(&self) -> bool {
+        self.keycode == 0xFF
+    }
+
+    /// Delay in milliseconds (modifier * 10).
+    pub fn delay_ms(&self) -> u32 {
+        self.modifier as u32 * 10
+    }
+}
+
+/// A parsed macro entry.
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct MacroEntry {
+    pub slot: u8,
+    pub name: String,
+    pub steps: Vec<MacroStep>,
+}
+
+/// Parse MACROS? text response.
+/// Lines can be like:
+///   "MACRO 0: CopyPaste [06:01,FF:0A,19:01]"
+///   "M0: name=CopyPaste steps=06:01,FF:0A,19:01"
+///   or just raw text lines
+pub fn parse_macro_lines(lines: &[String]) -> Vec<MacroEntry> {
+    let mut result = Vec::new();
+
+    for line in lines {
+        // Try format: "MACRO 0: name [steps]" or "M0: ..."
+        let trimmed = line.trim();
+
+        // Skip empty or header lines
+        let is_empty = trimmed.is_empty();
+        if is_empty {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // Try to find slot number
+        let has_macro_prefix = trimmed.starts_with("MACRO") || trimmed.starts_with("M");
+        if !has_macro_prefix {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        let colon = match trimmed.find(':') {
+            Some(i) => i,
+            None => continue,
+        };
+
+        // Extract slot number from prefix
+        let prefix_end = trimmed[..colon].trim();
+        let digits_start = prefix_end
+            .find(|c: char| c.is_ascii_digit())
+            .unwrap_or(prefix_end.len());
+        let slot_str = &prefix_end[digits_start..];
+        let slot: u8 = match slot_str.trim().parse() {
+            Ok(s) => s,
+            _ => continue,
+        };
+
+        let after_colon = trimmed[colon + 1..].trim();
+
+        // Try to parse name and steps from brackets: "CopyPaste [06:01,FF:0A,19:01]"
+        let bracket_start = after_colon.find('[');
+        let bracket_end = after_colon.find(']');
+
+        let (name, steps_str) = match (bracket_start, bracket_end) {
+            (Some(bs), Some(be)) => {
+                let name_part = after_colon[..bs].trim().to_string();
+                let steps_part = &after_colon[bs + 1..be];
+                (name_part, steps_part.to_string())
+            }
+            _ => {
+                // Try "name=X steps=Y" format
+                let name_eq = after_colon.find("name=");
+                let steps_eq = after_colon.find("steps=");
+                match (name_eq, steps_eq) {
+                    (Some(ni), Some(si)) => {
+                        let name_start = ni + 5;
+                        let name_end = si;
+                        let n = after_colon[name_start..name_end].trim().to_string();
+                        let s = after_colon[si + 6..].trim().to_string();
+                        (n, s)
+                    }
+                    _ => {
+                        // Just use the whole thing as name, no steps
+                        (after_colon.to_string(), String::new())
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        };
+
+        // Parse steps: "06:01,FF:0A,19:01"
+        let mut steps = Vec::new();
+        let has_steps = !steps_str.is_empty();
+        if has_steps {
+            let step_parts = steps_str.split(',');
+            for part in step_parts {
+                let step_trimmed = part.trim();
+                let kv: Vec<&str> = step_trimmed.split(':').collect();
+                let has_two = kv.len() == 2;
+                if !has_two {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                let key_byte = u8::from_str_radix(kv[0].trim(), 16).unwrap_or(0);
+                let mod_byte = u8::from_str_radix(kv[1].trim(), 16).unwrap_or(0);
+                steps.push(MacroStep {
+                    keycode: key_byte,
+                    modifier: mod_byte,
+                });
+            }
+        }
+
+        result.push(MacroEntry {
+            slot,
+            name,
+            steps,
+        });
+    }
+
+    result
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Binary payload parsers (protocol v2)
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// These functions parse the *payload* bytes extracted from a KR response frame.
+// They produce the same data types as the text parsers above.
+
+/// Parse TD_LIST (0x51) binary payload.
+/// Format: [count:u8] then count entries of [idx:u8][a1:u8][a2:u8][a3:u8][a4:u8].
+/// Returns Vec<[u16; 4]> with 8 slots (same shape as parse_td_lines).
+pub fn parse_td_binary(payload: &[u8]) -> Vec<[u16; 4]> {
+    let mut result = vec![[0u16; 4]; 8];
+
+    // Need at least 1 byte for count
+    let has_count = !payload.is_empty();
+    if !has_count {
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    let count = payload[0] as usize;
+    let entry_size = 5; // idx(1) + actions(4)
+    let mut offset = 1;
+
+    for _ in 0..count {
+        // Bounds check: need 5 bytes for this entry
+        let remaining = payload.len().saturating_sub(offset);
+        let enough_bytes = remaining >= entry_size;
+        if !enough_bytes {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        let idx = payload[offset] as usize;
+        let action1 = payload[offset + 1] as u16;
+        let action2 = payload[offset + 2] as u16;
+        let action3 = payload[offset + 3] as u16;
+        let action4 = payload[offset + 4] as u16;
+
+        let valid_index = idx < 8;
+        if valid_index {
+            result[idx] = [action1, action2, action3, action4];
+        }
+
+        offset += entry_size;
+    }
+
+    result
+}
+
+/// Parse COMBO_LIST (0x61) binary payload.
+/// Format: [count:u8] then count entries of [idx:u8][r1:u8][c1:u8][r2:u8][c2:u8][result:u8].
+pub fn parse_combo_binary(payload: &[u8]) -> Vec<ComboEntry> {
+    let mut result = Vec::new();
+
+    let has_count = !payload.is_empty();
+    if !has_count {
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    let count = payload[0] as usize;
+    let entry_size = 6; // idx + r1 + c1 + r2 + c2 + result
+    let mut offset = 1;
+
+    for _ in 0..count {
+        let remaining = payload.len().saturating_sub(offset);
+        let enough_bytes = remaining >= entry_size;
+        if !enough_bytes {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        let index = payload[offset];
+        let r1 = payload[offset + 1];
+        let c1 = payload[offset + 2];
+        let r2 = payload[offset + 3];
+        let c2 = payload[offset + 4];
+        let result_code = payload[offset + 5] as u16;
+
+        result.push(ComboEntry {
+            index,
+            r1,
+            c1,
+            r2,
+            c2,
+            result: result_code,
+        });
+
+        offset += entry_size;
+    }
+
+    result
+}
+
+/// Parse LEADER_LIST (0x71) binary payload.
+/// Format: [count:u8] then per entry: [idx:u8][seq_len:u8][seq: seq_len bytes][result:u8][result_mod:u8].
+pub fn parse_leader_binary(payload: &[u8]) -> Vec<LeaderEntry> {
+    let mut result = Vec::new();
+
+    let has_count = !payload.is_empty();
+    if !has_count {
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    let count = payload[0] as usize;
+    let mut offset = 1;
+
+    for _ in 0..count {
+        // Need at least idx(1) + seq_len(1)
+        let remaining = payload.len().saturating_sub(offset);
+        let enough_for_header = remaining >= 2;
+        if !enough_for_header {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        let index = payload[offset];
+        let seq_len = payload[offset + 1] as usize;
+        offset += 2;
+
+        // Need seq_len bytes for sequence + 2 bytes for result+result_mod
+        let remaining_after_header = payload.len().saturating_sub(offset);
+        let enough_for_body = remaining_after_header >= seq_len + 2;
+        if !enough_for_body {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        let sequence = payload[offset..offset + seq_len].to_vec();
+        offset += seq_len;
+
+        let result_key = payload[offset];
+        let result_mod = payload[offset + 1];
+        offset += 2;
+
+        result.push(LeaderEntry {
+            index,
+            sequence,
+            result: result_key,
+            result_mod,
+        });
+    }
+
+    result
+}
+
+/// Parse KO_LIST (0x92) binary payload.
+/// Format: [count:u8] then count entries of [idx:u8][trigger_key:u8][trigger_mod:u8][result_key:u8][result_mod:u8].
+/// Returns Vec<[u8; 4]> = [trigger_key, trigger_mod, result_key, result_mod] (same as parse_ko_lines).
+pub fn parse_ko_binary(payload: &[u8]) -> Vec<[u8; 4]> {
+    let mut result = Vec::new();
+
+    let has_count = !payload.is_empty();
+    if !has_count {
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    let count = payload[0] as usize;
+    let entry_size = 5; // idx + trigger_key + trigger_mod + result_key + result_mod
+    let mut offset = 1;
+
+    for _ in 0..count {
+        let remaining = payload.len().saturating_sub(offset);
+        let enough_bytes = remaining >= entry_size;
+        if !enough_bytes {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        // idx is payload[offset], but we skip it (not stored in output)
+        let trigger_key = payload[offset + 1];
+        let trigger_mod = payload[offset + 2];
+        let result_key = payload[offset + 3];
+        let result_mod = payload[offset + 4];
+
+        result.push([trigger_key, trigger_mod, result_key, result_mod]);
+
+        offset += entry_size;
+    }
+
+    result
+}
+
+/// Parse BT_QUERY (0x80) binary payload.
+/// Format: [active_slot:u8][initialized:u8][connected:u8][pairing:u8]
+///         then 3 slot entries: [slot_idx:u8][valid:u8][addr:6 bytes][name_len:u8][name: name_len bytes]
+/// Returns Vec<String> of text lines compatible with the UI (same shape as legacy text parsing).
+pub fn parse_bt_binary(payload: &[u8]) -> Vec<String> {
+    let mut lines = Vec::new();
+
+    // Need at least 4 bytes for the global state header
+    let enough_for_header = payload.len() >= 4;
+    if !enough_for_header {
+        return lines;
+    }
+
+    let active_slot = payload[0];
+    let initialized = payload[1];
+    let connected = payload[2];
+    let pairing = payload[3];
+
+    let status_line = format!(
+        "BT: slot={} init={} conn={} pairing={}",
+        active_slot, initialized, connected, pairing
+    );
+    lines.push(status_line);
+
+    let mut offset = 4;
+    let slot_count = 3;
+
+    for _ in 0..slot_count {
+        // Each slot: slot_idx(1) + valid(1) + addr(6) + name_len(1) = 9 bytes minimum
+        let remaining = payload.len().saturating_sub(offset);
+        let enough_for_slot_header = remaining >= 9;
+        if !enough_for_slot_header {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        let slot_idx = payload[offset];
+        let valid = payload[offset + 1];
+        let addr_bytes = &payload[offset + 2..offset + 8];
+        let name_len = payload[offset + 8] as usize;
+        offset += 9;
+
+        // Read the name string
+        let remaining_for_name = payload.len().saturating_sub(offset);
+        let enough_for_name = remaining_for_name >= name_len;
+        if !enough_for_name {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        let name_bytes = &payload[offset..offset + name_len];
+        let name = String::from_utf8_lossy(name_bytes).to_string();
+        offset += name_len;
+
+        // Format address as "XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX"
+        let addr_str = format!(
+            "{:02X}:{:02X}:{:02X}:{:02X}:{:02X}:{:02X}",
+            addr_bytes[0], addr_bytes[1], addr_bytes[2],
+            addr_bytes[3], addr_bytes[4], addr_bytes[5]
+        );
+
+        let slot_line = format!(
+            "BT slot {}: valid={} addr={} name={}",
+            slot_idx, valid, addr_str, name
+        );
+        lines.push(slot_line);
+    }
+
+    lines
+}
+
+/// Parse TAMA_QUERY (0xA0) binary payload (22 bytes fixed).
+/// Format: [enabled:u8][state:u8][hunger:u16 LE][happiness:u16 LE][energy:u16 LE]
+///         [health:u16 LE][level:u16 LE][xp:u16 LE][total_keys:u32 LE][max_kpm:u32 LE]
+/// Returns Vec<String> with one summary line.
+pub fn parse_tama_binary(payload: &[u8]) -> Vec<String> {
+    let expected_size = 22;
+    let enough_bytes = payload.len() >= expected_size;
+    if !enough_bytes {
+        return vec!["TAMA: invalid payload".to_string()];
+    }
+
+    let enabled = payload[0];
+    let _state = payload[1];
+
+    let hunger = u16::from_le_bytes([payload[2], payload[3]]);
+    let happiness = u16::from_le_bytes([payload[4], payload[5]]);
+    let energy = u16::from_le_bytes([payload[6], payload[7]]);
+    let health = u16::from_le_bytes([payload[8], payload[9]]);
+    let level = u16::from_le_bytes([payload[10], payload[11]]);
+    let _xp = u16::from_le_bytes([payload[12], payload[13]]);
+    let total_keys = u32::from_le_bytes([payload[14], payload[15], payload[16], payload[17]]);
+    let _max_kpm = u32::from_le_bytes([payload[18], payload[19], payload[20], payload[21]]);
+
+    let line = format!(
+        "TAMA: Lv{} hunger={} happy={} energy={} health={} keys={} enabled={}",
+        level, hunger, happiness, energy, health, total_keys, enabled
+    );
+
+    vec![line]
+}
+
+/// Parse WPM_QUERY (0x93) binary payload (2 bytes fixed).
+/// Format: [wpm:u16 LE]
+pub fn parse_wpm_binary(payload: &[u8]) -> String {
+    let enough_bytes = payload.len() >= 2;
+    if !enough_bytes {
+        return "WPM: 0".to_string();
+    }
+
+    let wpm = u16::from_le_bytes([payload[0], payload[1]]);
+
+    format!("WPM: {}", wpm)
+}
+
+/// Parse LIST_MACROS (0x30) binary payload.
+/// Format: [count:u8] then per entry:
+///   [idx:u8][keycode:u16 LE][name_len:u8][name: name_len bytes]
+///   [keys_len:u8][keys: keys_len bytes][step_count:u8][{kc:u8,mod:u8}... step_count*2 bytes]
+pub fn parse_macros_binary(payload: &[u8]) -> Vec<MacroEntry> {
+    let mut result = Vec::new();
+
+    let has_count = !payload.is_empty();
+    if !has_count {
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    let count = payload[0] as usize;
+    let mut offset = 1;
+
+    for _ in 0..count {
+        // Need at least: idx(1) + keycode(2) + name_len(1) = 4
+        let remaining = payload.len().saturating_sub(offset);
+        let enough_for_prefix = remaining >= 4;
+        if !enough_for_prefix {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        let slot = payload[offset];
+        // keycode is stored but not used in MacroEntry (it's the trigger keycode)
+        let _keycode = u16::from_le_bytes([payload[offset + 1], payload[offset + 2]]);
+        let name_len = payload[offset + 3] as usize;
+        offset += 4;
+
+        // Read name
+        let remaining_for_name = payload.len().saturating_sub(offset);
+        let enough_for_name = remaining_for_name >= name_len;
+        if !enough_for_name {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        let name_bytes = &payload[offset..offset + name_len];
+        let name = String::from_utf8_lossy(name_bytes).to_string();
+        offset += name_len;
+
+        // Read keys_len + keys (raw key bytes, skipped for MacroEntry)
+        let remaining_for_keys_len = payload.len().saturating_sub(offset);
+        let enough_for_keys_len = remaining_for_keys_len >= 1;
+        if !enough_for_keys_len {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        let keys_len = payload[offset] as usize;
+        offset += 1;
+
+        let remaining_for_keys = payload.len().saturating_sub(offset);
+        let enough_for_keys = remaining_for_keys >= keys_len;
+        if !enough_for_keys {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        // Skip the raw keys bytes
+        offset += keys_len;
+
+        // Read step_count + steps
+        let remaining_for_step_count = payload.len().saturating_sub(offset);
+        let enough_for_step_count = remaining_for_step_count >= 1;
+        if !enough_for_step_count {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        let step_count = payload[offset] as usize;
+        offset += 1;
+
+        let steps_byte_size = step_count * 2;
+        let remaining_for_steps = payload.len().saturating_sub(offset);
+        let enough_for_steps = remaining_for_steps >= steps_byte_size;
+        if !enough_for_steps {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        let mut steps = Vec::with_capacity(step_count);
+        for i in 0..step_count {
+            let step_offset = offset + i * 2;
+            let kc = payload[step_offset];
+            let md = payload[step_offset + 1];
+            steps.push(MacroStep {
+                keycode: kc,
+                modifier: md,
+            });
+        }
+        offset += steps_byte_size;
+
+        result.push(MacroEntry {
+            slot,
+            name,
+            steps,
+        });
+    }
+
+    result
+}
+
+/// Parse KEYSTATS_BIN (0x40) binary payload.
+/// Format: [rows:u8][cols:u8][counts: rows*cols * u32 LE]
+/// Returns (heatmap_data, max_value) — same shape as parse_heatmap_lines.
+pub fn parse_keystats_binary(payload: &[u8]) -> (Vec<Vec<u32>>, u32) {
+    // Need at least 2 bytes for rows and cols
+    let enough_for_header = payload.len() >= 2;
+    if !enough_for_header {
+        return (vec![], 0);
+    }
+
+    let rows = payload[0] as usize;
+    let cols = payload[1] as usize;
+    let total_cells = rows * cols;
+    let data_byte_size = total_cells * 4; // each count is u32 LE
+
+    let remaining = payload.len().saturating_sub(2);
+    let enough_for_data = remaining >= data_byte_size;
+    if !enough_for_data {
+        return (vec![], 0);
+    }
+
+    let mut data: Vec<Vec<u32>> = vec![vec![0u32; cols]; rows];
+    let mut max_value = 0u32;
+    let mut offset = 2;
+
+    for row in 0..rows {
+        for col in 0..cols {
+            let count = u32::from_le_bytes([
+                payload[offset],
+                payload[offset + 1],
+                payload[offset + 2],
+                payload[offset + 3],
+            ]);
+            data[row][col] = count;
+
+            let is_new_max = count > max_value;
+            if is_new_max {
+                max_value = count;
+            }
+
+            offset += 4;
+        }
+    }
+
+    (data, max_value)
+}
diff --git a/original-src/protocol.rs b/original-src/protocol.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..03f9b63
--- /dev/null
+++ b/original-src/protocol.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+#![allow(dead_code)]
+/// CDC protocol command helpers for KaSe keyboard firmware.
+
+// Text-based query commands
+pub const CMD_TAP_DANCE: &str = "TD?";
+pub const CMD_COMBOS: &str = "COMBO?";
+pub const CMD_LEADER: &str = "LEADER?";
+pub const CMD_KEY_OVERRIDE: &str = "KO?";
+pub const CMD_BT_STATUS: &str = "BT?";
+pub const CMD_WPM: &str = "WPM?";
+pub const CMD_TAMA: &str = "TAMA?";
+pub const CMD_MACROS_TEXT: &str = "MACROS?";
+pub const CMD_FEATURES: &str = "FEATURES?";
+pub const CMD_KEYSTATS: &str = "KEYSTATS?";
+pub const CMD_BIGRAMS: &str = "BIGRAMS?";
+
+pub fn cmd_set_key(layer: u8, row: u8, col: u8, keycode: u16) -> String {
+    format!("SETKEY {},{},{},{:04X}", layer, row, col, keycode)
+}
+
+pub fn cmd_set_layer_name(layer: u8, name: &str) -> String {
+    format!("LAYOUTNAME{}:{}", layer, name)
+}
+
+pub fn cmd_bt_switch(slot: u8) -> String {
+    format!("BT SWITCH {}", slot)
+}
+
+pub fn cmd_trilayer(l1: u8, l2: u8, l3: u8) -> String {
+    format!("TRILAYER {},{},{}", l1, l2, l3)
+}
+
+pub fn cmd_macroseq(slot: u8, name: &str, steps: &str) -> String {
+    format!("MACROSEQ {};{};{}", slot, name, steps)
+}
+
+pub fn cmd_macro_del(slot: u8) -> String {
+    format!("MACRODEL {}", slot)
+}
+
+pub fn cmd_comboset(index: u8, r1: u8, c1: u8, r2: u8, c2: u8, result: u8) -> String {
+    format!("COMBOSET {};{},{},{},{},{:02X}", index, r1, c1, r2, c2, result)
+}
+
+pub fn cmd_combodel(index: u8) -> String {
+    format!("COMBODEL {}", index)
+}
+
+pub fn cmd_koset(index: u8, trig_key: u8, trig_mod: u8, res_key: u8, res_mod: u8) -> String {
+    format!("KOSET {};{:02X},{:02X},{:02X},{:02X}", index, trig_key, trig_mod, res_key, res_mod)
+}
+
+pub fn cmd_kodel(index: u8) -> String {
+    format!("KODEL {}", index)
+}
+
+pub fn cmd_leaderset(index: u8, sequence: &[u8], result: u8, result_mod: u8) -> String {
+    let seq_hex: Vec<String> = sequence.iter().map(|k| format!("{:02X}", k)).collect();
+    let seq_str = seq_hex.join(",");
+    format!("LEADERSET {};{};{:02X},{:02X}", index, seq_str, result, result_mod)
+}
+
+pub fn cmd_leaderdel(index: u8) -> String {
+    format!("LEADERDEL {}", index)
+}
diff --git a/original-src/serial/mod.rs b/original-src/serial/mod.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cfc2f59
--- /dev/null
+++ b/original-src/serial/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+/// Serial communication module.
+/// Dispatches to native (serialport crate) or web (WebSerial API)
+/// depending on the target architecture.
+
+#[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+mod native;
+
+#[cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
+mod web;
+
+#[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+pub use native::*;
+
+#[cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
+pub use web::*;
diff --git a/original-src/serial/native.rs b/original-src/serial/native.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ebc91ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/original-src/serial/native.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,559 @@
+use serialport::SerialPort;
+use std::io::{BufRead, BufReader, Read, Write};
+use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
+use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
+
+use crate::binary_protocol::{self as bp, KrResponse};
+use crate::parsers::{ROWS, COLS};
+
+const BAUD_RATE: u32 = 115200;
+const CONNECT_TIMEOUT_MS: u64 = 300;
+const QUERY_TIMEOUT_MS: u64 = 800;
+const BINARY_READ_TIMEOUT_MS: u64 = 1500;
+const LEGACY_BINARY_SETTLE_MS: u64 = 50;
+const BINARY_SETTLE_MS: u64 = 30;
+const JSON_TIMEOUT_SECS: u64 = 3;
+
+pub struct SerialManager {
+    port: Option<Box<dyn SerialPort>>,
+    pub port_name: String,
+    pub connected: bool,
+    pub v2: bool, // true if firmware supports binary protocol v2
+}
+
+impl SerialManager {
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            port: None,
+            port_name: String::new(),
+            connected: false,
+            v2: false,
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[allow(dead_code)]
+    pub fn list_ports() -> Vec<String> {
+        let available = serialport::available_ports();
+        let ports = available.unwrap_or_default();
+        let port_iter = ports.into_iter();
+        let name_iter = port_iter.map(|p| p.port_name);
+        let names: Vec<String> = name_iter.collect();
+        names
+    }
+
+    pub fn connect(&mut self, port_name: &str) -> Result<(), String> {
+        let builder = serialport::new(port_name, BAUD_RATE);
+        let builder_with_timeout = builder.timeout(Duration::from_millis(CONNECT_TIMEOUT_MS));
+        let open_result = builder_with_timeout.open();
+        let port = open_result.map_err(|e| format!("Failed to open {}: {}", port_name, e))?;
+
+        self.port = Some(port);
+        self.port_name = port_name.to_string();
+        self.connected = true;
+        self.v2 = false;
+
+        // Detect v2: try PING
+        if let Some(p) = self.port.as_mut() {
+            let _ = p.clear(serialport::ClearBuffer::All);
+        }
+        std::thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(LEGACY_BINARY_SETTLE_MS));
+
+        let ping_result = self.send_binary(bp::cmd::PING, &[]);
+        if ping_result.is_ok() {
+            self.v2 = true;
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    pub fn auto_connect(&mut self) -> Result<String, String> {
+        let port_name = Self::find_kase_port()?;
+        self.connect(&port_name)?;
+        Ok(port_name)
+    }
+
+    pub fn find_kase_port() -> Result<String, String> {
+        const TARGET_VID: u16 = 0xCAFE;
+        const TARGET_PID: u16 = 0x4001;
+
+        let available = serialport::available_ports();
+        let ports = available.unwrap_or_default();
+        if ports.is_empty() {
+            return Err("No serial ports found".into());
+        }
+
+        // First pass: check USB VID/PID and product name
+        for port in &ports {
+            let port_type = &port.port_type;
+            match port_type {
+                serialport::SerialPortType::UsbPort(usb) => {
+                    let vid_matches = usb.vid == TARGET_VID;
+                    let pid_matches = usb.pid == TARGET_PID;
+                    if vid_matches && pid_matches {
+                        return Ok(port.port_name.clone());
+                    }
+
+                    match &usb.product {
+                        Some(product) => {
+                            let is_kase = product.contains("KaSe");
+                            let is_kesp = product.contains("KeSp");
+                            if is_kase || is_kesp {
+                                return Ok(port.port_name.clone());
+                            }
+                        }
+                        None => {}
+                    }
+                }
+                _ => {}
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Second pass (Linux only): check udevadm info
+        #[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
+        for port in &ports {
+            let udevadm_result = std::process::Command::new("udevadm")
+                .args(["info", "-n", &port.port_name])
+                .output();
+
+            match udevadm_result {
+                Ok(output) => {
+                    let stdout_bytes = &output.stdout;
+                    let text = String::from_utf8_lossy(stdout_bytes);
+                    let has_kase = text.contains("KaSe");
+                    let has_kesp = text.contains("KeSp");
+                    if has_kase || has_kesp {
+                        return Ok(port.port_name.clone());
+                    }
+                }
+                Err(_) => {}
+            }
+        }
+
+        let scanned_count = ports.len();
+        Err(format!("No KaSe keyboard found ({} port(s) scanned)", scanned_count))
+    }
+
+    pub fn port_mut(&mut self) -> Option<&mut Box<dyn SerialPort>> {
+        self.port.as_mut()
+    }
+
+    pub fn disconnect(&mut self) {
+        self.port = None;
+        self.port_name.clear();
+        self.connected = false;
+        self.v2 = false;
+    }
+
+    // ==================== LOW-LEVEL: ASCII LEGACY ====================
+
+    pub fn send_command(&mut self, cmd: &str) -> Result<(), String> {
+        let port = self.port.as_mut().ok_or("Not connected")?;
+        let data = format!("{}\r\n", cmd);
+        let bytes = data.as_bytes();
+
+        let write_result = port.write_all(bytes);
+        write_result.map_err(|e| format!("Write: {}", e))?;
+
+        let flush_result = port.flush();
+        flush_result.map_err(|e| format!("Flush: {}", e))?;
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    pub fn query_command(&mut self, cmd: &str) -> Result<Vec<String>, String> {
+        self.send_command(cmd)?;
+
+        let port = self.port.as_mut().ok_or("Not connected")?;
+        let cloned_port = port.try_clone();
+        let port_clone = cloned_port.map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
+        let mut reader = BufReader::new(port_clone);
+
+        let mut lines = Vec::new();
+        let start = Instant::now();
+        let max_wait = Duration::from_millis(QUERY_TIMEOUT_MS);
+
+        loop {
+            let elapsed = start.elapsed();
+            if elapsed > max_wait {
+                break;
+            }
+
+            let mut line = String::new();
+            let read_result = reader.read_line(&mut line);
+
+            match read_result {
+                Ok(0) => break,
+                Ok(_) => {
+                    let trimmed = line.trim().to_string();
+                    let is_terminal = trimmed == "OK" || trimmed == "ERROR";
+                    if is_terminal {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    let is_not_empty = !trimmed.is_empty();
+                    if is_not_empty {
+                        lines.push(trimmed);
+                    }
+                }
+                Err(_) => break,
+            }
+        }
+
+        Ok(lines)
+    }
+
+    fn read_raw(&mut self, timeout_ms: u64) -> Result<Vec<u8>, String> {
+        let port = self.port.as_mut().ok_or("Not connected")?;
+        let mut buf = vec![0u8; 4096];
+        let mut result = Vec::new();
+        let start = Instant::now();
+        let timeout = Duration::from_millis(timeout_ms);
+
+        while start.elapsed() < timeout {
+            let read_result = port.read(&mut buf);
+
+            match read_result {
+                Ok(n) if n > 0 => {
+                    let received_bytes = &buf[..n];
+                    result.extend_from_slice(received_bytes);
+                    std::thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(5));
+                }
+                _ => {
+                    let got_something = !result.is_empty();
+                    if got_something {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    std::thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(5));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        Ok(result)
+    }
+
+    /// Legacy C> binary protocol
+    fn query_legacy_binary(&mut self, cmd: &str) -> Result<(u8, Vec<u8>), String> {
+        self.send_command(cmd)?;
+        std::thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(LEGACY_BINARY_SETTLE_MS));
+        let raw = self.read_raw(BINARY_READ_TIMEOUT_MS)?;
+
+        // Look for the "C>" header in the raw bytes
+        let mut windows = raw.windows(2);
+        let header_search = windows.position(|w| w == b"C>");
+        let pos = header_search.ok_or("No C> header found")?;
+
+        let min_packet_size = pos + 5;
+        if raw.len() < min_packet_size {
+            return Err("Packet too short".into());
+        }
+
+        let cmd_type = raw[pos + 2];
+        let low_byte = raw[pos + 3] as u16;
+        let high_byte = (raw[pos + 4] as u16) << 8;
+        let data_len = low_byte | high_byte;
+
+        let data_start = pos + 5;
+        let data_end = data_start.checked_add(data_len as usize)
+            .ok_or("Data length overflow")?;
+
+        if raw.len() < data_end {
+            return Err(format!("Incomplete: need {}, got {}", data_end, raw.len()));
+        }
+
+        let payload = raw[data_start..data_end].to_vec();
+        Ok((cmd_type, payload))
+    }
+
+    // ==================== LOW-LEVEL: BINARY V2 ====================
+
+    /// Send a KS frame, read KR response.
+    pub fn send_binary(&mut self, cmd_id: u8, payload: &[u8]) -> Result<KrResponse, String> {
+        let frame = bp::ks_frame(cmd_id, payload);
+        let port = self.port.as_mut().ok_or("Not connected")?;
+
+        let write_result = port.write_all(&frame);
+        write_result.map_err(|e| format!("Write: {}", e))?;
+
+        let flush_result = port.flush();
+        flush_result.map_err(|e| format!("Flush: {}", e))?;
+
+        std::thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(BINARY_SETTLE_MS));
+        let raw = self.read_raw(BINARY_READ_TIMEOUT_MS)?;
+
+        let (resp, _remaining) = bp::parse_kr(&raw)?;
+        let firmware_ok = resp.is_ok();
+        if !firmware_ok {
+            let status = resp.status_name();
+            return Err(format!("Firmware error: {}", status));
+        }
+
+        Ok(resp)
+    }
+
+    // ==================== HIGH-LEVEL: AUTO V2/LEGACY ====================
+
+    pub fn get_firmware_version(&mut self) -> Option<String> {
+        // Try v2 binary first
+        if self.v2 {
+            let binary_result = self.send_binary(bp::cmd::VERSION, &[]);
+            match binary_result {
+                Ok(resp) => {
+                    let raw_bytes = &resp.payload;
+                    let lossy_string = String::from_utf8_lossy(raw_bytes);
+                    let version = lossy_string.to_string();
+                    return Some(version);
+                }
+                Err(_) => {}
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Legacy fallback
+        let query_result = self.query_command("VERSION?");
+        let lines = match query_result {
+            Ok(l) => l,
+            Err(_) => return None,
+        };
+        let mut line_iter = lines.into_iter();
+        let first_line = line_iter.next();
+        first_line
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_keymap(&mut self, layer: u8) -> Result<Vec<Vec<u16>>, String> {
+        // Try v2 binary first
+        if self.v2 {
+            let resp = self.send_binary(bp::cmd::KEYMAP_GET, &[layer])?;
+            let keymap = self.parse_keymap_payload(&resp.payload)?;
+            return Ok(keymap);
+        }
+
+        // Legacy
+        let cmd = format!("KEYMAP{}", layer);
+        let (cmd_type, data) = self.query_legacy_binary(&cmd)?;
+
+        if cmd_type != 1 {
+            return Err(format!("Unexpected cmd type: {}", cmd_type));
+        }
+        if data.len() < 2 {
+            return Err("Data too short".into());
+        }
+
+        // skip 2-byte layer index in legacy
+        let data_without_header = &data[2..];
+        self.parse_keymap_payload(data_without_header)
+    }
+
+    fn parse_keymap_payload(&self, data: &[u8]) -> Result<Vec<Vec<u16>>, String> {
+        // v2: [layer:u8][keycodes...] -- skip first byte
+        // legacy: already stripped
+        let expected_with_layer_byte = 1 + ROWS * COLS * 2;
+        let has_layer_byte = data.len() >= expected_with_layer_byte;
+        let offset = if has_layer_byte { 1 } else { 0 };
+        let kc_data = &data[offset..];
+
+        let needed_bytes = ROWS * COLS * 2;
+        if kc_data.len() < needed_bytes {
+            return Err(format!("Keymap data too short: {} bytes (need {})", kc_data.len(), needed_bytes));
+        }
+
+        let mut keymap = Vec::with_capacity(ROWS);
+
+        for row_index in 0..ROWS {
+            let mut row = Vec::with_capacity(COLS);
+
+            for col_index in 0..COLS {
+                let idx = (row_index * COLS + col_index) * 2;
+                let low_byte = kc_data[idx] as u16;
+                let high_byte = (kc_data[idx + 1] as u16) << 8;
+                let keycode = low_byte | high_byte;
+                row.push(keycode);
+            }
+
+            keymap.push(row);
+        }
+
+        Ok(keymap)
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_layer_names(&mut self) -> Result<Vec<String>, String> {
+        // Try v2 binary first
+        if self.v2 {
+            let resp = self.send_binary(bp::cmd::LIST_LAYOUTS, &[])?;
+
+            let payload = &resp.payload;
+            if payload.is_empty() {
+                return Err("Empty response".into());
+            }
+
+            let count = payload[0] as usize;
+            let mut names = Vec::with_capacity(count);
+            let mut i = 1;
+
+            for _ in 0..count {
+                let remaining = payload.len();
+                let need_header = i + 2;
+                if need_header > remaining {
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                let _layer_index = payload[i];
+                let name_len = payload[i + 1] as usize;
+                i += 2;
+
+                let need_name = i + name_len;
+                if need_name > payload.len() {
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                let name_bytes = &payload[i..i + name_len];
+                let name_lossy = String::from_utf8_lossy(name_bytes);
+                let name = name_lossy.to_string();
+                names.push(name);
+                i += name_len;
+            }
+
+            let found_names = !names.is_empty();
+            if found_names {
+                return Ok(names);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Legacy fallback: try C> binary protocol
+        let legacy_result = self.query_legacy_binary("LAYOUTS?");
+        match legacy_result {
+            Ok((cmd_type, data)) => {
+                let is_layout_type = cmd_type == 4;
+                let has_data = !data.is_empty();
+
+                if is_layout_type && has_data {
+                    let text = String::from_utf8_lossy(&data);
+                    let parts = text.split(';');
+                    let non_empty = parts.filter(|s| !s.is_empty());
+                    let trimmed_names = non_empty.map(|s| {
+                        let long_enough = s.len() > 1;
+                        if long_enough {
+                            s[1..].to_string()
+                        } else {
+                            s.to_string()
+                        }
+                    });
+                    let names: Vec<String> = trimmed_names.collect();
+
+                    let found_names = !names.is_empty();
+                    if found_names {
+                        return Ok(names);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            Err(_) => {}
+        }
+
+        // Last resort: raw text
+        self.send_command("LAYOUTS?")?;
+        std::thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(LEGACY_BINARY_SETTLE_MS * 2));
+        let raw = self.read_raw(BINARY_READ_TIMEOUT_MS)?;
+
+        let text = String::from_utf8_lossy(&raw);
+        let split_by_delimiters = text.split(|c: char| c == ';' || c == '\n');
+
+        let cleaned = split_by_delimiters.map(|s| {
+            let step1 = s.trim();
+            let step2 = step1.trim_matches(|c: char| c.is_control() || c == '"');
+            step2
+        });
+
+        let valid_names = cleaned.filter(|s| {
+            let is_not_empty = !s.is_empty();
+            let is_short_enough = s.len() < 30;
+            let no_header_marker = !s.contains("C>");
+            let not_ok = *s != "OK";
+            is_not_empty && is_short_enough && no_header_marker && not_ok
+        });
+
+        let as_strings = valid_names.map(|s| s.to_string());
+        let names: Vec<String> = as_strings.collect();
+
+        let found_any = !names.is_empty();
+        if found_any {
+            Ok(names)
+        } else {
+            Err("No layer names found".into())
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_layout_json(&mut self) -> Result<String, String> {
+        // Try v2 binary first
+        if self.v2 {
+            let resp = self.send_binary(bp::cmd::GET_LAYOUT_JSON, &[])?;
+            let has_payload = !resp.payload.is_empty();
+            if has_payload {
+                let raw_bytes = &resp.payload;
+                let lossy_string = String::from_utf8_lossy(raw_bytes);
+                let json = lossy_string.to_string();
+                return Ok(json);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Legacy: text brace-counting
+        self.send_command("LAYOUT?")?;
+        std::thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(LEGACY_BINARY_SETTLE_MS));
+
+        let port = self.port.as_mut().ok_or("Not connected")?;
+        let mut result = String::new();
+        let mut buf = [0u8; 4096];
+        let start = Instant::now();
+        let max_wait = Duration::from_secs(JSON_TIMEOUT_SECS);
+        let mut brace_count: i32 = 0;
+        let mut started = false;
+
+        while start.elapsed() < max_wait {
+            let read_result = port.read(&mut buf);
+
+            match read_result {
+                Ok(n) if n > 0 => {
+                    let received_bytes = &buf[..n];
+                    let chunk = String::from_utf8_lossy(received_bytes);
+
+                    for ch in chunk.chars() {
+                        let is_open_brace = ch == '{';
+                        if is_open_brace {
+                            started = true;
+                            brace_count += 1;
+                        }
+
+                        if started {
+                            result.push(ch);
+                        }
+
+                        let is_close_brace = ch == '}';
+                        if is_close_brace && started {
+                            brace_count -= 1;
+                            let json_complete = brace_count == 0;
+                            if json_complete {
+                                return Ok(result);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                _ => {
+                    std::thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(10));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        let got_nothing = result.is_empty();
+        if got_nothing {
+            Err("No JSON".into())
+        } else {
+            Err("Incomplete JSON".into())
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Thread-safe wrapper
+pub type SharedSerial = Arc<Mutex<SerialManager>>;
+
+pub fn new_shared() -> SharedSerial {
+    let manager = SerialManager::new();
+    let mutex = Mutex::new(manager);
+    let shared = Arc::new(mutex);
+    shared
+}
diff --git a/original-src/settings.rs b/original-src/settings.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..531200f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/original-src/settings.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+/// Persistent settings for KaSe Controller.
+///
+/// - **Native**: `kase_settings.json` next to the executable.
+/// - **WASM**: `localStorage` under key `"kase_settings"`.
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct Settings {
+    #[serde(default = "default_layout")]
+    pub keyboard_layout: String,
+}
+
+fn default_layout() -> String {
+    "QWERTY".to_string()
+}
+
+impl Default for Settings {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            keyboard_layout: default_layout(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// =============================================================================
+// Native: JSON file next to executable
+// =============================================================================
+
+#[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+mod native_settings {
+    use super::Settings;
+    use std::path::PathBuf;
+
+    /// Config file path: next to the executable.
+    fn settings_path() -> PathBuf {
+        let exe = std::env::current_exe().unwrap_or_default();
+        let parent_dir = exe.parent().unwrap_or(std::path::Path::new("."));
+        parent_dir.join("kase_settings.json")
+    }
+
+    pub fn load() -> Settings {
+        let path = settings_path();
+        let json_content = std::fs::read_to_string(&path).ok();
+        let parsed = json_content.and_then(|s| serde_json::from_str(&s).ok());
+        parsed.unwrap_or_default()
+    }
+
+    pub fn save(settings: &Settings) {
+        let path = settings_path();
+        let json_result = serde_json::to_string_pretty(settings);
+        if let Ok(json) = json_result {
+            let _ = std::fs::write(path, json);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// =============================================================================
+// WASM: browser localStorage
+// =============================================================================
+
+#[cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
+mod web_settings {
+    use super::Settings;
+
+    const STORAGE_KEY: &str = "kase_settings";
+
+    /// Get localStorage. Returns None if not in a browser context.
+    fn get_storage() -> Option<web_sys::Storage> {
+        let window = web_sys::window()?;
+        window.local_storage().ok().flatten()
+    }
+
+    pub fn load() -> Settings {
+        let storage = match get_storage() {
+            Some(s) => s,
+            None => return Settings::default(),
+        };
+
+        let json_option = storage.get_item(STORAGE_KEY).ok().flatten();
+        let parsed = json_option.and_then(|s| serde_json::from_str(&s).ok());
+        parsed.unwrap_or_default()
+    }
+
+    pub fn save(settings: &Settings) {
+        let storage = match get_storage() {
+            Some(s) => s,
+            None => return,
+        };
+
+        let json_result = serde_json::to_string(settings);
+        if let Ok(json) = json_result {
+            let _ = storage.set_item(STORAGE_KEY, &json);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// =============================================================================
+// Public interface
+// =============================================================================
+
+/// Load settings from persistent storage.
+/// Returns `Settings::default()` if none found.
+pub fn load() -> Settings {
+    #[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+    return native_settings::load();
+
+    #[cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
+    return web_settings::load();
+}
+
+/// Save settings to persistent storage. Fails silently.
+pub fn save(settings: &Settings) {
+    #[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+    native_settings::save(settings);
+
+    #[cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
+    web_settings::save(settings);
+}
diff --git a/original-src/stats_analyzer.rs b/original-src/stats_analyzer.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a14e755
--- /dev/null
+++ b/original-src/stats_analyzer.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,335 @@
+/// Stats analysis: hand balance, finger load, row usage, top keys, bigrams.
+/// Transforms raw heatmap data into structured analysis for the stats tab.
+
+use crate::keycode;
+use crate::parsers::ROWS;
+
+/// Which hand a column belongs to.
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq)]
+pub enum Hand {
+    Left,
+    Right,
+}
+
+/// Which finger a column belongs to.
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq)]
+pub enum Finger {
+    Pinky,
+    Ring,
+    Middle,
+    Index,
+    Thumb,
+}
+
+/// Row names for the 5 rows.
+const ROW_NAMES: [&str; 5] = ["Number", "Upper", "Home", "Lower", "Thumb"];
+
+/// Finger names (French).
+const FINGER_NAMES: [&str; 5] = ["Pinky", "Ring", "Middle", "Index", "Thumb"];
+
+/// Map column index → (Hand, Finger).
+/// KaSe layout: cols 0-5 = left hand, cols 6 (gap), cols 7-12 = right hand.
+fn col_to_hand_finger(col: usize) -> (Hand, Finger) {
+    match col {
+        0 => (Hand::Left, Finger::Pinky),
+        1 => (Hand::Left, Finger::Ring),
+        2 => (Hand::Left, Finger::Middle),
+        3 => (Hand::Left, Finger::Index),
+        4 => (Hand::Left, Finger::Index),   // inner column, still index
+        5 => (Hand::Left, Finger::Thumb),
+        6 => (Hand::Left, Finger::Thumb),   // center / gap
+        7 => (Hand::Right, Finger::Thumb),
+        8 => (Hand::Right, Finger::Index),
+        9 => (Hand::Right, Finger::Index),  // inner column
+        10 => (Hand::Right, Finger::Middle),
+        11 => (Hand::Right, Finger::Ring),
+        12 => (Hand::Right, Finger::Pinky),
+        _ => (Hand::Left, Finger::Pinky),
+    }
+}
+
+/// Hand balance result.
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+pub struct HandBalance {
+    pub left_count: u32,
+    pub right_count: u32,
+    pub total: u32,
+    pub left_pct: f32,
+    pub right_pct: f32,
+}
+
+/// Finger load for one finger.
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+pub struct FingerLoad {
+    pub name: String,
+    pub hand: Hand,
+    pub count: u32,
+    pub pct: f32,
+}
+
+/// Row usage for one row.
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+pub struct RowUsage {
+    pub name: String,
+    pub row: usize,
+    pub count: u32,
+    pub pct: f32,
+}
+
+/// A key in the top keys ranking.
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+pub struct TopKey {
+    pub name: String,
+    pub finger: String,
+    pub count: u32,
+    pub pct: f32,
+}
+
+/// Compute hand balance from heatmap data.
+pub fn hand_balance(heatmap: &[Vec<u32>]) -> HandBalance {
+    let mut left: u32 = 0;
+    let mut right: u32 = 0;
+
+    for row in heatmap {
+        for (c, &count) in row.iter().enumerate() {
+            let (hand, _) = col_to_hand_finger(c);
+            match hand {
+                Hand::Left => left += count,
+                Hand::Right => right += count,
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    let total = left + right;
+    let left_pct = if total > 0 { left as f32 / total as f32 * 100.0 } else { 0.0 };
+    let right_pct = if total > 0 { right as f32 / total as f32 * 100.0 } else { 0.0 };
+
+    HandBalance { left_count: left, right_count: right, total, left_pct, right_pct }
+}
+
+/// Compute finger load (10 fingers: 5 left + 5 right).
+pub fn finger_load(heatmap: &[Vec<u32>]) -> Vec<FingerLoad> {
+    let mut counts = [[0u32; 5]; 2]; // [hand][finger]
+
+    for row in heatmap {
+        for (c, &count) in row.iter().enumerate() {
+            let (hand, finger) = col_to_hand_finger(c);
+            let hi = if hand == Hand::Left { 0 } else { 1 };
+            let fi = match finger {
+                Finger::Pinky => 0,
+                Finger::Ring => 1,
+                Finger::Middle => 2,
+                Finger::Index => 3,
+                Finger::Thumb => 4,
+            };
+            counts[hi][fi] += count;
+        }
+    }
+
+    let total: u32 = counts[0].iter().sum::<u32>() + counts[1].iter().sum::<u32>();
+    let mut result = Vec::with_capacity(10);
+
+    // Left hand fingers
+    for fi in 0..5 {
+        let count = counts[0][fi];
+        let pct = if total > 0 { count as f32 / total as f32 * 100.0 } else { 0.0 };
+        let name = format!("{} L", FINGER_NAMES[fi]);
+        result.push(FingerLoad { name, hand: Hand::Left, count, pct });
+    }
+
+    // Right hand fingers
+    for fi in 0..5 {
+        let count = counts[1][fi];
+        let pct = if total > 0 { count as f32 / total as f32 * 100.0 } else { 0.0 };
+        let name = format!("{} R", FINGER_NAMES[fi]);
+        result.push(FingerLoad { name, hand: Hand::Right, count, pct });
+    }
+
+    result
+}
+
+/// Compute row usage.
+pub fn row_usage(heatmap: &[Vec<u32>]) -> Vec<RowUsage> {
+    let mut row_counts = [0u32; ROWS];
+
+    for (r, row) in heatmap.iter().enumerate() {
+        if r >= ROWS { break; }
+        let row_sum: u32 = row.iter().sum();
+        row_counts[r] = row_sum;
+    }
+
+    let total: u32 = row_counts.iter().sum();
+    let mut result = Vec::with_capacity(ROWS);
+
+    for r in 0..ROWS {
+        let count = row_counts[r];
+        let pct = if total > 0 { count as f32 / total as f32 * 100.0 } else { 0.0 };
+        let name = ROW_NAMES[r].to_string();
+        result.push(RowUsage { name, row: r, count, pct });
+    }
+
+    result
+}
+
+/// Compute top N keys by press count.
+pub fn top_keys(heatmap: &[Vec<u32>], keymap: &[Vec<u16>], n: usize) -> Vec<TopKey> {
+    let mut all_keys: Vec<(u32, usize, usize)> = Vec::new(); // (count, row, col)
+
+    for (r, row) in heatmap.iter().enumerate() {
+        for (c, &count) in row.iter().enumerate() {
+            if count > 0 {
+                all_keys.push((count, r, c));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    all_keys.sort_by(|a, b| b.0.cmp(&a.0));
+    all_keys.truncate(n);
+
+    let total: u32 = heatmap.iter().flat_map(|r| r.iter()).sum();
+
+    let mut result = Vec::with_capacity(n);
+    for (count, r, c) in all_keys {
+        let code = keymap.get(r).and_then(|row| row.get(c)).copied().unwrap_or(0);
+        let name = keycode::decode_keycode(code);
+        let (hand, finger) = col_to_hand_finger(c);
+        let hand_str = if hand == Hand::Left { "L" } else { "R" };
+        let finger_str = match finger {
+            Finger::Pinky => "Pinky",
+            Finger::Ring => "Ring",
+            Finger::Middle => "Middle",
+            Finger::Index => "Index",
+            Finger::Thumb => "Thumb",
+        };
+        let finger_label = format!("{} {}", finger_str, hand_str);
+        let pct = if total > 0 { count as f32 / total as f32 * 100.0 } else { 0.0 };
+        result.push(TopKey { name, finger: finger_label, count, pct });
+    }
+
+    result
+}
+
+/// Find keys that have never been pressed (count = 0, keycode != 0).
+pub fn dead_keys(heatmap: &[Vec<u32>], keymap: &[Vec<u16>]) -> Vec<String> {
+    let mut result = Vec::new();
+    for (r, row) in heatmap.iter().enumerate() {
+        for (c, &count) in row.iter().enumerate() {
+            if count > 0 { continue; }
+            let code = keymap.get(r).and_then(|row| row.get(c)).copied().unwrap_or(0);
+            let is_mapped = code != 0;
+            if is_mapped {
+                let name = keycode::decode_keycode(code);
+                result.push(name);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    result
+}
+
+// ==================== Bigram analysis ====================
+
+/// A parsed bigram entry.
+pub struct BigramEntry {
+    pub from_row: u8,
+    pub from_col: u8,
+    pub to_row: u8,
+    pub to_col: u8,
+    pub count: u32,
+}
+
+/// Bigram analysis results.
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+pub struct BigramAnalysis {
+    pub total: u32,
+    pub alt_hand: u32,
+    pub same_hand: u32,
+    pub sfb: u32,
+    pub alt_hand_pct: f32,
+    pub same_hand_pct: f32,
+    pub sfb_pct: f32,
+}
+
+/// Parse bigram text lines from firmware.
+/// Format: "  R2C3 -> R2C4 : 150"
+pub fn parse_bigram_lines(lines: &[String]) -> Vec<BigramEntry> {
+    let mut entries = Vec::new();
+
+    for line in lines {
+        let trimmed = line.trim();
+        let has_arrow = trimmed.contains("->");
+        if !has_arrow { continue; }
+
+        let parts: Vec<&str> = trimmed.split("->").collect();
+        if parts.len() != 2 { continue; }
+
+        let left = parts[0].trim();
+        let right_and_count = parts[1].trim();
+
+        let right_parts: Vec<&str> = right_and_count.split(':').collect();
+        if right_parts.len() != 2 { continue; }
+
+        let right = right_parts[0].trim();
+        let count_str = right_parts[1].trim();
+
+        let from = parse_rc(left);
+        let to = parse_rc(right);
+        let count: u32 = count_str.parse().unwrap_or(0);
+
+        if let (Some((fr, fc)), Some((tr, tc))) = (from, to) {
+            entries.push(BigramEntry {
+                from_row: fr, from_col: fc,
+                to_row: tr, to_col: tc,
+                count,
+            });
+        }
+    }
+
+    entries
+}
+
+/// Parse "R2C3" into (row, col).
+fn parse_rc(s: &str) -> Option<(u8, u8)> {
+    let s = s.trim();
+    let r_pos = s.find('R')?;
+    let c_pos = s.find('C')?;
+    if c_pos <= r_pos { return None; }
+
+    let row_str = &s[r_pos + 1..c_pos];
+    let col_str = &s[c_pos + 1..];
+    let row: u8 = row_str.parse().ok()?;
+    let col: u8 = col_str.parse().ok()?;
+    Some((row, col))
+}
+
+/// Analyze bigram entries for hand alternation and SFB.
+pub fn analyze_bigrams(entries: &[BigramEntry]) -> BigramAnalysis {
+    let mut alt_hand: u32 = 0;
+    let mut same_hand: u32 = 0;
+    let mut sfb: u32 = 0;
+    let mut total: u32 = 0;
+
+    for entry in entries {
+        let (hand_from, finger_from) = col_to_hand_finger(entry.from_col as usize);
+        let (hand_to, finger_to) = col_to_hand_finger(entry.to_col as usize);
+
+        total += entry.count;
+
+        if hand_from != hand_to {
+            alt_hand += entry.count;
+        } else {
+            same_hand += entry.count;
+            if finger_from == finger_to {
+                sfb += entry.count;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    let alt_hand_pct = if total > 0 { alt_hand as f32 / total as f32 * 100.0 } else { 0.0 };
+    let same_hand_pct = if total > 0 { same_hand as f32 / total as f32 * 100.0 } else { 0.0 };
+    let sfb_pct = if total > 0 { sfb as f32 / total as f32 * 100.0 } else { 0.0 };
+
+    BigramAnalysis {
+        total, alt_hand, same_hand, sfb,
+        alt_hand_pct, same_hand_pct, sfb_pct,
+    }
+}
diff --git a/original-src/ui_background.rs b/original-src/ui_background.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1c92af9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/original-src/ui_background.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,263 @@
+use super::BgResult;
+
+/// Map a query tag to its binary command ID.
+#[cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
+use crate::binary_protocol as bp;
+#[cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
+fn tag_to_binary_cmd(tag: &str) -> Option<u8> {
+    match tag {
+        "td" => Some(bp::cmd::TD_LIST),
+        "combo" => Some(bp::cmd::COMBO_LIST),
+        "leader" => Some(bp::cmd::LEADER_LIST),
+        "ko" => Some(bp::cmd::KO_LIST),
+        "bt" => Some(bp::cmd::BT_QUERY),
+        "tama" => Some(bp::cmd::TAMA_QUERY),
+        "wpm" => Some(bp::cmd::WPM_QUERY),
+        "macros" => Some(bp::cmd::LIST_MACROS),
+        "keystats" => Some(bp::cmd::KEYSTATS_BIN),
+        "features" => Some(bp::cmd::FEATURES),
+        _ => None,
+    }
+}
+
+impl super::KaSeApp {
+    // ---- Background helpers ----
+
+    #[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+    pub(super) fn bg_query(&mut self, tag: &str, cmd: &str) {
+        self.busy = true;
+        let serial = self.serial.clone();
+        let tx = self.bg_tx.clone();
+        let tag = tag.to_string();
+        let cmd = cmd.to_string();
+
+        std::thread::spawn(move || {
+            let mut ser = serial.lock().unwrap_or_else(|p| p.into_inner());
+            let lines = ser.query_command(&cmd).unwrap_or_default();
+            let _ = tx.send(BgResult::TextLines(tag, lines));
+        });
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
+    pub(super) fn bg_query(&mut self, tag: &str, cmd: &str) {
+        if self.web_busy.get() { return; }
+        self.busy = true;
+        self.web_busy.set(true);
+        let serial = self.serial.clone();
+        let tx = self.bg_tx.clone();
+        let web_busy = self.web_busy.clone();
+        let tag = tag.to_string();
+        let cmd = cmd.to_string();
+
+        wasm_bindgen_futures::spawn_local(async move {
+            let v2 = serial.borrow().v2;
+            let handles = serial.borrow().io_handles();
+            if let Ok((reader, writer)) = handles {
+                if let Some(cmd_id) = v2.then(|| tag_to_binary_cmd(&tag)).flatten() {
+                    match crate::serial::send_binary(&reader, &writer, cmd_id, &[]).await {
+                        Ok(resp) => {
+                            let _ = tx.send(BgResult::BinaryPayload(tag, resp.payload));
+                        }
+                        Err(_) => {}
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    let result = crate::serial::query_command(&reader, &writer, &cmd).await;
+                    match result {
+                        Ok(lines) => {
+                            let _ = tx.send(BgResult::TextLines(tag, lines));
+                        }
+                        Err(e) => {
+                            if e == "timeout_refresh" {
+                                serial.borrow_mut().refresh_reader();
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            web_busy.set(false);
+        });
+    }
+
+    /// Run multiple queries sequentially (avoids mutex contention).
+    #[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+    pub(super) fn bg_query_batch(&mut self, queries: &[(&str, &str)]) {
+        self.busy = true;
+        let serial = self.serial.clone();
+        let tx = self.bg_tx.clone();
+
+        let owned_queries: Vec<(String, String)> = queries
+            .iter()
+            .map(|(t, c)| (t.to_string(), c.to_string()))
+            .collect();
+
+        std::thread::spawn(move || {
+            let mut ser = serial.lock().unwrap_or_else(|p| p.into_inner());
+
+            for (tag, cmd) in owned_queries {
+                let lines = ser.query_command(&cmd).unwrap_or_default();
+                let _ = tx.send(BgResult::TextLines(tag, lines));
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
+    pub(super) fn bg_query_batch(&mut self, queries: &[(&str, &str)]) {
+        if self.web_busy.get() { return; }
+        self.busy = true;
+        self.web_busy.set(true);
+        let serial = self.serial.clone();
+        let tx = self.bg_tx.clone();
+        let web_busy = self.web_busy.clone();
+
+        let owned: Vec<(String, String)> = queries
+            .iter()
+            .map(|(t, c)| (t.to_string(), c.to_string()))
+            .collect();
+
+        wasm_bindgen_futures::spawn_local(async move {
+            let v2 = serial.borrow().v2;
+
+            for (tag, text_cmd) in &owned {
+                let handles = serial.borrow().io_handles();
+                let (reader, writer) = match handles {
+                    Ok(h) => h,
+                    Err(_) => break,
+                };
+
+                if let Some(cmd_id) = v2.then(|| tag_to_binary_cmd(tag)).flatten() {
+                    match crate::serial::send_binary(&reader, &writer, cmd_id, &[]).await {
+                        Ok(resp) => {
+                            let _ = tx.send(BgResult::BinaryPayload(tag.clone(), resp.payload));
+                        }
+                        Err(_) => {}
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    match crate::serial::query_command(&reader, &writer, text_cmd).await {
+                        Ok(lines) => {
+                            let _ = tx.send(BgResult::TextLines(tag.clone(), lines));
+                        }
+                        Err(e) => {
+                            if e == "timeout_refresh" {
+                                serial.borrow_mut().refresh_reader();
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            web_busy.set(false);
+        });
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+    pub(super) fn bg_send(&self, cmd: &str) {
+        let serial = self.serial.clone();
+        let cmd = cmd.to_string();
+
+        std::thread::spawn(move || {
+            let mut ser = serial.lock().unwrap_or_else(|p| p.into_inner());
+            let _ = ser.send_command(&cmd);
+        });
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
+    pub(super) fn bg_send(&self, cmd: &str) {
+        let serial = self.serial.clone();
+        let cmd = cmd.to_string();
+
+        wasm_bindgen_futures::spawn_local(async move {
+            let handles = serial.borrow().io_handles();
+            if let Ok((_reader, writer)) = handles {
+                let _ = crate::serial::send_command(&writer, &cmd).await;
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    // ---- Data helpers ----
+
+    #[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+    pub(super) fn load_keymap(&mut self) {
+        self.busy = true;
+        let serial = self.serial.clone();
+        let tx = self.bg_tx.clone();
+        let layer = self.current_layer as u8;
+
+        std::thread::spawn(move || {
+            let mut ser = serial.lock().unwrap_or_else(|p| p.into_inner());
+
+            match ser.get_keymap(layer) {
+                Ok(km) => { let _ = tx.send(BgResult::Keymap(km)); }
+                Err(e) => { let _ = tx.send(BgResult::Error(e)); }
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
+    pub(super) fn load_keymap(&mut self) {
+        if self.web_busy.get() { return; }
+        self.busy = true;
+        self.web_busy.set(true);
+        let serial = self.serial.clone();
+        let tx = self.bg_tx.clone();
+        let web_busy = self.web_busy.clone();
+        let layer = self.current_layer as u8;
+
+        wasm_bindgen_futures::spawn_local(async move {
+            let ser = serial.borrow();
+            let v2 = ser.v2;
+            let handles = ser.io_handles();
+            drop(ser);
+            match handles {
+                Ok((reader, writer)) => {
+                    match crate::serial::get_keymap(&reader, &writer, layer, v2).await {
+                        Ok(km) => { let _ = tx.send(BgResult::Keymap(km)); }
+                        Err(e) => { let _ = tx.send(BgResult::Error(e)); }
+                    }
+                }
+                Err(e) => { let _ = tx.send(BgResult::Error(e)); }
+            }
+            web_busy.set(false);
+        });
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+    pub(super) fn load_layer_names(&self) {
+        let serial = self.serial.clone();
+        let tx = self.bg_tx.clone();
+
+        std::thread::spawn(move || {
+            let mut ser = serial.lock().unwrap_or_else(|p| p.into_inner());
+
+            match ser.get_layer_names() {
+                Ok(names) if !names.is_empty() => {
+                    let _ = tx.send(BgResult::LayerNames(names));
+                }
+                _ => {}
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
+    pub(super) fn load_layer_names(&self) {
+        if self.web_busy.get() { return; }
+        self.web_busy.set(true);
+        let serial = self.serial.clone();
+        let tx = self.bg_tx.clone();
+        let web_busy = self.web_busy.clone();
+
+        wasm_bindgen_futures::spawn_local(async move {
+            let ser = serial.borrow();
+            let v2 = ser.v2;
+            let handles = ser.io_handles();
+            drop(ser);
+            if let Ok((reader, writer)) = handles {
+                match crate::serial::get_layer_names(&reader, &writer, v2).await {
+                    Ok(names) if !names.is_empty() => {
+                        let _ = tx.send(BgResult::LayerNames(names));
+                    }
+                    _ => {}
+                }
+            }
+            web_busy.set(false);
+        });
+    }
+}
diff --git a/original-src/ui_connection.rs b/original-src/ui_connection.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a8376ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/original-src/ui_connection.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+use super::BgResult;
+
+#[cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
+use eframe::egui;
+
+impl super::KaSeApp {
+    // ---- Connection helpers ----
+
+    #[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+    pub(super) fn is_connected(&self) -> bool {
+        // Utilise le cache — PAS de serial.lock() ici !
+        // Sinon le thread UI bloque quand un thread background
+        // (OTA, query batch) tient le lock.
+        self.connected_cache
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
+    pub(super) fn is_connected(&self) -> bool {
+        let ser = self.serial.borrow();
+        ser.connected
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+    pub(super) fn connect(&mut self) {
+        let serial = self.serial.clone();
+        let tx = self.bg_tx.clone();
+        self.busy = true;
+        self.status_msg = "Scanning ports...".into();
+
+        std::thread::spawn(move || {
+            let mut ser = match serial.lock() {
+                Ok(g) => g,
+                Err(poisoned) => poisoned.into_inner(),
+            };
+
+            match ser.auto_connect() {
+                Ok(port_name) => {
+                    let fw = ser.get_firmware_version().unwrap_or_default();
+                    let names = ser.get_layer_names().unwrap_or_default();
+                    let km = ser.get_keymap(0).unwrap_or_default();
+                    let _ = tx.send(BgResult::Connected(port_name, fw, names, km));
+
+                    // Try to fetch physical layout from firmware
+                    let layout = ser.get_layout_json()
+                        .ok()
+                        .and_then(|json| crate::layout::parse_json(&json).ok());
+                    if let Some(keys) = layout {
+                        let _ = tx.send(BgResult::LayoutJson(keys));
+                    }
+                }
+                Err(e) => {
+                    let _ = tx.send(BgResult::ConnectError(e));
+                }
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
+    pub(super) fn connect_web(&mut self, ctx: &egui::Context) {
+        self.busy = true;
+        self.web_busy.set(true);
+        self.status_msg = "Selecting port...".into();
+        let serial = self.serial.clone();
+        let tx = self.bg_tx.clone();
+        let web_busy = self.web_busy.clone();
+        let ctx = ctx.clone();
+
+        wasm_bindgen_futures::spawn_local(async move {
+            // Step 1: async port selection (no borrow held)
+            let conn = match crate::serial::request_port().await {
+                Ok(c) => c,
+                Err(e) => {
+                    let _ = tx.send(BgResult::ConnectError(e));
+                    web_busy.set(false);
+                    ctx.request_repaint();
+                    return;
+                }
+            };
+
+            // Step 2: extract handles before moving conn
+            let reader = conn.reader.clone();
+            let writer = conn.writer.clone();
+            let v2 = conn.v2;
+
+            // Step 3: store connection
+            serial.borrow_mut().apply_connection(conn);
+
+            // Step 4: async queries (no borrow held)
+            let fw = crate::serial::get_firmware_version(&reader, &writer, v2)
+                .await
+                .unwrap_or_default();
+            let names = crate::serial::get_layer_names(&reader, &writer, v2)
+                .await
+                .unwrap_or_default();
+            let km = crate::serial::get_keymap(&reader, &writer, 0, v2)
+                .await
+                .unwrap_or_default();
+
+            let _ = tx.send(BgResult::Connected("WebSerial".into(), fw, names, km));
+
+            // Try to fetch physical layout from firmware
+            let layout_json = crate::serial::get_layout_json(&reader, &writer, v2).await;
+            if let Ok(json) = layout_json {
+                if let Ok(keys) = crate::layout::parse_json(&json) {
+                    let _ = tx.send(BgResult::LayoutJson(keys));
+                }
+            }
+
+            web_busy.set(false);
+            ctx.request_repaint();
+        });
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+    pub(super) fn disconnect(&mut self) {
+        let mut guard = match self.serial.lock() {
+            Ok(g) => g,
+            Err(poisoned) => poisoned.into_inner(),
+        };
+        guard.disconnect();
+        drop(guard);
+
+        self.connected_cache = false;
+        self.firmware_version.clear();
+        self.keymap.clear();
+        self.layer_names = vec!["Layer 0".into()];
+        self.status_msg = "Disconnected".into();
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
+    pub(super) fn disconnect(&mut self) {
+        self.serial.borrow_mut().disconnect();
+
+        self.firmware_version.clear();
+        self.keymap.clear();
+        self.layer_names = vec!["Layer 0".into()];
+        self.status_msg = "Disconnected".into();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/original-src/ui_helpers.rs b/original-src/ui_helpers.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b697e21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/original-src/ui_helpers.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,218 @@
+use super::{BgResult, Instant};
+
+impl super::KaSeApp {
+    #[allow(dead_code)]
+    pub(super) fn notify(&mut self, msg: &str) {
+        let timestamp = Instant::now();
+        let entry = (msg.to_string(), timestamp);
+        self.notifications.push(entry);
+    }
+
+    pub(super) fn get_heatmap_intensity(&self, row: usize, col: usize) -> f32 {
+        if !self.heatmap_on || self.heatmap_max == 0 {
+            return 0.0;
+        }
+
+        let row_data = self.heatmap_data.get(row);
+        let cell_option = row_data.and_then(|r| r.get(col));
+        let count = cell_option.copied().unwrap_or(0);
+
+        let count_float = count as f32;
+        let max_float = self.heatmap_max as f32;
+        let intensity = count_float / max_float;
+        intensity
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+    pub(super) fn load_heatmap(&mut self) {
+        self.busy = true;
+        let serial = self.serial.clone();
+        let tx = self.bg_tx.clone();
+
+        std::thread::spawn(move || {
+            let mut ser = serial.lock().unwrap_or_else(|p| p.into_inner());
+            let lines = ser.query_command("KEYSTATS?").unwrap_or_default();
+            let (data, max) = crate::parsers::parse_heatmap_lines(&lines);
+            let _ = tx.send(BgResult::HeatmapData(data, max));
+        });
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
+    pub(super) fn load_heatmap(&mut self) {
+        if self.web_busy.get() { return; }
+        self.busy = true;
+        self.web_busy.set(true);
+        let serial = self.serial.clone();
+        let tx = self.bg_tx.clone();
+        let web_busy = self.web_busy.clone();
+
+        wasm_bindgen_futures::spawn_local(async move {
+            let handles = serial.borrow().io_handles();
+            if let Ok((reader, writer)) = handles {
+                let lines = crate::serial::query_command(&reader, &writer, "KEYSTATS?")
+                    .await
+                    .unwrap_or_default();
+                let (data, max) = crate::parsers::parse_heatmap_lines(&lines);
+                let _ = tx.send(BgResult::HeatmapData(data, max));
+            }
+            web_busy.set(false);
+        });
+    }
+
+
+    /// Apply a key selection from the key selector.
+    /// row == 951: new KO result key
+    /// row == 950: new KO trigger key
+    /// row 900-949: KO edit (900 + idx*10 + 0=trig, +1=result)
+    /// row >= 800: new leader result
+    /// row >= 700: new leader sequence key (append)
+    /// row >= 600: leader result edit (row-600 = leader index)
+    /// row >= 500: leader sequence key edit (row = 500 + idx*10 + seq_pos)
+    /// row >= 400: new combo result mode
+    /// row >= 300: combo result edit (row-300 = combo index)
+    /// row >= 200: macro step mode (add key as step)
+    /// row >= 100: TD mode (row-100 = td index, col = action slot)
+    /// row < 100: keymap mode
+    pub(super) fn apply_key_selection(&mut self, row: usize, col: usize, code: u16) {
+        if row == 951 {
+            // New KO result key
+            self.ko_new_res_key = code as u8;
+            self.ko_new_res_set = true;
+            self.status_msg = format!("KO result = {}", crate::keycode::hid_key_name(code as u8));
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if row == 950 {
+            // New KO trigger key
+            self.ko_new_trig_key = code as u8;
+            self.ko_new_trig_set = true;
+            self.status_msg = format!("KO trigger = {}", crate::keycode::hid_key_name(code as u8));
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if row >= 900 {
+            // KO edit: row = 900 + idx*10 + field (0=trig, 1=result)
+            let offset = row - 900;
+            let ko_idx = offset / 10;
+            let field = offset % 10;
+            let idx_valid = ko_idx < self.ko_data.len();
+            if idx_valid {
+                if field == 0 {
+                    self.ko_data[ko_idx][0] = code as u8;
+                    self.status_msg = format!("KO #{} trigger = 0x{:02X}", ko_idx, code);
+                } else {
+                    self.ko_data[ko_idx][2] = code as u8;
+                    self.status_msg = format!("KO #{} result = 0x{:02X}", ko_idx, code);
+                }
+            }
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if row >= 800 {
+            // New leader result
+            self.leader_new_result = code as u8;
+            self.leader_new_result_set = true;
+            self.status_msg = format!("Leader result = {}", crate::keycode::hid_key_name(code as u8));
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if row >= 700 {
+            // New leader sequence key (append)
+            let seq_not_full = self.leader_new_seq.len() < 4;
+            if seq_not_full {
+                self.leader_new_seq.push(code as u8);
+                let key_name = crate::keycode::hid_key_name(code as u8);
+                self.status_msg = format!("Leader seq + {}", key_name);
+            }
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if row >= 600 {
+            // Leader result edit (existing)
+            let leader_idx = row - 600;
+            let idx_valid = leader_idx < self.leader_data.len();
+            if idx_valid {
+                self.leader_data[leader_idx].result = code as u8;
+                self.status_msg = format!("Leader #{} result = 0x{:02X}", leader_idx, code);
+            }
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if row >= 500 {
+            // Leader sequence key edit (existing)
+            // row = 500 + leader_idx*10 + seq_pos
+            let offset = row - 500;
+            let leader_idx = offset / 10;
+            let seq_pos = offset % 10;
+            let idx_valid = leader_idx < self.leader_data.len();
+            if idx_valid {
+                let seq_valid = seq_pos < self.leader_data[leader_idx].sequence.len();
+                if seq_valid {
+                    self.leader_data[leader_idx].sequence[seq_pos] = code as u8;
+                    self.status_msg = format!("Leader #{} key {} = 0x{:02X}", leader_idx, seq_pos, code);
+                }
+            }
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if row >= 400 {
+            // New combo result mode
+            self.combo_new_result = code;
+            self.status_msg = format!("New combo result = 0x{:04X}", code);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if row >= 300 {
+            // Combo result edit mode
+            let combo_idx = row - 300;
+            let idx_valid = combo_idx < self.combo_data.len();
+            if idx_valid {
+                self.combo_data[combo_idx].result = code;
+                self.status_msg = format!("Combo #{} result = 0x{:04X}", combo_idx, code);
+            }
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if row >= 200 {
+            // Macro step mode
+            self.apply_macro_step(code);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if row >= 100 {
+            // TD mode
+            let td_idx = row - 100;
+            let idx_valid = td_idx < self.td_data.len();
+            let col_valid = col < 4;
+
+            if idx_valid && col_valid {
+                self.td_data[td_idx][col] = code;
+                self.status_msg = format!("TD {} action {} = 0x{:04X}", td_idx, col, code);
+            }
+        } else {
+            // Keymap mode - validate bounds BEFORE sending
+            let row_valid = row < self.keymap.len();
+            let col_valid = row_valid && col < self.keymap[row].len();
+
+            if col_valid {
+                let layer = self.current_layer as u8;
+                let row_byte = row as u8;
+                let col_byte = col as u8;
+                let cmd = crate::protocol::cmd_set_key(layer, row_byte, col_byte, code);
+                self.bg_send(&cmd);
+
+                self.keymap[row][col] = code;
+                self.status_msg = format!("[{},{}] = 0x{:04X}", row, col, code);
+            } else {
+                self.status_msg = format!("Invalid key position [{},{}]", row, col);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub(super) fn get_key(&self, row: usize, col: usize) -> u16 {
+        let row_data = self.keymap.get(row);
+        let cell_option = row_data.and_then(|r| r.get(col));
+        let value = cell_option.copied();
+        value.unwrap_or(0)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/original-src/ui_mod.rs b/original-src/ui_mod.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ea634fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/original-src/ui_mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,277 @@
+mod background;
+mod connection;
+mod geometry;
+mod helpers;
+mod key_selector;
+mod render;
+mod tab_advanced;
+mod tab_keymap;
+mod tab_macros;
+mod tab_settings;
+mod tab_stats;
+mod update;
+
+use std::sync::mpsc;
+use crate::serial::{self, SharedSerial};
+use crate::layout::{self, KeycapPos};
+use crate::layout_remap::KeyboardLayout;
+
+// Instant doesn't exist in WASM - use a wrapper
+#[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+type Instant = std::time::Instant;
+
+#[cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
+struct Instant(f64);
+
+#[cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
+impl Instant {
+    fn now() -> Self {
+        let window = web_sys::window().unwrap();
+        let performance = window.performance().unwrap();
+        Instant(performance.now())
+    }
+    fn elapsed(&self) -> std::time::Duration {
+        let now = Self::now();
+        let ms = now.0 - self.0;
+        std::time::Duration::from_millis(ms as u64)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Results from background serial operations.
+pub(super) enum BgResult {
+    Connected(String, String, Vec<String>, Vec<Vec<u16>>),
+    ConnectError(String),
+    Keymap(Vec<Vec<u16>>),
+    LayerNames(Vec<String>),
+    TextLines(String, Vec<String>),
+    #[allow(dead_code)] // constructed only in WASM builds
+    BinaryPayload(String, Vec<u8>), // tag, raw KR payload
+    LayoutJson(Vec<crate::layout::KeycapPos>), // physical key positions from firmware
+    OtaProgress(f32, String),       // progress 0-1, status message
+    HeatmapData(Vec<Vec<u32>>, u32), // counts, max
+    Error(String),
+}
+
+#[derive(PartialEq)]
+pub(super) enum Tab {
+    Keymap,
+    Advanced,
+    Macros,
+    Stats,
+    Settings,
+}
+
+pub struct KaSeApp {
+    pub(super) serial: SharedSerial,
+    pub(super) bg_tx: mpsc::Sender<BgResult>,
+    pub(super) bg_rx: mpsc::Receiver<BgResult>,
+    pub(super) busy: bool,
+    #[cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
+    pub(super) web_busy: std::rc::Rc<std::cell::Cell<bool>>,
+    pub(super) tab: Tab,
+
+    // Connection
+    /// Cached connection status — avoids serial.lock() in views.
+    /// Updated in poll_bg() when Connected/ConnectError is received.
+    pub(super) connected_cache: bool,
+    pub(super) firmware_version: String,
+
+    // Keymap
+    pub(super) current_layer: usize,
+    pub(super) layer_names: Vec<String>,
+    pub(super) keymap: Vec<Vec<u16>>, // rows x cols
+    pub(super) key_layout: Vec<KeycapPos>,
+    pub(super) editing_key: Option<(usize, usize)>, // (row, col) being edited
+
+    // Keymap editing
+    pub(super) layer_rename: String,
+
+    // Advanced
+    pub(super) td_lines: Vec<String>,
+    pub(super) td_data: Vec<[u16; 4]>,  // parsed tap dance slots
+    pub(super) combo_lines: Vec<String>,
+    pub(super) combo_data: Vec<crate::parsers::ComboEntry>,
+    /// None = pas de picking en cours. Some((combo_idx, slot)) = on attend un clic clavier.
+    /// combo_idx: usize::MAX = nouveau combo. slot: 0 = key1, 1 = key2.
+    pub(super) combo_picking: Option<(usize, u8)>,
+    pub(super) combo_new_r1: u8,
+    pub(super) combo_new_c1: u8,
+    pub(super) combo_new_r2: u8,
+    pub(super) combo_new_c2: u8,
+    pub(super) combo_new_result: u16,
+    pub(super) combo_new_key1_set: bool,
+    pub(super) combo_new_key2_set: bool,
+    pub(super) leader_lines: Vec<String>,
+    pub(super) leader_data: Vec<crate::parsers::LeaderEntry>,
+    // Leader editing: new sequence being built
+    pub(super) leader_new_seq: Vec<u8>,     // HID keycodes for the sequence
+    pub(super) leader_new_result: u8,
+    pub(super) leader_new_mod: u8,
+    pub(super) leader_new_result_set: bool,
+    pub(super) ko_lines: Vec<String>,
+    pub(super) ko_data: Vec<[u8; 4]>,   // parsed: [trigger, trig_mod, result, res_mod]
+    pub(super) ko_new_trig_key: u8,
+    pub(super) ko_new_trig_mod: u8,
+    pub(super) ko_new_res_key: u8,
+    pub(super) ko_new_res_mod: u8,
+    pub(super) ko_new_trig_set: bool,
+    pub(super) ko_new_res_set: bool,
+    pub(super) bt_lines: Vec<String>,
+    pub(super) tama_lines: Vec<String>,
+    pub(super) wpm_text: String,
+    pub(super) autoshift_status: String,
+    pub(super) tri_l1: String,
+    pub(super) tri_l2: String,
+    pub(super) tri_l3: String,
+
+    // Macros
+    pub(super) macro_lines: Vec<String>,
+    pub(super) macro_data: Vec<crate::parsers::MacroEntry>,
+    pub(super) macro_slot: String,
+    pub(super) macro_name: String,
+    pub(super) macro_steps: String,
+
+    // Stats / Heatmap
+    pub(super) keystats_lines: Vec<String>,
+    pub(super) bigrams_lines: Vec<String>,
+    pub(super) heatmap_data: Vec<Vec<u32>>,  // rows x cols press counts
+    pub(super) heatmap_max: u32,
+    pub(super) heatmap_on: bool,
+    pub(super) heatmap_selected: Option<(usize, usize)>, // selected key for bigram view
+    pub(super) stats_dirty: bool,
+
+    // Key selector
+    pub(super) key_search: String,
+    pub(super) mt_mod: u8,
+    pub(super) mt_key: u8,
+    pub(super) lt_layer: u8,
+    pub(super) lt_key: u8,
+    pub(super) hex_input: String,
+
+    // Settings
+    pub(super) keyboard_layout: crate::layout_remap::KeyboardLayout,
+
+    // OTA
+    pub(super) ota_path: String,
+    pub(super) ota_status: String,
+    pub(super) ota_firmware_data: Vec<u8>,
+    pub(super) ota_progress: f32,
+    pub(super) ota_releases: Vec<(String, String)>, // (tag_name, asset_url)
+    pub(super) ota_selected_release: usize,
+
+    // Prog port flasher (native only)
+    #[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+    pub(super) prog_port: String,
+    #[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+    pub(super) prog_path: String,
+    #[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+    pub(super) prog_ports_list: Vec<String>,
+
+    // Notifications
+    pub(super) notifications: Vec<(String, Instant)>,
+
+    // Status
+    pub(super) status_msg: String,
+    pub(super) last_reconnect_poll: Instant,
+    pub(super) last_port_check: Instant,
+    pub(super) last_wpm_poll: Instant,
+    pub(super) last_stats_refresh: Instant,
+}
+
+impl KaSeApp {
+    pub fn new(_cc: &eframe::CreationContext<'_>) -> Self {
+        let (bg_tx, bg_rx) = mpsc::channel();
+
+        let saved_settings = crate::settings::load();
+        let keyboard_layout = KeyboardLayout::from_name(&saved_settings.keyboard_layout);
+
+        Self {
+            serial: serial::new_shared(),
+            bg_tx,
+            bg_rx,
+            busy: false,
+            connected_cache: false,
+            #[cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
+            web_busy: std::rc::Rc::new(std::cell::Cell::new(false)),
+            tab: Tab::Keymap,
+            firmware_version: String::new(),
+            current_layer: 0,
+            layer_names: vec!["Layer 0".into()],
+            keymap: Vec::new(),
+            key_layout: layout::default_layout(),
+            editing_key: None,
+            layer_rename: String::new(),
+            td_lines: Vec::new(),
+            td_data: Vec::new(),
+            combo_lines: Vec::new(),
+            combo_data: Vec::new(),
+            combo_picking: None,
+            combo_new_r1: 0,
+            combo_new_c1: 0,
+            combo_new_r2: 0,
+            combo_new_c2: 0,
+            combo_new_result: 0,
+            combo_new_key1_set: false,
+            combo_new_key2_set: false,
+            leader_new_seq: Vec::new(),
+            leader_new_result: 0,
+            leader_new_mod: 0,
+            leader_new_result_set: false,
+            leader_lines: Vec::new(),
+            leader_data: Vec::new(),
+            ko_lines: Vec::new(),
+            ko_data: Vec::new(),
+            ko_new_trig_key: 0,
+            ko_new_trig_mod: 0,
+            ko_new_res_key: 0,
+            ko_new_res_mod: 0,
+            ko_new_trig_set: false,
+            ko_new_res_set: false,
+            bt_lines: Vec::new(),
+            macro_lines: Vec::new(),
+            macro_data: Vec::new(),
+            tama_lines: Vec::new(),
+            wpm_text: String::new(),
+            autoshift_status: String::new(),
+            tri_l1: "1".into(),
+            tri_l2: "2".into(),
+            tri_l3: "3".into(),
+            macro_slot: "0".into(),
+            macro_name: String::new(),
+            macro_steps: String::new(),
+            keystats_lines: Vec::new(),
+            bigrams_lines: Vec::new(),
+            heatmap_data: Vec::new(),
+            heatmap_max: 0,
+            heatmap_on: false,
+            heatmap_selected: None,
+            stats_dirty: true,
+            key_search: String::new(),
+            mt_mod: 0x02, // HID Left Shift
+            mt_key: 0x04, // HID 'A'
+            lt_layer: 1,
+            lt_key: 0x2C, // HID Space
+            hex_input: String::new(),
+            keyboard_layout,
+            #[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+            prog_port: String::new(),
+            #[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+            prog_path: String::new(),
+            #[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+            prog_ports_list: Vec::new(),
+            notifications: Vec::new(),
+            ota_path: String::new(),
+            ota_status: String::new(),
+            ota_firmware_data: Vec::new(),
+            ota_progress: 0.0,
+            ota_releases: Vec::new(),
+            ota_selected_release: 0,
+            status_msg: "Searching KeSp...".into(),
+            last_reconnect_poll: Instant::now(),
+            last_port_check: Instant::now(),
+            last_wpm_poll: Instant::now(),
+            last_stats_refresh: Instant::now(),
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/logic/binary_protocol.rs b/src/logic/binary_protocol.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fa34b85
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/logic/binary_protocol.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,259 @@
+/// KaSe Binary CDC Protocol v2
+/// Frame: KS(2) + cmd(1) + len(2 LE) + payload(N) + crc8(1)
+/// Response: KR(2) + cmd(1) + status(1) + len(2 LE) + payload(N) + crc8(1)
+
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+pub mod cmd {
+    // System
+    pub const VERSION: u8 = 0x01;
+    pub const FEATURES: u8 = 0x02;
+    pub const DFU: u8 = 0x03;
+    pub const PING: u8 = 0x04;
+
+    // Keymap
+    pub const SETLAYER: u8 = 0x10;
+    pub const SETKEY: u8 = 0x11;
+    pub const KEYMAP_CURRENT: u8 = 0x12;
+    pub const KEYMAP_GET: u8 = 0x13;
+    pub const LAYER_INDEX: u8 = 0x14;
+    pub const LAYER_NAME: u8 = 0x15;
+
+    // Layout
+    pub const SET_LAYOUT_NAME: u8 = 0x20;
+    pub const LIST_LAYOUTS: u8 = 0x21;
+    pub const GET_LAYOUT_JSON: u8 = 0x22;
+
+    // Macros
+    pub const LIST_MACROS: u8 = 0x30;
+    pub const MACRO_ADD: u8 = 0x31;
+    pub const MACRO_ADD_SEQ: u8 = 0x32;
+    pub const MACRO_DELETE: u8 = 0x33;
+
+    // Statistics
+    pub const KEYSTATS_BIN: u8 = 0x40;
+    pub const KEYSTATS_RESET: u8 = 0x42;
+    pub const BIGRAMS_BIN: u8 = 0x43;
+    pub const BIGRAMS_RESET: u8 = 0x45;
+
+    // Tap Dance
+    pub const TD_SET: u8 = 0x50;
+    pub const TD_LIST: u8 = 0x51;
+    pub const TD_DELETE: u8 = 0x52;
+
+    // Combos
+    pub const COMBO_SET: u8 = 0x60;
+    pub const COMBO_LIST: u8 = 0x61;
+    pub const COMBO_DELETE: u8 = 0x62;
+
+    // Leader
+    pub const LEADER_SET: u8 = 0x70;
+    pub const LEADER_LIST: u8 = 0x71;
+    pub const LEADER_DELETE: u8 = 0x72;
+
+    // Bluetooth
+    pub const BT_QUERY: u8 = 0x80;
+    pub const BT_SWITCH: u8 = 0x81;
+    pub const BT_PAIR: u8 = 0x82;
+    pub const BT_DISCONNECT: u8 = 0x83;
+    pub const BT_NEXT: u8 = 0x84;
+    pub const BT_PREV: u8 = 0x85;
+
+    // Features
+    pub const AUTOSHIFT_TOGGLE: u8 = 0x90;
+    pub const KO_SET: u8 = 0x91;
+    pub const KO_LIST: u8 = 0x92;
+    pub const KO_DELETE: u8 = 0x93;
+    pub const WPM_QUERY: u8 = 0x94;
+    pub const TRILAYER_SET: u8 = 0x94;
+
+    // Tamagotchi
+    pub const TAMA_QUERY: u8 = 0xA0;
+    pub const TAMA_ENABLE: u8 = 0xA1;
+    pub const TAMA_DISABLE: u8 = 0xA2;
+    pub const TAMA_FEED: u8 = 0xA3;
+    pub const TAMA_PLAY: u8 = 0xA4;
+    pub const TAMA_SLEEP: u8 = 0xA5;
+    pub const TAMA_MEDICINE: u8 = 0xA6;
+    pub const TAMA_SAVE: u8 = 0xA7;
+
+    // OTA
+    pub const OTA_START: u8 = 0xF0;
+    pub const OTA_DATA: u8 = 0xF1;
+    pub const OTA_ABORT: u8 = 0xF2;
+}
+
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+pub mod status {
+    pub const OK: u8 = 0x00;
+    pub const ERR_UNKNOWN: u8 = 0x01;
+    pub const ERR_CRC: u8 = 0x02;
+    pub const ERR_INVALID: u8 = 0x03;
+    pub const ERR_RANGE: u8 = 0x04;
+    pub const ERR_BUSY: u8 = 0x05;
+    pub const ERR_OVERFLOW: u8 = 0x06;
+}
+
+/// CRC-8/MAXIM (polynomial 0x31, init 0x00)
+pub fn crc8(data: &[u8]) -> u8 {
+    let mut crc: u8 = 0x00;
+    for &b in data {
+        crc ^= b;
+        for _ in 0..8 {
+            crc = if crc & 0x80 != 0 {
+                (crc << 1) ^ 0x31
+            } else {
+                crc << 1
+            };
+        }
+    }
+    crc
+}
+
+/// Build a KS request frame.
+pub fn ks_frame(cmd_id: u8, payload: &[u8]) -> Vec<u8> {
+    let len = payload.len() as u16;
+    let mut frame = Vec::with_capacity(6 + payload.len());
+    frame.push(0x4B); // 'K'
+    frame.push(0x53); // 'S'
+    frame.push(cmd_id);
+    frame.push((len & 0xFF) as u8);
+    frame.push((len >> 8) as u8);
+    frame.extend_from_slice(payload);
+    frame.push(crc8(payload));
+    frame
+}
+
+/// Build MACRO_ADD_SEQ payload: [slot][name_len][name...][step_count][{kc,mod}...]
+pub fn macro_add_seq_payload(slot: u8, name: &str, steps_hex: &str) -> Vec<u8> {
+    let name_bytes = name.as_bytes();
+    let name_len = name_bytes.len().min(255) as u8;
+
+    // Parse hex steps "06:01,FF:0A,19:01" into (kc, mod) pairs
+    let mut step_pairs: Vec<(u8, u8)> = Vec::new();
+    if !steps_hex.is_empty() {
+        for part in steps_hex.split(',') {
+            let trimmed = part.trim();
+            let kv: Vec<&str> = trimmed.split(':').collect();
+            let has_two = kv.len() == 2;
+            if !has_two {
+                continue;
+            }
+            let kc = u8::from_str_radix(kv[0].trim(), 16).unwrap_or(0);
+            let md = u8::from_str_radix(kv[1].trim(), 16).unwrap_or(0);
+            step_pairs.push((kc, md));
+        }
+    }
+    let step_count = step_pairs.len().min(255) as u8;
+
+    let mut payload = Vec::new();
+    payload.push(slot);
+    payload.push(name_len);
+    payload.extend_from_slice(&name_bytes[..name_len as usize]);
+    payload.push(step_count);
+    for (kc, md) in &step_pairs {
+        payload.push(*kc);
+        payload.push(*md);
+    }
+    payload
+}
+
+/// Build MACRO_DELETE payload: [slot]
+pub fn macro_delete_payload(slot: u8) -> Vec<u8> {
+    vec![slot]
+}
+
+/// Build COMBO_SET payload: [index][r1][c1][r2][c2][result]
+pub fn combo_set_payload(index: u8, r1: u8, c1: u8, r2: u8, c2: u8, result: u8) -> Vec<u8> {
+    vec![index, r1, c1, r2, c2, result]
+}
+
+/// Build TD_SET payload: [index][a1][a2][a3][a4]
+pub fn td_set_payload(index: u8, actions: &[u16; 4]) -> Vec<u8> {
+    vec![index, actions[0] as u8, actions[1] as u8, actions[2] as u8, actions[3] as u8]
+}
+
+/// Build KO_SET payload: [index][trigger_key][trigger_mod][result_key][result_mod]
+pub fn ko_set_payload(index: u8, trig_key: u8, trig_mod: u8, res_key: u8, res_mod: u8) -> Vec<u8> {
+    vec![index, trig_key, trig_mod, res_key, res_mod]
+}
+
+/// Build LEADER_SET payload: [index][seq_len][seq...][result][result_mod]
+pub fn leader_set_payload(index: u8, sequence: &[u8], result: u8, result_mod: u8) -> Vec<u8> {
+    let seq_len = sequence.len().min(4) as u8;
+    let mut payload = Vec::with_capacity(4 + sequence.len());
+    payload.push(index);
+    payload.push(seq_len);
+    payload.extend_from_slice(&sequence[..seq_len as usize]);
+    payload.push(result);
+    payload.push(result_mod);
+    payload
+}
+
+/// Parsed KR response.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct KrResponse {
+    #[allow(dead_code)]
+    pub cmd: u8,
+    pub status: u8,
+    pub payload: Vec<u8>,
+}
+
+impl KrResponse {
+    pub fn is_ok(&self) -> bool {
+        self.status == status::OK
+    }
+
+    pub fn status_name(&self) -> &str {
+        match self.status {
+            status::OK => "OK",
+            status::ERR_UNKNOWN => "ERR_UNKNOWN",
+            status::ERR_CRC => "ERR_CRC",
+            status::ERR_INVALID => "ERR_INVALID",
+            status::ERR_RANGE => "ERR_RANGE",
+            status::ERR_BUSY => "ERR_BUSY",
+            status::ERR_OVERFLOW => "ERR_OVERFLOW",
+            _ => "UNKNOWN",
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Parse a KR response from raw bytes. Returns (response, bytes_consumed).
+pub fn parse_kr(data: &[u8]) -> Result<(KrResponse, usize), String> {
+    // Find KR magic
+    let pos = data
+        .windows(2)
+        .position(|w| w[0] == 0x4B && w[1] == 0x52)
+        .ok_or("No KR header found")?;
+
+    if data.len() < pos + 7 {
+        return Err("Response too short".into());
+    }
+
+    let cmd = data[pos + 2];
+    let status = data[pos + 3];
+    let plen = data[pos + 4] as u16 | ((data[pos + 5] as u16) << 8);
+    let payload_start = pos + 6;
+    let payload_end = payload_start + plen as usize;
+
+    if data.len() < payload_end + 1 {
+        return Err(format!(
+            "Incomplete response: need {} bytes, got {}",
+            payload_end + 1,
+            data.len()
+        ));
+    }
+
+    let payload = data[payload_start..payload_end].to_vec();
+    let expected_crc = data[payload_end];
+    let actual_crc = crc8(&payload);
+
+    if expected_crc != actual_crc {
+        return Err(format!(
+            "CRC mismatch: expected 0x{:02X}, got 0x{:02X}",
+            expected_crc, actual_crc
+        ));
+    }
+
+    let consumed = payload_end + 1 - pos;
+    Ok((KrResponse { cmd, status, payload }, consumed))
+}
diff --git a/src/logic/flasher.rs b/src/logic/flasher.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..930ab7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/logic/flasher.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,523 @@
+/// ESP32 ROM bootloader flasher via serial (CH340/CP2102 programming port).
+/// Implements minimal SLIP-framed bootloader protocol for firmware flashing
+/// without requiring esptool.
+
+#[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+use serialport::SerialPort;
+#[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+use std::sync::mpsc;
+#[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
+
+/// Progress message sent back to the UI during flashing.
+/// Replaces the old `ui::BgResult::OtaProgress` variant.
+#[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+pub enum FlashProgress {
+    OtaProgress(f32, String),
+}
+
+// ==================== SLIP framing ====================
+
+const SLIP_END: u8 = 0xC0;
+const SLIP_ESC: u8 = 0xDB;
+const SLIP_ESC_END: u8 = 0xDC;
+const SLIP_ESC_ESC: u8 = 0xDD;
+
+#[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+fn slip_encode(data: &[u8]) -> Vec<u8> {
+    let mut frame = Vec::with_capacity(data.len() + 10);
+    frame.push(SLIP_END);
+    for &byte in data {
+        match byte {
+            SLIP_END => {
+                frame.push(SLIP_ESC);
+                frame.push(SLIP_ESC_END);
+            }
+            SLIP_ESC => {
+                frame.push(SLIP_ESC);
+                frame.push(SLIP_ESC_ESC);
+            }
+            _ => frame.push(byte),
+        }
+    }
+    frame.push(SLIP_END);
+    frame
+}
+
+#[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+fn slip_decode(frame: &[u8]) -> Vec<u8> {
+    let mut data = Vec::with_capacity(frame.len());
+    let mut escaped = false;
+    for &byte in frame {
+        if escaped {
+            match byte {
+                SLIP_ESC_END => data.push(SLIP_END),
+                SLIP_ESC_ESC => data.push(SLIP_ESC),
+                _ => data.push(byte),
+            }
+            escaped = false;
+        } else if byte == SLIP_ESC {
+            escaped = true;
+        } else if byte != SLIP_END {
+            data.push(byte);
+        }
+    }
+    data
+}
+
+// ==================== Bootloader commands ====================
+
+const CMD_SYNC: u8 = 0x08;
+const CMD_CHANGE_BAUDRATE: u8 = 0x0F;
+const CMD_SPI_ATTACH: u8 = 0x0D;
+const CMD_FLASH_BEGIN: u8 = 0x02;
+const CMD_FLASH_DATA: u8 = 0x03;
+const CMD_FLASH_END: u8 = 0x04;
+
+const FLASH_BLOCK_SIZE: u32 = 1024;
+/// Flash erase granularity — the ROM erases in minimum 4 KB units.
+/// erase_size in FLASH_BEGIN must be aligned to this boundary.
+const FLASH_SECTOR_SIZE: u32 = 0x1000;
+const INITIAL_BAUD: u32 = 115200;
+const FLASH_BAUD: u32 = 460800;
+
+#[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+fn xor_checksum(data: &[u8]) -> u32 {
+    let mut chk: u8 = 0xEF;
+    for &b in data {
+        chk ^= b;
+    }
+    chk as u32
+}
+
+/// Build a bootloader command packet (before SLIP encoding).
+/// Format: [0x00][cmd][size:u16 LE][checksum:u32 LE][data...]
+#[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+fn build_command(cmd: u8, data: &[u8], checksum: u32) -> Vec<u8> {
+    let size = data.len() as u16;
+    let mut pkt = Vec::with_capacity(8 + data.len());
+    pkt.push(0x00); // direction: command
+    pkt.push(cmd);
+    pkt.push((size & 0xFF) as u8);
+    pkt.push((size >> 8) as u8);
+    pkt.push((checksum & 0xFF) as u8);
+    pkt.push(((checksum >> 8) & 0xFF) as u8);
+    pkt.push(((checksum >> 16) & 0xFF) as u8);
+    pkt.push(((checksum >> 24) & 0xFF) as u8);
+    pkt.extend_from_slice(data);
+    pkt
+}
+
+/// Extract complete SLIP frames from a byte buffer.
+/// Returns (frames, remaining_bytes_not_consumed).
+#[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+fn extract_slip_frames(raw: &[u8]) -> Vec<Vec<u8>> {
+    let mut frames = Vec::new();
+    let mut in_frame = false;
+    let mut current = Vec::new();
+
+    for &byte in raw {
+        if byte == SLIP_END {
+            if in_frame && !current.is_empty() {
+                // End of frame
+                frames.push(current.clone());
+                current.clear();
+                in_frame = false;
+            } else {
+                // Start of frame (or consecutive 0xC0)
+                in_frame = true;
+                current.clear();
+            }
+        } else if in_frame {
+            current.push(byte);
+        }
+        // If !in_frame and byte != SLIP_END, it's garbage — skip
+    }
+    frames
+}
+
+/// Send a command and receive a valid response.
+/// Handles boot log garbage and multiple SYNC responses.
+#[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+fn send_command(
+    port: &mut Box<dyn SerialPort>,
+    cmd: u8,
+    data: &[u8],
+    checksum: u32,
+    timeout_ms: u64,
+) -> Result<Vec<u8>, String> {
+    let pkt = build_command(cmd, data, checksum);
+    let frame = slip_encode(&pkt);
+
+    port.write_all(&frame)
+        .map_err(|e| format!("Write error: {}", e))?;
+    port.flush()
+        .map_err(|e| format!("Flush error: {}", e))?;
+
+    // Read bytes and extract SLIP frames, looking for a valid response
+    let mut raw = Vec::new();
+    let mut buf = [0u8; 512];
+    let start = Instant::now();
+    let timeout = Duration::from_millis(timeout_ms);
+
+    loop {
+        let elapsed = start.elapsed();
+        if elapsed > timeout {
+            let got = if raw.is_empty() {
+                "nothing".to_string()
+            } else {
+                format!("{} raw bytes, no valid response", raw.len())
+            };
+            return Err(format!("Response timeout (got {})", got));
+        }
+
+        let read_result = port.read(&mut buf);
+        match read_result {
+            Ok(n) if n > 0 => {
+                raw.extend_from_slice(&buf[..n]);
+            }
+            _ => {
+                std::thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(1));
+                if raw.is_empty() {
+                    continue;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Try to find a valid response in accumulated data
+        let frames = extract_slip_frames(&raw);
+        for slip_data in &frames {
+            let decoded = slip_decode(slip_data);
+
+            if decoded.len() < 8 {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            let direction = decoded[0];
+            let resp_cmd = decoded[1];
+
+            if direction != 0x01 || resp_cmd != cmd {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            // ROM bootloader status is at offset 8 (right after 8-byte header)
+            // Format: [dir][cmd][size:u16][value:u32][status][error][pad][pad]
+            if decoded.len() >= 10 {
+                let status = decoded[8];
+                let error = decoded[9];
+                if status != 0 {
+                    return Err(format!("Bootloader error: cmd=0x{:02X} status={}, error={} (0x{:02X})",
+                        cmd, status, error, error));
+                }
+            }
+
+            return Ok(decoded);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// ==================== Bootloader entry ====================
+
+/// Toggle DTR/RTS to reset ESP32 into bootloader mode.
+/// Standard auto-reset circuit: DTR→EN, RTS→GPIO0.
+#[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+fn enter_bootloader(port: &mut Box<dyn SerialPort>) -> Result<(), String> {
+    // Hold GPIO0 low (RTS=true) while pulsing EN (DTR)
+    port.write_data_terminal_ready(false)
+        .map_err(|e| format!("DTR error: {}", e))?;
+    port.write_request_to_send(true)
+        .map_err(|e| format!("RTS error: {}", e))?;
+    std::thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(100));
+
+    // Release EN (DTR=true) while keeping GPIO0 low
+    port.write_data_terminal_ready(true)
+        .map_err(|e| format!("DTR error: {}", e))?;
+    port.write_request_to_send(false)
+        .map_err(|e| format!("RTS error: {}", e))?;
+    std::thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(50));
+
+    // Release all
+    port.write_data_terminal_ready(false)
+        .map_err(|e| format!("DTR error: {}", e))?;
+
+    // Wait for ROM to boot and print its banner before we drain it.
+    // esptool uses DEFAULT_RESET_DELAY = 500 ms here.
+    // 200 ms is too short — the ROM isn't ready to accept SYNC yet,
+    // causing the first SYNC attempts to fail or receive garbage.
+    std::thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(500));
+
+    // Drain any boot message
+    let _ = port.clear(serialport::ClearBuffer::All);
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+// ==================== High-level commands ====================
+
+#[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+fn sync(port: &mut Box<dyn SerialPort>) -> Result<(), String> {
+    // SYNC payload: [0x07, 0x07, 0x12, 0x20] + 32 x 0x55
+    let mut payload = vec![0x07, 0x07, 0x12, 0x20];
+    payload.extend_from_slice(&[0x55; 32]);
+
+    for attempt in 0..10 {
+        let result = send_command(port, CMD_SYNC, &payload, 0, 500);
+        match result {
+            Ok(_) => return Ok(()),
+            Err(_) if attempt < 9 => {
+                // Drain any pending data before retry
+                let _ = port.clear(serialport::ClearBuffer::Input);
+                std::thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(50));
+            }
+            Err(e) => return Err(format!("SYNC failed after 10 attempts: {}", e)),
+        }
+    }
+    Err("SYNC failed".into())
+}
+
+/// Tell the bootloader to switch to a faster baud rate, then reconnect.
+#[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+fn change_baudrate(port: &mut Box<dyn SerialPort>, new_baud: u32) -> Result<(), String> {
+    // Payload: [new_baud:u32 LE][old_baud:u32 LE] (old_baud=0 means "current")
+    let mut payload = Vec::with_capacity(8);
+    payload.extend_from_slice(&new_baud.to_le_bytes());
+    payload.extend_from_slice(&0u32.to_le_bytes());
+
+    send_command(port, CMD_CHANGE_BAUDRATE, &payload, 0, 3000)?;
+
+    // Switch host side to new baud
+    port.set_baud_rate(new_baud)
+        .map_err(|e| format!("Set baud error: {}", e))?;
+
+    // Small delay for baud switch to take effect
+    std::thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(50));
+    let _ = port.clear(serialport::ClearBuffer::All);
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+fn spi_attach(port: &mut Box<dyn SerialPort>) -> Result<(), String> {
+    let payload = [0u8; 8];
+    send_command(port, CMD_SPI_ATTACH, &payload, 0, 3000)?;
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+fn flash_begin(
+    port: &mut Box<dyn SerialPort>,
+    offset: u32,
+    total_size: u32,
+    block_size: u32,
+) -> Result<(), String> {
+    let num_blocks = (total_size + block_size - 1) / block_size;
+
+    // erase_size must be rounded up to flash sector boundary (4 KB).
+    // Passing total_size directly causes the ROM to compute the wrong
+    // sector count — the last sector is never erased, writing into
+    // 0xFF-filled space and producing "invalid segment length 0xffffffff".
+    // This matches esptool's get_erase_size(offset, size) logic.
+    let erase_size = (total_size + FLASH_SECTOR_SIZE - 1) & !(FLASH_SECTOR_SIZE - 1);
+
+    let mut payload = Vec::with_capacity(20);
+    // erase_size (sector-aligned, not raw file size)
+    payload.extend_from_slice(&erase_size.to_le_bytes());
+    // num_blocks
+    payload.extend_from_slice(&num_blocks.to_le_bytes());
+    // block_size
+    payload.extend_from_slice(&block_size.to_le_bytes());
+    // offset
+    payload.extend_from_slice(&offset.to_le_bytes());
+    // encrypted (ESP32-S3 requires this 5th field — 0 = not encrypted)
+    payload.extend_from_slice(&0u32.to_le_bytes());
+
+    // FLASH_BEGIN can take a while (flash erase) — long timeout
+    send_command(port, CMD_FLASH_BEGIN, &payload, 0, 30_000)?;
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+fn flash_data(
+    port: &mut Box<dyn SerialPort>,
+    seq: u32,
+    data: &[u8],
+) -> Result<(), String> {
+    let data_len = data.len() as u32;
+
+    let mut payload = Vec::with_capacity(16 + data.len());
+    // data length
+    payload.extend_from_slice(&data_len.to_le_bytes());
+    // sequence number
+    payload.extend_from_slice(&seq.to_le_bytes());
+    // reserved (2 x u32)
+    payload.extend_from_slice(&0u32.to_le_bytes());
+    payload.extend_from_slice(&0u32.to_le_bytes());
+    // data
+    payload.extend_from_slice(data);
+
+    let checksum = xor_checksum(data);
+    send_command(port, CMD_FLASH_DATA, &payload, checksum, 10_000)?;
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+fn flash_end(port: &mut Box<dyn SerialPort>, reboot: bool) -> Result<(), String> {
+    let flag: u32 = if reboot { 0 } else { 1 };
+    let payload = flag.to_le_bytes();
+    // FLASH_END might not get a response if device reboots
+    let _ = send_command(port, CMD_FLASH_END, &payload, 0, 2000);
+
+    if reboot {
+        // Hard reset: toggle RTS to pulse EN pin (like esptool --after hard_reset)
+        std::thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(100));
+        port.write_request_to_send(true)
+            .map_err(|e| format!("RTS error: {}", e))?;
+        std::thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(100));
+        port.write_request_to_send(false)
+            .map_err(|e| format!("RTS error: {}", e))?;
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+// ==================== Main entry point ====================
+
+/// Flash firmware to ESP32 via programming port (CH340/CP2102).
+/// Sends progress updates via the channel as (progress_0_to_1, status_message).
+#[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+pub fn flash_firmware(
+    port_name: &str,
+    firmware: &[u8],
+    offset: u32,
+    tx: &mpsc::Sender<FlashProgress>,
+) -> Result<(), String> {
+    let send_progress = |progress: f32, msg: String| {
+        let _ = tx.send(FlashProgress::OtaProgress(progress, msg));
+    };
+
+    send_progress(0.0, "Opening port...".into());
+
+    let builder = serialport::new(port_name, INITIAL_BAUD);
+    let builder_timeout = builder.timeout(Duration::from_millis(500));
+    let mut port = builder_timeout.open()
+        .map_err(|e| format!("Cannot open {}: {}", port_name, e))?;
+
+    // Step 1: Enter bootloader
+    send_progress(0.0, "Resetting into bootloader...".into());
+    enter_bootloader(&mut port)?;
+
+    // Step 2: Sync at 115200
+    send_progress(0.0, "Syncing with bootloader...".into());
+    sync(&mut port)?;
+    send_progress(0.02, "Bootloader sync OK".into());
+
+    // Step 3: Switch to 460800 baud for faster flashing
+    send_progress(0.03, format!("Switching to {} baud...", FLASH_BAUD));
+    change_baudrate(&mut port, FLASH_BAUD)?;
+    send_progress(0.04, format!("Baud: {}", FLASH_BAUD));
+
+    // Step 4: SPI attach
+    send_progress(0.05, "Attaching SPI flash...".into());
+    spi_attach(&mut port)?;
+
+    // Step 5: Flash begin (this erases the flash — can take several seconds)
+    let total_size = firmware.len() as u32;
+    let num_blocks = (total_size + FLASH_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / FLASH_BLOCK_SIZE;
+    send_progress(0.05, format!("Erasing flash ({} KB)...", total_size / 1024));
+    flash_begin(&mut port, offset, total_size, FLASH_BLOCK_SIZE)?;
+    send_progress(0.10, "Flash erased, writing...".into());
+
+    // Step 6: Flash data blocks
+    for (i, chunk) in firmware.chunks(FLASH_BLOCK_SIZE as usize).enumerate() {
+        // Pad last block to block_size
+        let mut block = chunk.to_vec();
+        let pad_needed = FLASH_BLOCK_SIZE as usize - block.len();
+        if pad_needed > 0 {
+            block.extend(std::iter::repeat(0xFF).take(pad_needed));
+        }
+
+        flash_data(&mut port, i as u32, &block)?;
+
+        let blocks_done = (i + 1) as f32;
+        let total_blocks = num_blocks as f32;
+        let progress = 0.10 + 0.85 * (blocks_done / total_blocks);
+        let msg = format!("Writing block {}/{} ({} KB / {} KB)",
+            i + 1, num_blocks,
+            ((i + 1) as u32 * FLASH_BLOCK_SIZE).min(total_size) / 1024,
+            total_size / 1024);
+        send_progress(progress, msg);
+    }
+
+    // Step 7: Flash end + reboot
+    send_progress(0.97, "Finalizing...".into());
+    flash_end(&mut port, true)?;
+
+    send_progress(1.0, format!("Flash OK — {} KB written at 0x{:X}", total_size / 1024, offset));
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+// ==================== Tests ====================
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn slip_encode_no_special() {
+        let data = vec![0x01, 0x02, 0x03];
+        let encoded = slip_encode(&data);
+        assert_eq!(encoded, vec![0xC0, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0xC0]);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn slip_encode_with_end_byte() {
+        let data = vec![0x01, 0xC0, 0x03];
+        let encoded = slip_encode(&data);
+        assert_eq!(encoded, vec![0xC0, 0x01, 0xDB, 0xDC, 0x03, 0xC0]);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn slip_encode_with_esc_byte() {
+        let data = vec![0x01, 0xDB, 0x03];
+        let encoded = slip_encode(&data);
+        assert_eq!(encoded, vec![0xC0, 0x01, 0xDB, 0xDD, 0x03, 0xC0]);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn slip_roundtrip() {
+        let original = vec![0xC0, 0xDB, 0x00, 0xFF, 0xC0];
+        let encoded = slip_encode(&original);
+        let decoded = slip_decode(&encoded);
+        assert_eq!(decoded, original);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn xor_checksum_basic() {
+        let data = vec![0x01, 0x02, 0x03];
+        let chk = xor_checksum(&data);
+        let expected = 0xEF ^ 0x01 ^ 0x02 ^ 0x03;
+        assert_eq!(chk, expected as u32);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn xor_checksum_empty() {
+        let chk = xor_checksum(&[]);
+        assert_eq!(chk, 0xEF);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn build_command_format() {
+        let data = vec![0xAA, 0xBB];
+        let pkt = build_command(0x08, &data, 0x12345678);
+        assert_eq!(pkt[0], 0x00); // direction
+        assert_eq!(pkt[1], 0x08); // command
+        assert_eq!(pkt[2], 0x02); // size low
+        assert_eq!(pkt[3], 0x00); // size high
+        assert_eq!(pkt[4], 0x78); // checksum byte 0
+        assert_eq!(pkt[5], 0x56); // checksum byte 1
+        assert_eq!(pkt[6], 0x34); // checksum byte 2
+        assert_eq!(pkt[7], 0x12); // checksum byte 3
+        assert_eq!(pkt[8], 0xAA); // data
+        assert_eq!(pkt[9], 0xBB);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/logic/keycode.rs b/src/logic/keycode.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6709ee3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/logic/keycode.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,390 @@
+/// Decode a raw 16-bit keycode into a human-readable string.
+///
+/// Covers all KaSe firmware keycode ranges: HID basic keys, layer switches,
+/// macros, Bluetooth, one-shot, mod-tap, layer-tap, tap-dance, and more.
+pub fn decode_keycode(raw: u16) -> String {
+    // --- HID basic keycodes 0x00..=0xE7 ---
+    if raw <= 0x00E7 {
+        return hid_key_name(raw as u8);
+    }
+
+    // --- MO (Momentary Layer): 0x0100..=0x0A00, low byte == 0 ---
+    if raw >= 0x0100 && raw <= 0x0A00 && (raw & 0xFF) == 0 {
+        let layer = (raw >> 8) - 1;
+        return format!("MO {layer}");
+    }
+
+    // --- TO (Toggle Layer): 0x0B00..=0x1400, low byte == 0 ---
+    if raw >= 0x0B00 && raw <= 0x1400 && (raw & 0xFF) == 0 {
+        let layer = (raw >> 8) - 0x0B;
+        return format!("TO {layer}");
+    }
+
+    // --- MACRO: 0x1500..=0x2800, low byte == 0 ---
+    if raw >= 0x1500 && raw <= 0x2800 && (raw & 0xFF) == 0 {
+        let idx = (raw >> 8) - 0x14;
+        return format!("M{idx}");
+    }
+
+    // --- BT keycodes ---
+    match raw {
+        0x2900 => return "BT Next".into(),
+        0x2A00 => return "BT Prev".into(),
+        0x2B00 => return "BT Pair".into(),
+        0x2C00 => return "BT Disc".into(),
+        0x2E00 => return "USB/BT".into(),
+        0x2F00 => return "BT On/Off".into(),
+        _ => {}
+    }
+
+    // --- OSM (One-Shot Mod): 0x3000..=0x30FF ---
+    if raw >= 0x3000 && raw <= 0x30FF {
+        let mods = (raw & 0xFF) as u8;
+        return format!("OSM {}", mod_name(mods));
+    }
+
+    // --- OSL (One-Shot Layer): 0x3100..=0x310F ---
+    if raw >= 0x3100 && raw <= 0x310F {
+        let layer = raw & 0x0F;
+        return format!("OSL {layer}");
+    }
+
+    // --- Fixed special codes ---
+    match raw {
+        0x3200 => return "Caps Word".into(),
+        0x3300 => return "Repeat".into(),
+        0x3400 => return "Leader".into(),
+        0x3500 => return "Feed".into(),
+        0x3600 => return "Play".into(),
+        0x3700 => return "Sleep".into(),
+        0x3800 => return "Meds".into(),
+        0x3900 => return "GEsc".into(),
+        0x3A00 => return "Layer Lock".into(),
+        0x3C00 => return "AS Toggle".into(),
+        _ => {}
+    }
+
+    // --- KO (Key Override) slots: 0x3D00..=0x3DFF ---
+    if raw >= 0x3D00 && raw <= 0x3DFF {
+        let slot = raw & 0xFF;
+        return format!("KO {slot}");
+    }
+
+    // --- LT (Layer-Tap): 0x4000..=0x4FFF ---
+    //     layout: 0x4LKK  where L = layer (0..F), KK = HID keycode
+    if raw >= 0x4000 && raw <= 0x4FFF {
+        let layer = (raw >> 8) & 0x0F;
+        let kc = (raw & 0xFF) as u8;
+        return format!("LT {} {}", layer, hid_key_name(kc));
+    }
+
+    // --- MT (Mod-Tap): 0x5000..=0x5FFF ---
+    //     layout: 0x5MKK  where M = mod nibble (4 bits), KK = HID keycode
+    if raw >= 0x5000 && raw <= 0x5FFF {
+        let mods = ((raw >> 8) & 0x0F) as u8;
+        let kc = (raw & 0xFF) as u8;
+        return format!("MT {} {}", mod_name(mods), hid_key_name(kc));
+    }
+
+    // --- TD (Tap Dance): 0x6000..=0x6FFF ---
+    if raw >= 0x6000 && raw <= 0x6FFF {
+        let index = (raw >> 8) & 0x0F;
+        return format!("TD {index}");
+    }
+
+    // --- Unknown ---
+    format!("0x{raw:04X}")
+}
+
+/// Decode a modifier bitmask into a human-readable string.
+///
+/// Bits: 0x01=Ctrl, 0x02=Shift, 0x04=Alt, 0x08=GUI,
+///       0x10=RCtrl, 0x20=RShift, 0x40=RAlt, 0x80=RGUI.
+/// Multiple modifiers are joined with "+".
+pub fn mod_name(mod_mask: u8) -> String {
+    let mut parts = Vec::new();
+    if mod_mask & 0x01 != 0 { parts.push("Ctrl"); }
+    if mod_mask & 0x02 != 0 { parts.push("Shift"); }
+    if mod_mask & 0x04 != 0 { parts.push("Alt"); }
+    if mod_mask & 0x08 != 0 { parts.push("GUI"); }
+    if mod_mask & 0x10 != 0 { parts.push("RCtrl"); }
+    if mod_mask & 0x20 != 0 { parts.push("RShift"); }
+    if mod_mask & 0x40 != 0 { parts.push("RAlt"); }
+    if mod_mask & 0x80 != 0 { parts.push("RGUI"); }
+    if parts.is_empty() {
+        format!("0x{mod_mask:02X}")
+    } else {
+        parts.join("+")
+    }
+}
+
+/// Map a single HID usage code (0x00..=0xE7) to a short readable name.
+pub fn hid_key_name(code: u8) -> String {
+    match code {
+        // No key / transparent
+        0x00 => "None",
+        // 0x01 = ErrorRollOver, 0x02 = POSTFail, 0x03 = ErrorUndefined (not user-facing)
+        0x01 => "ErrRollOver",
+        0x02 => "POSTFail",
+        0x03 => "ErrUndef",
+
+        // Letters
+        0x04 => "A",
+        0x05 => "B",
+        0x06 => "C",
+        0x07 => "D",
+        0x08 => "E",
+        0x09 => "F",
+        0x0A => "G",
+        0x0B => "H",
+        0x0C => "I",
+        0x0D => "J",
+        0x0E => "K",
+        0x0F => "L",
+        0x10 => "M",
+        0x11 => "N",
+        0x12 => "O",
+        0x13 => "P",
+        0x14 => "Q",
+        0x15 => "R",
+        0x16 => "S",
+        0x17 => "T",
+        0x18 => "U",
+        0x19 => "V",
+        0x1A => "W",
+        0x1B => "X",
+        0x1C => "Y",
+        0x1D => "Z",
+
+        // Number row
+        0x1E => "1",
+        0x1F => "2",
+        0x20 => "3",
+        0x21 => "4",
+        0x22 => "5",
+        0x23 => "6",
+        0x24 => "7",
+        0x25 => "8",
+        0x26 => "9",
+        0x27 => "0",
+
+        // Common control keys
+        0x28 => "Enter",
+        0x29 => "Esc",
+        0x2A => "Backspace",
+        0x2B => "Tab",
+        0x2C => "Space",
+
+        // Punctuation / symbols
+        0x2D => "-",
+        0x2E => "=",
+        0x2F => "[",
+        0x30 => "]",
+        0x31 => "\\",
+        0x32 => "Europe1",
+        0x33 => ";",
+        0x34 => "'",
+        0x35 => "`",
+        0x36 => ",",
+        0x37 => ".",
+        0x38 => "/",
+
+        // Caps Lock
+        0x39 => "Caps Lock",
+
+        // Function keys
+        0x3A => "F1",
+        0x3B => "F2",
+        0x3C => "F3",
+        0x3D => "F4",
+        0x3E => "F5",
+        0x3F => "F6",
+        0x40 => "F7",
+        0x41 => "F8",
+        0x42 => "F9",
+        0x43 => "F10",
+        0x44 => "F11",
+        0x45 => "F12",
+
+        // Navigation / editing cluster
+        0x46 => "PrtSc",
+        0x47 => "ScrLk",
+        0x48 => "Pause",
+        0x49 => "Ins",
+        0x4A => "Home",
+        0x4B => "PgUp",
+        0x4C => "Del",
+        0x4D => "End",
+        0x4E => "PgDn",
+
+        // Arrow keys
+        0x4F => "Right",
+        0x50 => "Left",
+        0x51 => "Down",
+        0x52 => "Up",
+
+        // Keypad
+        0x53 => "NumLk",
+        0x54 => "Num /",
+        0x55 => "Num *",
+        0x56 => "Num -",
+        0x57 => "Num +",
+        0x58 => "Num Enter",
+        0x59 => "Num 1",
+        0x5A => "Num 2",
+        0x5B => "Num 3",
+        0x5C => "Num 4",
+        0x5D => "Num 5",
+        0x5E => "Num 6",
+        0x5F => "Num 7",
+        0x60 => "Num 8",
+        0x61 => "Num 9",
+        0x62 => "Num 0",
+        0x63 => "Num .",
+        0x64 => "Europe2",
+        0x65 => "Menu",
+        0x66 => "Power",
+        0x67 => "Num =",
+
+        // F13-F24
+        0x68 => "F13",
+        0x69 => "F14",
+        0x6A => "F15",
+        0x6B => "F16",
+        0x6C => "F17",
+        0x6D => "F18",
+        0x6E => "F19",
+        0x6F => "F20",
+        0x70 => "F21",
+        0x71 => "F22",
+        0x72 => "F23",
+        0x73 => "F24",
+
+        // Misc system keys
+        0x74 => "Execute",
+        0x75 => "Help",
+        0x76 => "Menu2",
+        0x77 => "Select",
+        0x78 => "Stop",
+        0x79 => "Again",
+        0x7A => "Undo",
+        0x7B => "Cut",
+        0x7C => "Copy",
+        0x7D => "Paste",
+        0x7E => "Find",
+        0x7F => "Mute",
+        0x80 => "Vol Up",
+        0x81 => "Vol Down",
+
+        // Locking keys
+        0x82 => "Lock Caps",
+        0x83 => "Lock Num",
+        0x84 => "Lock Scroll",
+
+        // Keypad extras
+        0x85 => "Num ,",
+        0x86 => "Num =2",
+
+        // International / Kanji
+        0x87 => "Kanji1",
+        0x88 => "Kanji2",
+        0x89 => "Kanji3",
+        0x8A => "Kanji4",
+        0x8B => "Kanji5",
+        0x8C => "Kanji6",
+        0x8D => "Kanji7",
+        0x8E => "Kanji8",
+        0x8F => "Kanji9",
+
+        // Language keys
+        0x90 => "Lang1",
+        0x91 => "Lang2",
+        0x92 => "Lang3",
+        0x93 => "Lang4",
+        0x94 => "Lang5",
+        0x95 => "Lang6",
+        0x96 => "Lang7",
+        0x97 => "Lang8",
+        0x98 => "Lang9",
+
+        // Rare system keys
+        0x99 => "Alt Erase",
+        0x9A => "SysReq",
+        0x9B => "Cancel",
+        0x9C => "Clear",
+        0x9D => "Prior",
+        0x9E => "Return",
+        0x9F => "Separator",
+        0xA0 => "Out",
+        0xA1 => "Oper",
+        0xA2 => "Clear Again",
+        0xA3 => "CrSel",
+        0xA4 => "ExSel",
+
+        // 0xA5..=0xAF reserved / not defined in standard HID tables
+
+        // Extended keypad
+        0xB0 => "Num 00",
+        0xB1 => "Num 000",
+        0xB2 => "Thousands Sep",
+        0xB3 => "Decimal Sep",
+        0xB4 => "Currency",
+        0xB5 => "Currency Sub",
+        0xB6 => "Num (",
+        0xB7 => "Num )",
+        0xB8 => "Num {",
+        0xB9 => "Num }",
+        0xBA => "Num Tab",
+        0xBB => "Num Bksp",
+        0xBC => "Num A",
+        0xBD => "Num B",
+        0xBE => "Num C",
+        0xBF => "Num D",
+        0xC0 => "Num E",
+        0xC1 => "Num F",
+        0xC2 => "Num XOR",
+        0xC3 => "Num ^",
+        0xC4 => "Num %",
+        0xC5 => "Num <",
+        0xC6 => "Num >",
+        0xC7 => "Num &",
+        0xC8 => "Num &&",
+        0xC9 => "Num |",
+        0xCA => "Num ||",
+        0xCB => "Num :",
+        0xCC => "Num #",
+        0xCD => "Num Space",
+        0xCE => "Num @",
+        0xCF => "Num !",
+        0xD0 => "Num M Store",
+        0xD1 => "Num M Recall",
+        0xD2 => "Num M Clear",
+        0xD3 => "Num M+",
+        0xD4 => "Num M-",
+        0xD5 => "Num M*",
+        0xD6 => "Num M/",
+        0xD7 => "Num +/-",
+        0xD8 => "Num Clear",
+        0xD9 => "Num ClrEntry",
+        0xDA => "Num Binary",
+        0xDB => "Num Octal",
+        0xDC => "Num Decimal",
+        0xDD => "Num Hex",
+
+        // 0xDE..=0xDF reserved
+
+        // Modifier keys
+        0xE0 => "LCtrl",
+        0xE1 => "LShift",
+        0xE2 => "LAlt",
+        0xE3 => "LGUI",
+        0xE4 => "RCtrl",
+        0xE5 => "RShift",
+        0xE6 => "RAlt",
+        0xE7 => "RGUI",
+
+        // Anything else in 0x00..=0xFF not covered above
+        _ => return format!("0x{code:02X}"),
+    }
+    .into()
+}
diff --git a/src/logic/layout.rs b/src/logic/layout.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3a093b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/logic/layout.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,286 @@
+use serde_json::Value;
+
+/// A keycap with computed absolute position.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub struct KeycapPos {
+    pub row: usize,
+    pub col: usize,
+    pub x: f32,
+    pub y: f32,
+    pub w: f32,
+    pub h: f32,
+    pub angle: f32, // degrees
+}
+
+const KEY_SIZE: f32 = 50.0;
+const KEY_GAP: f32 = 4.0;
+
+/// Parse a layout JSON string into absolute key positions.
+pub fn parse_json(json: &str) -> Result<Vec<KeycapPos>, String> {
+    let val: Value = serde_json::from_str(json)
+        .map_err(|e| format!("Invalid layout JSON: {}", e))?;
+    let mut keys = Vec::new();
+    walk(&val, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, &mut keys);
+    if keys.is_empty() {
+        return Err("No keys found in layout".into());
+    }
+    Ok(keys)
+}
+
+/// Default layout embedded at compile time.
+pub fn default_layout() -> Vec<KeycapPos> {
+    let json = include_str!(concat!(env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR"), "/default.json"));
+    parse_json(json).unwrap_or_default()
+}
+
+fn walk(node: &Value, ox: f32, oy: f32, parent_angle: f32, out: &mut Vec<KeycapPos>) {
+    let obj = match node.as_object() {
+        Some(o) => o,
+        None => return,
+    };
+
+    for (key, val) in obj {
+        let key_str = key.as_str();
+        match key_str {
+            "Group" => walk_group(val, ox, oy, parent_angle, out),
+            "Line" => walk_line(val, ox, oy, parent_angle, out),
+            "Keycap" => walk_keycap(val, ox, oy, parent_angle, out),
+            _ => {}
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn parse_margin(val: &Value) -> (f32, f32, f32, f32) {
+    let as_str = val.as_str();
+    if let Some(s) = as_str {
+        let split = s.split(',');
+        let parts: Vec<f32> = split
+            .filter_map(|p| {
+                let trimmed = p.trim();
+                let parsed = trimmed.parse().ok();
+                parsed
+            })
+            .collect();
+        let has_four_parts = parts.len() == 4;
+        if has_four_parts {
+            return (parts[0], parts[1], parts[2], parts[3]);
+        }
+    }
+    (0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0)
+}
+
+fn parse_angle(val: &Value) -> f32 {
+    let rotate_transform = val.get("RotateTransform");
+    let angle_val = rotate_transform
+        .and_then(|rt| rt.get("Angle"));
+    let angle_f64 = angle_val
+        .and_then(|a| a.as_f64());
+    let angle = angle_f64.unwrap_or(0.0) as f32;
+    angle
+}
+
+fn walk_group(val: &Value, ox: f32, oy: f32, parent_angle: f32, out: &mut Vec<KeycapPos>) {
+    let obj = match val.as_object() {
+        Some(o) => o,
+        None => return,
+    };
+
+    let margin_val = obj.get("Margin");
+    let (ml, mt, _, _) = margin_val
+        .map(parse_margin)
+        .unwrap_or_default();
+    let transform_val = obj.get("RenderTransform");
+    let angle = transform_val
+        .map(parse_angle)
+        .unwrap_or(0.0);
+
+    let gx = ox + ml;
+    let gy = oy + mt;
+
+    let children_val = obj.get("Children");
+    let children_array = children_val
+        .and_then(|c| c.as_array());
+    if let Some(children) = children_array {
+        let combined_angle = parent_angle + angle;
+        for child in children {
+            walk(child, gx, gy, combined_angle, out);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn walk_line(val: &Value, ox: f32, oy: f32, parent_angle: f32, out: &mut Vec<KeycapPos>) {
+    let obj = match val.as_object() {
+        Some(o) => o,
+        None => return,
+    };
+
+    let margin_val = obj.get("Margin");
+    let (ml, mt, _, _) = margin_val
+        .map(parse_margin)
+        .unwrap_or_default();
+    let transform_val = obj.get("RenderTransform");
+    let angle = transform_val
+        .map(parse_angle)
+        .unwrap_or(0.0);
+    let total_angle = parent_angle + angle;
+
+    let orientation_val = obj.get("Orientation");
+    let orientation_str = orientation_val
+        .and_then(|o| o.as_str())
+        .unwrap_or("Vertical");
+    let horiz = orientation_str == "Horizontal";
+
+    let lx = ox + ml;
+    let ly = oy + mt;
+
+    let rad = total_angle.to_radians();
+    let cos_a = rad.cos();
+    let sin_a = rad.sin();
+
+    let mut cursor = 0.0f32;
+
+    let children_val = obj.get("Children");
+    let children_array = children_val
+        .and_then(|c| c.as_array());
+    if let Some(children) = children_array {
+        for child in children {
+            let (cx, cy) = if horiz {
+                let x = lx + cursor * cos_a;
+                let y = ly + cursor * sin_a;
+                (x, y)
+            } else {
+                let x = lx - cursor * sin_a;
+                let y = ly + cursor * cos_a;
+                (x, y)
+            };
+
+            let child_size = measure(child, horiz);
+            walk(child, cx, cy, total_angle, out);
+            cursor += child_size;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Measure a child's extent along the parent's main axis.
+fn measure(node: &Value, horiz: bool) -> f32 {
+    let obj = match node.as_object() {
+        Some(o) => o,
+        None => return 0.0,
+    };
+
+    for (key, val) in obj {
+        let key_str = key.as_str();
+        match key_str {
+            "Keycap" => {
+                let width_val = val.get("Width");
+                let width_f64 = width_val
+                    .and_then(|v| v.as_f64());
+                let w = width_f64.unwrap_or(KEY_SIZE as f64) as f32;
+                let extent = if horiz {
+                    w + KEY_GAP
+                } else {
+                    KEY_SIZE + KEY_GAP
+                };
+                return extent;
+            }
+            "Line" => {
+                let sub = match val.as_object() {
+                    Some(o) => o,
+                    None => return 0.0,
+                };
+                let sub_orientation = sub.get("Orientation");
+                let sub_orient_str = sub_orientation
+                    .and_then(|o| o.as_str())
+                    .unwrap_or("Vertical");
+                let sub_horiz = sub_orient_str == "Horizontal";
+
+                let sub_children_val = sub.get("Children");
+                let sub_children_array = sub_children_val
+                    .and_then(|c| c.as_array());
+                let children = sub_children_array
+                    .map(|a| a.as_slice())
+                    .unwrap_or(&[]);
+
+                let same_direction = sub_horiz == horiz;
+                let content: f32 = if same_direction {
+                    // Same direction: sum
+                    children
+                        .iter()
+                        .map(|c| measure(c, sub_horiz))
+                        .sum()
+                } else {
+                    // Cross direction: max
+                    children
+                        .iter()
+                        .map(|c| measure(c, horiz))
+                        .fold(0.0f32, f32::max)
+                };
+
+                return content;
+            }
+            "Group" => {
+                let sub = match val.as_object() {
+                    Some(o) => o,
+                    None => return 0.0,
+                };
+                let sub_children_val = sub.get("Children");
+                let sub_children_array = sub_children_val
+                    .and_then(|c| c.as_array());
+                let children = sub_children_array
+                    .map(|a| a.as_slice())
+                    .unwrap_or(&[]);
+                let max_extent = children
+                    .iter()
+                    .map(|c| measure(c, horiz))
+                    .fold(0.0f32, f32::max);
+                return max_extent;
+            }
+            _ => {}
+        }
+    }
+    0.0
+}
+
+fn walk_keycap(val: &Value, ox: f32, oy: f32, parent_angle: f32, out: &mut Vec<KeycapPos>) {
+    let obj = match val.as_object() {
+        Some(o) => o,
+        None => return,
+    };
+
+    let col_val = obj.get("Column");
+    let col_u64 = col_val
+        .and_then(|v| v.as_u64());
+    let col = col_u64.unwrap_or(0) as usize;
+
+    let row_val = obj.get("Row");
+    let row_u64 = row_val
+        .and_then(|v| v.as_u64());
+    let row = row_u64.unwrap_or(0) as usize;
+
+    let width_val = obj.get("Width");
+    let width_f64 = width_val
+        .and_then(|v| v.as_f64());
+    let w = width_f64.unwrap_or(KEY_SIZE as f64) as f32;
+
+    let margin_val = obj.get("Margin");
+    let (ml, mt, _, _) = margin_val
+        .map(parse_margin)
+        .unwrap_or_default();
+
+    let transform_val = obj.get("RenderTransform");
+    let angle = transform_val
+        .map(parse_angle)
+        .unwrap_or(0.0);
+
+    let total_angle = parent_angle + angle;
+
+    out.push(KeycapPos {
+        row,
+        col,
+        x: ox + ml,
+        y: oy + mt,
+        w,
+        h: KEY_SIZE,
+        angle: total_angle,
+    });
+}
diff --git a/src/logic/layout_remap.rs b/src/logic/layout_remap.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..023f97d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/logic/layout_remap.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,339 @@
+/// Remaps HID key names to their visual representation based on the user's
+/// keyboard layout (language).  Ported from the C# `KeyConverter.LayoutOverrides`.
+
+// Display implementation for the keyboard layout picker in settings.
+impl std::fmt::Display for KeyboardLayout {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        write!(f, "{}", self.name())
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+pub enum KeyboardLayout {
+    Qwerty,
+    Azerty,
+    Qwertz,
+    Dvorak,
+    Colemak,
+    Bepo,
+    QwertyEs,
+    QwertyPt,
+    QwertyIt,
+    QwertyNordic,
+    QwertyBr,
+    QwertyTr,
+    QwertyUk,
+}
+
+impl KeyboardLayout {
+    /// All known layout variants.
+    pub fn all() -> &'static [KeyboardLayout] {
+        &[
+            KeyboardLayout::Qwerty,
+            KeyboardLayout::Azerty,
+            KeyboardLayout::Qwertz,
+            KeyboardLayout::Dvorak,
+            KeyboardLayout::Colemak,
+            KeyboardLayout::Bepo,
+            KeyboardLayout::QwertyEs,
+            KeyboardLayout::QwertyPt,
+            KeyboardLayout::QwertyIt,
+            KeyboardLayout::QwertyNordic,
+            KeyboardLayout::QwertyBr,
+            KeyboardLayout::QwertyTr,
+            KeyboardLayout::QwertyUk,
+        ]
+    }
+
+    /// Human-readable display name.
+    pub fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        match self {
+            KeyboardLayout::Qwerty => "QWERTY",
+            KeyboardLayout::Azerty => "AZERTY",
+            KeyboardLayout::Qwertz => "QWERTZ",
+            KeyboardLayout::Dvorak => "DVORAK",
+            KeyboardLayout::Colemak => "COLEMAK",
+            KeyboardLayout::Bepo => "BEPO",
+            KeyboardLayout::QwertyEs => "QWERTY_ES",
+            KeyboardLayout::QwertyPt => "QWERTY_PT",
+            KeyboardLayout::QwertyIt => "QWERTY_IT",
+            KeyboardLayout::QwertyNordic => "QWERTY_NORDIC",
+            KeyboardLayout::QwertyBr => "QWERTY_BR",
+            KeyboardLayout::QwertyTr => "QWERTY_TR",
+            KeyboardLayout::QwertyUk => "QWERTY_UK",
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Parse a layout name (case-insensitive). Falls back to `Qwerty`.
+    pub fn from_name(s: &str) -> Self {
+        match s.to_ascii_uppercase().as_str() {
+            "QWERTY" => KeyboardLayout::Qwerty,
+            "AZERTY" => KeyboardLayout::Azerty,
+            "QWERTZ" => KeyboardLayout::Qwertz,
+            "DVORAK" => KeyboardLayout::Dvorak,
+            "COLEMAK" => KeyboardLayout::Colemak,
+            "BEPO" | "BÉPO" => KeyboardLayout::Bepo,
+            "QWERTY_ES" => KeyboardLayout::QwertyEs,
+            "QWERTY_PT" => KeyboardLayout::QwertyPt,
+            "QWERTY_IT" => KeyboardLayout::QwertyIt,
+            "QWERTY_NORDIC" => KeyboardLayout::QwertyNordic,
+            "QWERTY_BR" => KeyboardLayout::QwertyBr,
+            "QWERTY_TR" => KeyboardLayout::QwertyTr,
+            "QWERTY_UK" => KeyboardLayout::QwertyUk,
+            _ => KeyboardLayout::Qwerty,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Given a `layout` and an HID key name (e.g. `"A"`, `"COMMA"`, `"SEMICOLON"`),
+/// returns the visual label for that key on the given layout, or `None` when no
+/// override exists (meaning the default / QWERTY label applies).
+///
+/// The lookup is **case-insensitive** on `hid_name`.
+pub fn remap_key_label(layout: &KeyboardLayout, hid_name: &str) -> Option<&'static str> {
+    // Normalise to uppercase for matching.
+    let key = hid_name.to_ascii_uppercase();
+    let key = key.as_str();
+
+    match layout {
+        // QWERTY has no overrides — it *is* the reference layout.
+        KeyboardLayout::Qwerty => None,
+
+        KeyboardLayout::Azerty => match key {
+            "COMMA" | "COMM" | "COMA" => Some(";"),
+            "SEMICOLON" | "SCOLON" | "SCLN" => Some(","),
+            "PERIOD" | "DOT" => Some(":"),
+            "SLASH" | "SLSH" | "/" => Some("!"),
+            "M" => Some(","),
+            "W" => Some("Z"),
+            "Z" => Some("W"),
+            "Q" => Some("A"),
+            "A" => Some("Q"),
+            "," => Some(";"),
+            "." => Some(":"),
+            ";" => Some("M"),
+            "-" | "MINUS" | "MIN" => Some(")"),
+            "BRACKET_LEFT" | "LBRCKT" | "LBRC" | "[" => Some("^"),
+            "BRACKET_RIGHT" | "RBRCKT" | "RBRC" | "]" => Some("$"),
+            "BACKSLASH" | "BSLSH" | "\\" => Some("<"),
+            "APOSTROPHE" | "APO" | "QUOT" | "'" => Some("\u{00f9}"), // ù
+            "1" => Some("& 1"),
+            "2" => Some("\u{00e9} 2 ~"),    // é 2 ~
+            "3" => Some("\" 3 #"),
+            "4" => Some("' 4 }"),
+            "5" => Some("( 5 ["),
+            "6" => Some("- 6 |"),
+            "7" => Some("\u{00e8} 7 `"),     // è 7 `
+            "8" => Some("_ 8 \\"),
+            "9" => Some("\u{00e7} 9 ^"),     // ç 9 ^
+            "0" => Some("\u{00e0} 0 @"),     // à 0 @
+            _ => None,
+        },
+
+        KeyboardLayout::Qwertz => match key {
+            "Y" => Some("Z"),
+            "Z" => Some("Y"),
+            "MINUS" | "MIN" => Some("\u{00df}"),                  // ß
+            "EQUAL" | "EQL" => Some("'"),
+            "BRACKET_LEFT" | "LBRCKT" | "LBRC" => Some("\u{00fc}"), // ü
+            "BRACKET_RIGHT" | "RBRCKT" | "RBRC" => Some("+"),
+            "SEMICOLON" | "SCOLON" | "SCLN" => Some("\u{00f6}"),    // ö
+            "APOSTROPHE" | "APO" | "QUOT" => Some("\u{00e4}"),      // ä
+            "GRAVE" | "GRV" => Some("^"),
+            "SLASH" | "SLSH" => Some("-"),
+            "BACKSLASH" | "BSLSH" => Some("#"),
+            _ => None,
+        },
+
+        KeyboardLayout::Dvorak => match key {
+            "Q" => Some("'"),
+            "W" => Some(","),
+            "E" => Some("."),
+            "R" => Some("P"),
+            "T" => Some("Y"),
+            "Y" => Some("F"),
+            "U" => Some("G"),
+            "I" => Some("C"),
+            "O" => Some("R"),
+            "P" => Some("L"),
+            "A" => Some("A"),
+            "S" => Some("O"),
+            "D" => Some("E"),
+            "F" => Some("U"),
+            "G" => Some("I"),
+            "H" => Some("D"),
+            "J" => Some("H"),
+            "K" => Some("T"),
+            "L" => Some("N"),
+            "SEMICOLON" | "SCOLON" | "SCLN" => Some("S"),
+            "APOSTROPHE" | "APO" | "QUOT" => Some("-"),
+            "Z" => Some(";"),
+            "X" => Some("Q"),
+            "C" => Some("J"),
+            "V" => Some("K"),
+            "B" => Some("X"),
+            "N" => Some("B"),
+            "M" => Some("M"),
+            "COMMA" | "COMM" | "COMA" => Some("W"),
+            "PERIOD" | "DOT" => Some("V"),
+            "SLASH" | "SLSH" => Some("Z"),
+            "MINUS" | "MIN" => Some("["),
+            "EQUAL" | "EQL" => Some("]"),
+            "BRACKET_LEFT" | "LBRCKT" | "LBRC" => Some("/"),
+            "BRACKET_RIGHT" | "RBRCKT" | "RBRC" => Some("="),
+            _ => None,
+        },
+
+        KeyboardLayout::Colemak => match key {
+            "E" => Some("F"),
+            "R" => Some("P"),
+            "T" => Some("G"),
+            "Y" => Some("J"),
+            "U" => Some("L"),
+            "I" => Some("U"),
+            "O" => Some("Y"),
+            "P" => Some(";"),
+            "S" => Some("R"),
+            "D" => Some("S"),
+            "F" => Some("T"),
+            "G" => Some("D"),
+            "J" => Some("N"),
+            "K" => Some("E"),
+            "L" => Some("I"),
+            "SEMICOLON" | "SCOLON" | "SCLN" => Some("O"),
+            "N" => Some("K"),
+            _ => None,
+        },
+
+        KeyboardLayout::Bepo => match key {
+            "Q" => Some("B"),
+            "W" => Some("E"),
+            "E" => Some("P"),
+            "R" => Some("O"),
+            "T" => Some("E"),
+            "Y" => Some("^"),
+            "U" => Some("V"),
+            "I" => Some("D"),
+            "O" => Some("L"),
+            "P" => Some("J"),
+            "A" => Some("A"),
+            "S" => Some("U"),
+            "D" => Some("I"),
+            "F" => Some("E"),
+            "G" => Some(","),
+            "H" => Some("C"),
+            "J" => Some("T"),
+            "K" => Some("S"),
+            "L" => Some("R"),
+            "SEMICOLON" | "SCOLON" | "SCLN" => Some("N"),
+            "Z" => Some("A"),
+            "X" => Some("Y"),
+            "C" => Some("X"),
+            "V" => Some("."),
+            "B" => Some("K"),
+            "N" => Some("'"),
+            "M" => Some("Q"),
+            "COMMA" | "COMM" | "COMA" => Some("G"),
+            "PERIOD" | "DOT" => Some("H"),
+            "SLASH" | "SLSH" => Some("F"),
+            "1" => Some("\""),
+            "2" => Some("<"),
+            "3" => Some(">"),
+            "4" => Some("("),
+            "5" => Some(")"),
+            "6" => Some("@"),
+            "7" => Some("+"),
+            "8" => Some("-"),
+            "9" => Some("/"),
+            "0" => Some("*"),
+            _ => None,
+        },
+
+        KeyboardLayout::QwertyEs => match key {
+            "MINUS" | "MIN" => Some("'"),
+            "EQUAL" | "EQL" => Some("\u{00a1}"),                     // ¡
+            "BRACKET_LEFT" | "LBRCKT" | "LBRC" => Some("`"),
+            "BRACKET_RIGHT" | "RBRCKT" | "RBRC" => Some("+"),
+            "SEMICOLON" | "SCOLON" | "SCLN" => Some("\u{00f1}"),    // ñ
+            "APOSTROPHE" | "APO" | "QUOT" => Some("'"),
+            "GRAVE" | "GRV" => Some("\u{00ba}"),                     // º
+            "SLASH" | "SLSH" => Some("-"),
+            "BACKSLASH" | "BSLSH" => Some("\u{00e7}"),               // ç
+            _ => None,
+        },
+
+        KeyboardLayout::QwertyPt => match key {
+            "MINUS" | "MIN" => Some("'"),
+            "EQUAL" | "EQL" => Some("\u{00ab}"),                     // «
+            "BRACKET_LEFT" | "LBRCKT" | "LBRC" => Some("+"),
+            "BRACKET_RIGHT" | "RBRCKT" | "RBRC" => Some("'"),
+            "SEMICOLON" | "SCOLON" | "SCLN" => Some("\u{00e7}"),    // ç
+            "APOSTROPHE" | "APO" | "QUOT" => Some("\u{00ba}"),      // º
+            "GRAVE" | "GRV" => Some("\\"),
+            "SLASH" | "SLSH" => Some("-"),
+            "BACKSLASH" | "BSLSH" => Some("~"),
+            _ => None,
+        },
+
+        KeyboardLayout::QwertyIt => match key {
+            "MINUS" | "MIN" => Some("'"),
+            "EQUAL" | "EQL" => Some("\u{00ec}"),                     // ì
+            "BRACKET_LEFT" | "LBRCKT" | "LBRC" => Some("\u{00e8}"), // è
+            "BRACKET_RIGHT" | "RBRCKT" | "RBRC" => Some("+"),
+            "SEMICOLON" | "SCOLON" | "SCLN" => Some("\u{00f2}"),    // ò
+            "APOSTROPHE" | "APO" | "QUOT" => Some("\u{00e0}"),      // à
+            "GRAVE" | "GRV" => Some("\\"),
+            "SLASH" | "SLSH" => Some("-"),
+            "BACKSLASH" | "BSLSH" => Some("\u{00f9}"),              // ù
+            _ => None,
+        },
+
+        KeyboardLayout::QwertyNordic => match key {
+            "MINUS" | "MIN" => Some("+"),
+            "EQUAL" | "EQL" => Some("'"),
+            "BRACKET_LEFT" | "LBRCKT" | "LBRC" => Some("\u{00e5}"), // å
+            "BRACKET_RIGHT" | "RBRCKT" | "RBRC" => Some("\u{00a8}"), // ¨
+            "SEMICOLON" | "SCOLON" | "SCLN" => Some("\u{00f6}"),    // ö
+            "APOSTROPHE" | "APO" | "QUOT" => Some("\u{00e4}"),      // ä
+            "GRAVE" | "GRV" => Some("\u{00a7}"),                     // §
+            "SLASH" | "SLSH" => Some("-"),
+            "BACKSLASH" | "BSLSH" => Some("'"),
+            _ => None,
+        },
+
+        KeyboardLayout::QwertyBr => match key {
+            "MINUS" | "MIN" => Some("-"),
+            "EQUAL" | "EQL" => Some("="),
+            "BRACKET_LEFT" | "LBRCKT" | "LBRC" => Some("'"),
+            "BRACKET_RIGHT" | "RBRCKT" | "RBRC" => Some("["),
+            "SEMICOLON" | "SCOLON" | "SCLN" => Some("\u{00e7}"),    // ç
+            "APOSTROPHE" | "APO" | "QUOT" => Some("~"),
+            "GRAVE" | "GRV" => Some("'"),
+            "SLASH" | "SLSH" => Some(";"),
+            "BACKSLASH" | "BSLSH" => Some("]"),
+            _ => None,
+        },
+
+        KeyboardLayout::QwertyTr => match key {
+            "MINUS" | "MIN" => Some("*"),
+            "EQUAL" | "EQL" => Some("-"),
+            "BRACKET_LEFT" | "LBRCKT" | "LBRC" => Some("\u{011f}"), // ğ
+            "BRACKET_RIGHT" | "RBRCKT" | "RBRC" => Some("\u{00fc}"), // ü
+            "SEMICOLON" | "SCOLON" | "SCLN" => Some("\u{015f}"),    // ş
+            "APOSTROPHE" | "APO" | "QUOT" => Some("i"),
+            "GRAVE" | "GRV" => Some("\""),
+            "SLASH" | "SLSH" => Some("."),
+            "BACKSLASH" | "BSLSH" => Some(","),
+            _ => None,
+        },
+
+        KeyboardLayout::QwertyUk => match key {
+            "GRAVE" | "GRV" => Some("`"),
+            "MINUS" | "MIN" => Some("-"),
+            "EQUAL" | "EQL" => Some("="),
+            "BACKSLASH" | "BSLSH" => Some("#"),
+            "APOSTROPHE" | "APO" | "QUOT" => Some("'"),
+            _ => None,
+        },
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/logic/mod.rs b/src/logic/mod.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4ce54e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/logic/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+pub mod binary_protocol;
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+pub mod flasher;
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+pub mod keycode;
+pub mod layout;
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+pub mod layout_remap;
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+pub mod parsers;
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+pub mod protocol;
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+pub mod serial;
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+pub mod settings;
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+pub mod stats_analyzer;
diff --git a/src/logic/parsers.rs b/src/logic/parsers.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6fed54a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/logic/parsers.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,900 @@
+/// Parsing functions for firmware text and binary responses.
+/// Separated for testability.
+
+/// Keyboard physical dimensions (must match firmware).
+pub const ROWS: usize = 5;
+pub const COLS: usize = 13;
+
+/// Parse "TD0: 04,05,06,29" lines into an array of 8 tap dance slots.
+/// Each slot has 4 actions: [1-tap, 2-tap, 3-tap, hold].
+pub fn parse_td_lines(lines: &[String]) -> Vec<[u16; 4]> {
+    let mut result = vec![[0u16; 4]; 8];
+
+    for line in lines {
+        // Only process lines starting with "TD"
+        let starts_with_td = line.starts_with("TD");
+        if !starts_with_td {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // Find the colon separator: "TD0: ..."
+        let colon = match line.find(':') {
+            Some(i) => i,
+            None => continue,
+        };
+
+        // Extract the index between "TD" and ":"
+        let index_str = &line[2..colon];
+        let idx: usize = match index_str.parse() {
+            Ok(i) if i < 8 => i,
+            _ => continue,
+        };
+
+        // Parse the comma-separated hex values after the colon
+        let after_colon = &line[colon + 1..];
+        let trimmed_values = after_colon.trim();
+        let split_parts = trimmed_values.split(',');
+        let vals: Vec<u16> = split_parts
+            .filter_map(|s| {
+                let trimmed_part = s.trim();
+                u16::from_str_radix(trimmed_part, 16).ok()
+            })
+            .collect();
+
+        // We need exactly 4 values
+        let has_four_values = vals.len() == 4;
+        if has_four_values {
+            result[idx] = [vals[0], vals[1], vals[2], vals[3]];
+        }
+    }
+
+    result
+}
+
+/// Parse KO (Key Override) lines into arrays of [trigger, mod, result, res_mod].
+/// Format: "KO0: trigger=2A mod=02 -> result=4C resmod=00"
+pub fn parse_ko_lines(lines: &[String]) -> Vec<[u8; 4]> {
+    let mut result = Vec::new();
+
+    for line in lines {
+        // Only process lines starting with "KO"
+        let starts_with_ko = line.starts_with("KO");
+        if !starts_with_ko {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // Helper: extract hex value after a keyword like "trigger="
+        let parse_hex = |key: &str| -> u8 {
+            let key_position = line.find(key);
+
+            let after_key = match key_position {
+                Some(i) => {
+                    let rest = &line[i + key.len()..];
+                    let first_token = rest.split_whitespace().next();
+                    first_token
+                }
+                None => None,
+            };
+
+            let parsed_value = match after_key {
+                Some(s) => {
+                    let without_prefix = s.trim_start_matches("0x");
+                    u8::from_str_radix(without_prefix, 16).ok()
+                }
+                None => None,
+            };
+
+            parsed_value.unwrap_or(0)
+        };
+
+        let trigger = parse_hex("trigger=");
+        let modifier = parse_hex("mod=");
+        let result_key = parse_hex("result=");
+        let result_mod = parse_hex("resmod=");
+
+        result.push([trigger, modifier, result_key, result_mod]);
+    }
+
+    result
+}
+
+/// Parse heatmap lines (KEYSTATS? response).
+/// Format: "R0:   100    50    30    20    10     5     0    15    25    35    45    55    65"
+/// Returns (data[5][13], max_value).
+pub fn parse_heatmap_lines(lines: &[String]) -> (Vec<Vec<u32>>, u32) {
+    let mut data: Vec<Vec<u32>> = vec![vec![0u32; COLS]; ROWS];
+    let mut max = 0u32;
+
+    for line in lines {
+        let trimmed = line.trim();
+
+        // Only process lines starting with "R"
+        if !trimmed.starts_with('R') {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // Find the colon
+        let colon = match trimmed.find(':') {
+            Some(i) => i,
+            None => continue,
+        };
+
+        // Extract row number between "R" and ":"
+        let row_str = &trimmed[1..colon];
+        let row: usize = match row_str.parse() {
+            Ok(r) if r < ROWS => r,
+            _ => continue,
+        };
+
+        // Parse space-separated values after the colon
+        let values_str = &trimmed[colon + 1..];
+        for (col, token) in values_str.split_whitespace().enumerate() {
+            if col >= COLS {
+                break;
+            }
+            let count: u32 = token.parse().unwrap_or(0);
+            data[row][col] = count;
+            if count > max {
+                max = count;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    (data, max)
+}
+
+/// Parsed combo: [index, row1, col1, row2, col2, result_keycode]
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct ComboEntry {
+    pub index: u8,
+    pub r1: u8,
+    pub c1: u8,
+    pub r2: u8,
+    pub c2: u8,
+    pub result: u16,
+}
+
+/// Parse "COMBO0: r3c3+r3c4=29" lines.
+pub fn parse_combo_lines(lines: &[String]) -> Vec<ComboEntry> {
+    let mut result = Vec::new();
+
+    for line in lines {
+        let starts_with_combo = line.starts_with("COMBO");
+        if !starts_with_combo {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // Find colon: "COMBO0: ..."
+        let colon = match line.find(':') {
+            Some(i) => i,
+            None => continue,
+        };
+
+        // Index between "COMBO" and ":"
+        let index_str = &line[5..colon];
+        let index: u8 = match index_str.parse() {
+            Ok(i) => i,
+            _ => continue,
+        };
+
+        // After colon: "r3c3+r3c4=29"
+        let rest = line[colon + 1..].trim();
+
+        // Split by "="
+        let eq_parts: Vec<&str> = rest.split('=').collect();
+        let has_two_parts = eq_parts.len() == 2;
+        if !has_two_parts {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // Split left side by "+"
+        let key_parts: Vec<&str> = eq_parts[0].split('+').collect();
+        let has_two_keys = key_parts.len() == 2;
+        if !has_two_keys {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // Parse "r3c4" format
+        let pos1 = parse_rc(key_parts[0].trim());
+        let pos2 = parse_rc(key_parts[1].trim());
+
+        let (r1, c1) = match pos1 {
+            Some(rc) => rc,
+            None => continue,
+        };
+        let (r2, c2) = match pos2 {
+            Some(rc) => rc,
+            None => continue,
+        };
+
+        // Parse result keycode (hex)
+        let result_str = eq_parts[1].trim();
+        let result_code: u16 = match u16::from_str_radix(result_str, 16) {
+            Ok(v) => v,
+            _ => continue,
+        };
+
+        result.push(ComboEntry {
+            index,
+            r1,
+            c1,
+            r2,
+            c2,
+            result: result_code,
+        });
+    }
+
+    result
+}
+
+/// Parse "r3c4" into (row, col).
+fn parse_rc(s: &str) -> Option<(u8, u8)> {
+    let lower = s.to_lowercase();
+
+    let r_pos = lower.find('r');
+    let c_pos = lower.find('c');
+
+    let r_idx = match r_pos {
+        Some(i) => i,
+        None => return None,
+    };
+    let c_idx = match c_pos {
+        Some(i) => i,
+        None => return None,
+    };
+
+    let row_str = &lower[r_idx + 1..c_idx];
+    let col_str = &lower[c_idx + 1..];
+
+    let row: u8 = match row_str.parse() {
+        Ok(v) => v,
+        _ => return None,
+    };
+    let col: u8 = match col_str.parse() {
+        Ok(v) => v,
+        _ => return None,
+    };
+
+    Some((row, col))
+}
+
+/// Parsed leader sequence entry.
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct LeaderEntry {
+    pub index: u8,
+    pub sequence: Vec<u8>,  // HID keycodes
+    pub result: u8,
+    pub result_mod: u8,
+}
+
+/// Parse "LEADER0: 04,->29+00" lines.
+pub fn parse_leader_lines(lines: &[String]) -> Vec<LeaderEntry> {
+    let mut result = Vec::new();
+
+    for line in lines {
+        let starts_with_leader = line.starts_with("LEADER");
+        if !starts_with_leader {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        let colon = match line.find(':') {
+            Some(i) => i,
+            None => continue,
+        };
+
+        let index_str = &line[6..colon];
+        let index: u8 = match index_str.parse() {
+            Ok(i) => i,
+            _ => continue,
+        };
+
+        // After colon: "04,->29+00"
+        let rest = line[colon + 1..].trim();
+
+        // Split by "->"
+        let arrow_parts: Vec<&str> = rest.split("->").collect();
+        let has_two_parts = arrow_parts.len() == 2;
+        if !has_two_parts {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // Sequence: comma-separated hex keycodes (trailing comma OK)
+        let seq_str = arrow_parts[0].trim().trim_end_matches(',');
+        let sequence: Vec<u8> = seq_str
+            .split(',')
+            .filter_map(|s| {
+                let trimmed = s.trim();
+                u8::from_str_radix(trimmed, 16).ok()
+            })
+            .collect();
+
+        // Result: "29+00" = keycode + modifier
+        let result_parts: Vec<&str> = arrow_parts[1].trim().split('+').collect();
+        let has_result = result_parts.len() == 2;
+        if !has_result {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        let result_key = match u8::from_str_radix(result_parts[0].trim(), 16) {
+            Ok(v) => v,
+            _ => continue,
+        };
+        let result_mod = match u8::from_str_radix(result_parts[1].trim(), 16) {
+            Ok(v) => v,
+            _ => continue,
+        };
+
+        result.push(LeaderEntry {
+            index,
+            sequence,
+            result: result_key,
+            result_mod,
+        });
+    }
+
+    result
+}
+
+/// A single macro step: keycode + modifier, or delay.
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct MacroStep {
+    pub keycode: u8,
+    pub modifier: u8,
+}
+
+impl MacroStep {
+    /// Returns true if this step is a delay (keycode 0xFF).
+    pub fn is_delay(&self) -> bool {
+        self.keycode == 0xFF
+    }
+
+    /// Delay in milliseconds (modifier * 10).
+    pub fn delay_ms(&self) -> u32 {
+        self.modifier as u32 * 10
+    }
+}
+
+/// A parsed macro entry.
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct MacroEntry {
+    pub slot: u8,
+    pub name: String,
+    pub steps: Vec<MacroStep>,
+}
+
+/// Parse MACROS? text response.
+/// Lines can be like:
+///   "MACRO 0: CopyPaste [06:01,FF:0A,19:01]"
+///   "M0: name=CopyPaste steps=06:01,FF:0A,19:01"
+///   or just raw text lines
+pub fn parse_macro_lines(lines: &[String]) -> Vec<MacroEntry> {
+    let mut result = Vec::new();
+
+    for line in lines {
+        // Try format: "MACRO 0: name [steps]" or "M0: ..."
+        let trimmed = line.trim();
+
+        // Skip empty or header lines
+        let is_empty = trimmed.is_empty();
+        if is_empty {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // Try to find slot number
+        let has_macro_prefix = trimmed.starts_with("MACRO") || trimmed.starts_with("M");
+        if !has_macro_prefix {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        let colon = match trimmed.find(':') {
+            Some(i) => i,
+            None => continue,
+        };
+
+        // Extract slot number from prefix
+        let prefix_end = trimmed[..colon].trim();
+        let digits_start = prefix_end
+            .find(|c: char| c.is_ascii_digit())
+            .unwrap_or(prefix_end.len());
+        let slot_str = &prefix_end[digits_start..];
+        let slot: u8 = match slot_str.trim().parse() {
+            Ok(s) => s,
+            _ => continue,
+        };
+
+        let after_colon = trimmed[colon + 1..].trim();
+
+        // Try to parse name and steps from brackets: "CopyPaste [06:01,FF:0A,19:01]"
+        let bracket_start = after_colon.find('[');
+        let bracket_end = after_colon.find(']');
+
+        let (name, steps_str) = match (bracket_start, bracket_end) {
+            (Some(bs), Some(be)) => {
+                let name_part = after_colon[..bs].trim().to_string();
+                let steps_part = &after_colon[bs + 1..be];
+                (name_part, steps_part.to_string())
+            }
+            _ => {
+                // Try "name=X steps=Y" format
+                let name_eq = after_colon.find("name=");
+                let steps_eq = after_colon.find("steps=");
+                match (name_eq, steps_eq) {
+                    (Some(ni), Some(si)) => {
+                        let name_start = ni + 5;
+                        let name_end = si;
+                        let n = after_colon[name_start..name_end].trim().to_string();
+                        let s = after_colon[si + 6..].trim().to_string();
+                        (n, s)
+                    }
+                    _ => {
+                        // Just use the whole thing as name, no steps
+                        (after_colon.to_string(), String::new())
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        };
+
+        // Parse steps: "06:01,FF:0A,19:01"
+        let mut steps = Vec::new();
+        let has_steps = !steps_str.is_empty();
+        if has_steps {
+            let step_parts = steps_str.split(',');
+            for part in step_parts {
+                let step_trimmed = part.trim();
+                let kv: Vec<&str> = step_trimmed.split(':').collect();
+                let has_two = kv.len() == 2;
+                if !has_two {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                let key_byte = u8::from_str_radix(kv[0].trim(), 16).unwrap_or(0);
+                let mod_byte = u8::from_str_radix(kv[1].trim(), 16).unwrap_or(0);
+                steps.push(MacroStep {
+                    keycode: key_byte,
+                    modifier: mod_byte,
+                });
+            }
+        }
+
+        result.push(MacroEntry {
+            slot,
+            name,
+            steps,
+        });
+    }
+
+    result
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Binary payload parsers (protocol v2)
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// These functions parse the *payload* bytes extracted from a KR response frame.
+// They produce the same data types as the text parsers above.
+
+/// Parse TD_LIST (0x51) binary payload.
+/// Format: [count:u8] then count entries of [idx:u8][a1:u8][a2:u8][a3:u8][a4:u8].
+/// Returns Vec<[u16; 4]> with 8 slots (same shape as parse_td_lines).
+pub fn parse_td_binary(payload: &[u8]) -> Vec<[u16; 4]> {
+    let mut result = vec![[0u16; 4]; 8];
+
+    // Need at least 1 byte for count
+    let has_count = !payload.is_empty();
+    if !has_count {
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    let count = payload[0] as usize;
+    let entry_size = 5; // idx(1) + actions(4)
+    let mut offset = 1;
+
+    for _ in 0..count {
+        // Bounds check: need 5 bytes for this entry
+        let remaining = payload.len().saturating_sub(offset);
+        let enough_bytes = remaining >= entry_size;
+        if !enough_bytes {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        let idx = payload[offset] as usize;
+        let action1 = payload[offset + 1] as u16;
+        let action2 = payload[offset + 2] as u16;
+        let action3 = payload[offset + 3] as u16;
+        let action4 = payload[offset + 4] as u16;
+
+        let valid_index = idx < 8;
+        if valid_index {
+            result[idx] = [action1, action2, action3, action4];
+        }
+
+        offset += entry_size;
+    }
+
+    result
+}
+
+/// Parse COMBO_LIST (0x61) binary payload.
+/// Format: [count:u8] then count entries of [idx:u8][r1:u8][c1:u8][r2:u8][c2:u8][result:u8].
+pub fn parse_combo_binary(payload: &[u8]) -> Vec<ComboEntry> {
+    let mut result = Vec::new();
+
+    let has_count = !payload.is_empty();
+    if !has_count {
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    let count = payload[0] as usize;
+    let entry_size = 6; // idx + r1 + c1 + r2 + c2 + result
+    let mut offset = 1;
+
+    for _ in 0..count {
+        let remaining = payload.len().saturating_sub(offset);
+        let enough_bytes = remaining >= entry_size;
+        if !enough_bytes {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        let index = payload[offset];
+        let r1 = payload[offset + 1];
+        let c1 = payload[offset + 2];
+        let r2 = payload[offset + 3];
+        let c2 = payload[offset + 4];
+        let result_code = payload[offset + 5] as u16;
+
+        result.push(ComboEntry {
+            index,
+            r1,
+            c1,
+            r2,
+            c2,
+            result: result_code,
+        });
+
+        offset += entry_size;
+    }
+
+    result
+}
+
+/// Parse LEADER_LIST (0x71) binary payload.
+/// Format: [count:u8] then per entry: [idx:u8][seq_len:u8][seq: seq_len bytes][result:u8][result_mod:u8].
+pub fn parse_leader_binary(payload: &[u8]) -> Vec<LeaderEntry> {
+    let mut result = Vec::new();
+
+    let has_count = !payload.is_empty();
+    if !has_count {
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    let count = payload[0] as usize;
+    let mut offset = 1;
+
+    for _ in 0..count {
+        // Need at least idx(1) + seq_len(1)
+        let remaining = payload.len().saturating_sub(offset);
+        let enough_for_header = remaining >= 2;
+        if !enough_for_header {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        let index = payload[offset];
+        let seq_len = payload[offset + 1] as usize;
+        offset += 2;
+
+        // Need seq_len bytes for sequence + 2 bytes for result+result_mod
+        let remaining_after_header = payload.len().saturating_sub(offset);
+        let enough_for_body = remaining_after_header >= seq_len + 2;
+        if !enough_for_body {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        let sequence = payload[offset..offset + seq_len].to_vec();
+        offset += seq_len;
+
+        let result_key = payload[offset];
+        let result_mod = payload[offset + 1];
+        offset += 2;
+
+        result.push(LeaderEntry {
+            index,
+            sequence,
+            result: result_key,
+            result_mod,
+        });
+    }
+
+    result
+}
+
+/// Parse KO_LIST (0x92) binary payload.
+/// Format: [count:u8] then count entries of [idx:u8][trigger_key:u8][trigger_mod:u8][result_key:u8][result_mod:u8].
+/// Returns Vec<[u8; 4]> = [trigger_key, trigger_mod, result_key, result_mod] (same as parse_ko_lines).
+pub fn parse_ko_binary(payload: &[u8]) -> Vec<[u8; 4]> {
+    let mut result = Vec::new();
+
+    let has_count = !payload.is_empty();
+    if !has_count {
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    let count = payload[0] as usize;
+    let entry_size = 5; // idx + trigger_key + trigger_mod + result_key + result_mod
+    let mut offset = 1;
+
+    for _ in 0..count {
+        let remaining = payload.len().saturating_sub(offset);
+        let enough_bytes = remaining >= entry_size;
+        if !enough_bytes {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        // idx is payload[offset], but we skip it (not stored in output)
+        let trigger_key = payload[offset + 1];
+        let trigger_mod = payload[offset + 2];
+        let result_key = payload[offset + 3];
+        let result_mod = payload[offset + 4];
+
+        result.push([trigger_key, trigger_mod, result_key, result_mod]);
+
+        offset += entry_size;
+    }
+
+    result
+}
+
+/// Parse BT_QUERY (0x80) binary payload.
+/// Format: [active_slot:u8][initialized:u8][connected:u8][pairing:u8]
+///         then 3 slot entries: [slot_idx:u8][valid:u8][addr:6 bytes][name_len:u8][name: name_len bytes]
+/// Returns Vec<String> of text lines compatible with the UI (same shape as legacy text parsing).
+pub fn parse_bt_binary(payload: &[u8]) -> Vec<String> {
+    let mut lines = Vec::new();
+
+    // Need at least 4 bytes for the global state header
+    let enough_for_header = payload.len() >= 4;
+    if !enough_for_header {
+        return lines;
+    }
+
+    let active_slot = payload[0];
+    let initialized = payload[1];
+    let connected = payload[2];
+    let pairing = payload[3];
+
+    let status_line = format!(
+        "BT: slot={} init={} conn={} pairing={}",
+        active_slot, initialized, connected, pairing
+    );
+    lines.push(status_line);
+
+    let mut offset = 4;
+    let slot_count = 3;
+
+    for _ in 0..slot_count {
+        // Each slot: slot_idx(1) + valid(1) + addr(6) + name_len(1) = 9 bytes minimum
+        let remaining = payload.len().saturating_sub(offset);
+        let enough_for_slot_header = remaining >= 9;
+        if !enough_for_slot_header {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        let slot_idx = payload[offset];
+        let valid = payload[offset + 1];
+        let addr_bytes = &payload[offset + 2..offset + 8];
+        let name_len = payload[offset + 8] as usize;
+        offset += 9;
+
+        // Read the name string
+        let remaining_for_name = payload.len().saturating_sub(offset);
+        let enough_for_name = remaining_for_name >= name_len;
+        if !enough_for_name {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        let name_bytes = &payload[offset..offset + name_len];
+        let name = String::from_utf8_lossy(name_bytes).to_string();
+        offset += name_len;
+
+        // Format address as "XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX"
+        let addr_str = format!(
+            "{:02X}:{:02X}:{:02X}:{:02X}:{:02X}:{:02X}",
+            addr_bytes[0], addr_bytes[1], addr_bytes[2],
+            addr_bytes[3], addr_bytes[4], addr_bytes[5]
+        );
+
+        let slot_line = format!(
+            "BT slot {}: valid={} addr={} name={}",
+            slot_idx, valid, addr_str, name
+        );
+        lines.push(slot_line);
+    }
+
+    lines
+}
+
+/// Parse TAMA_QUERY (0xA0) binary payload (22 bytes fixed).
+/// Format: [enabled:u8][state:u8][hunger:u16 LE][happiness:u16 LE][energy:u16 LE]
+///         [health:u16 LE][level:u16 LE][xp:u16 LE][total_keys:u32 LE][max_kpm:u32 LE]
+/// Returns Vec<String> with one summary line.
+pub fn parse_tama_binary(payload: &[u8]) -> Vec<String> {
+    let expected_size = 22;
+    let enough_bytes = payload.len() >= expected_size;
+    if !enough_bytes {
+        return vec!["TAMA: invalid payload".to_string()];
+    }
+
+    let enabled = payload[0];
+    let _state = payload[1];
+
+    let hunger = u16::from_le_bytes([payload[2], payload[3]]);
+    let happiness = u16::from_le_bytes([payload[4], payload[5]]);
+    let energy = u16::from_le_bytes([payload[6], payload[7]]);
+    let health = u16::from_le_bytes([payload[8], payload[9]]);
+    let level = u16::from_le_bytes([payload[10], payload[11]]);
+    let _xp = u16::from_le_bytes([payload[12], payload[13]]);
+    let total_keys = u32::from_le_bytes([payload[14], payload[15], payload[16], payload[17]]);
+    let _max_kpm = u32::from_le_bytes([payload[18], payload[19], payload[20], payload[21]]);
+
+    let line = format!(
+        "TAMA: Lv{} hunger={} happy={} energy={} health={} keys={} enabled={}",
+        level, hunger, happiness, energy, health, total_keys, enabled
+    );
+
+    vec![line]
+}
+
+/// Parse WPM_QUERY (0x93) binary payload (2 bytes fixed).
+/// Format: [wpm:u16 LE]
+pub fn parse_wpm_binary(payload: &[u8]) -> String {
+    let enough_bytes = payload.len() >= 2;
+    if !enough_bytes {
+        return "WPM: 0".to_string();
+    }
+
+    let wpm = u16::from_le_bytes([payload[0], payload[1]]);
+
+    format!("WPM: {}", wpm)
+}
+
+/// Parse LIST_MACROS (0x30) binary payload.
+/// Format: [count:u8] then per entry:
+///   [idx:u8][keycode:u16 LE][name_len:u8][name: name_len bytes]
+///   [keys_len:u8][keys: keys_len bytes][step_count:u8][{kc:u8,mod:u8}... step_count*2 bytes]
+pub fn parse_macros_binary(payload: &[u8]) -> Vec<MacroEntry> {
+    let mut result = Vec::new();
+
+    let has_count = !payload.is_empty();
+    if !has_count {
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    let count = payload[0] as usize;
+    let mut offset = 1;
+
+    for _ in 0..count {
+        // Need at least: idx(1) + keycode(2) + name_len(1) = 4
+        let remaining = payload.len().saturating_sub(offset);
+        let enough_for_prefix = remaining >= 4;
+        if !enough_for_prefix {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        let slot = payload[offset];
+        // keycode is stored but not used in MacroEntry (it's the trigger keycode)
+        let _keycode = u16::from_le_bytes([payload[offset + 1], payload[offset + 2]]);
+        let name_len = payload[offset + 3] as usize;
+        offset += 4;
+
+        // Read name
+        let remaining_for_name = payload.len().saturating_sub(offset);
+        let enough_for_name = remaining_for_name >= name_len;
+        if !enough_for_name {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        let name_bytes = &payload[offset..offset + name_len];
+        let name = String::from_utf8_lossy(name_bytes).to_string();
+        offset += name_len;
+
+        // Read keys_len + keys (raw key bytes, skipped for MacroEntry)
+        let remaining_for_keys_len = payload.len().saturating_sub(offset);
+        let enough_for_keys_len = remaining_for_keys_len >= 1;
+        if !enough_for_keys_len {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        let keys_len = payload[offset] as usize;
+        offset += 1;
+
+        let remaining_for_keys = payload.len().saturating_sub(offset);
+        let enough_for_keys = remaining_for_keys >= keys_len;
+        if !enough_for_keys {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        // Skip the raw keys bytes
+        offset += keys_len;
+
+        // Read step_count + steps
+        let remaining_for_step_count = payload.len().saturating_sub(offset);
+        let enough_for_step_count = remaining_for_step_count >= 1;
+        if !enough_for_step_count {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        let step_count = payload[offset] as usize;
+        offset += 1;
+
+        let steps_byte_size = step_count * 2;
+        let remaining_for_steps = payload.len().saturating_sub(offset);
+        let enough_for_steps = remaining_for_steps >= steps_byte_size;
+        if !enough_for_steps {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        let mut steps = Vec::with_capacity(step_count);
+        for i in 0..step_count {
+            let step_offset = offset + i * 2;
+            let kc = payload[step_offset];
+            let md = payload[step_offset + 1];
+            steps.push(MacroStep {
+                keycode: kc,
+                modifier: md,
+            });
+        }
+        offset += steps_byte_size;
+
+        result.push(MacroEntry {
+            slot,
+            name,
+            steps,
+        });
+    }
+
+    result
+}
+
+/// Parse KEYSTATS_BIN (0x40) binary payload.
+/// Format: [rows:u8][cols:u8][counts: rows*cols * u32 LE]
+/// Returns (heatmap_data, max_value) — same shape as parse_heatmap_lines.
+pub fn parse_keystats_binary(payload: &[u8]) -> (Vec<Vec<u32>>, u32) {
+    // Need at least 2 bytes for rows and cols
+    let enough_for_header = payload.len() >= 2;
+    if !enough_for_header {
+        return (vec![], 0);
+    }
+
+    let rows = payload[0] as usize;
+    let cols = payload[1] as usize;
+    let total_cells = rows * cols;
+    let data_byte_size = total_cells * 4; // each count is u32 LE
+
+    let remaining = payload.len().saturating_sub(2);
+    let enough_for_data = remaining >= data_byte_size;
+    if !enough_for_data {
+        return (vec![], 0);
+    }
+
+    let mut data: Vec<Vec<u32>> = vec![vec![0u32; cols]; rows];
+    let mut max_value = 0u32;
+    let mut offset = 2;
+
+    for row in 0..rows {
+        for col in 0..cols {
+            let count = u32::from_le_bytes([
+                payload[offset],
+                payload[offset + 1],
+                payload[offset + 2],
+                payload[offset + 3],
+            ]);
+            data[row][col] = count;
+
+            let is_new_max = count > max_value;
+            if is_new_max {
+                max_value = count;
+            }
+
+            offset += 4;
+        }
+    }
+
+    (data, max_value)
+}
diff --git a/src/logic/protocol.rs b/src/logic/protocol.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..03f9b63
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/logic/protocol.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+#![allow(dead_code)]
+/// CDC protocol command helpers for KaSe keyboard firmware.
+
+// Text-based query commands
+pub const CMD_TAP_DANCE: &str = "TD?";
+pub const CMD_COMBOS: &str = "COMBO?";
+pub const CMD_LEADER: &str = "LEADER?";
+pub const CMD_KEY_OVERRIDE: &str = "KO?";
+pub const CMD_BT_STATUS: &str = "BT?";
+pub const CMD_WPM: &str = "WPM?";
+pub const CMD_TAMA: &str = "TAMA?";
+pub const CMD_MACROS_TEXT: &str = "MACROS?";
+pub const CMD_FEATURES: &str = "FEATURES?";
+pub const CMD_KEYSTATS: &str = "KEYSTATS?";
+pub const CMD_BIGRAMS: &str = "BIGRAMS?";
+
+pub fn cmd_set_key(layer: u8, row: u8, col: u8, keycode: u16) -> String {
+    format!("SETKEY {},{},{},{:04X}", layer, row, col, keycode)
+}
+
+pub fn cmd_set_layer_name(layer: u8, name: &str) -> String {
+    format!("LAYOUTNAME{}:{}", layer, name)
+}
+
+pub fn cmd_bt_switch(slot: u8) -> String {
+    format!("BT SWITCH {}", slot)
+}
+
+pub fn cmd_trilayer(l1: u8, l2: u8, l3: u8) -> String {
+    format!("TRILAYER {},{},{}", l1, l2, l3)
+}
+
+pub fn cmd_macroseq(slot: u8, name: &str, steps: &str) -> String {
+    format!("MACROSEQ {};{};{}", slot, name, steps)
+}
+
+pub fn cmd_macro_del(slot: u8) -> String {
+    format!("MACRODEL {}", slot)
+}
+
+pub fn cmd_comboset(index: u8, r1: u8, c1: u8, r2: u8, c2: u8, result: u8) -> String {
+    format!("COMBOSET {};{},{},{},{},{:02X}", index, r1, c1, r2, c2, result)
+}
+
+pub fn cmd_combodel(index: u8) -> String {
+    format!("COMBODEL {}", index)
+}
+
+pub fn cmd_koset(index: u8, trig_key: u8, trig_mod: u8, res_key: u8, res_mod: u8) -> String {
+    format!("KOSET {};{:02X},{:02X},{:02X},{:02X}", index, trig_key, trig_mod, res_key, res_mod)
+}
+
+pub fn cmd_kodel(index: u8) -> String {
+    format!("KODEL {}", index)
+}
+
+pub fn cmd_leaderset(index: u8, sequence: &[u8], result: u8, result_mod: u8) -> String {
+    let seq_hex: Vec<String> = sequence.iter().map(|k| format!("{:02X}", k)).collect();
+    let seq_str = seq_hex.join(",");
+    format!("LEADERSET {};{};{:02X},{:02X}", index, seq_str, result, result_mod)
+}
+
+pub fn cmd_leaderdel(index: u8) -> String {
+    format!("LEADERDEL {}", index)
+}
diff --git a/src/logic/serial/mod.rs b/src/logic/serial/mod.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cfc2f59
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/logic/serial/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+/// Serial communication module.
+/// Dispatches to native (serialport crate) or web (WebSerial API)
+/// depending on the target architecture.
+
+#[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+mod native;
+
+#[cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
+mod web;
+
+#[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+pub use native::*;
+
+#[cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
+pub use web::*;
diff --git a/src/logic/serial/native.rs b/src/logic/serial/native.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..efb2d86
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/logic/serial/native.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,573 @@
+use serialport::SerialPort;
+use std::io::{BufRead, BufReader, Read, Write};
+use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
+use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
+
+use crate::logic::binary_protocol::{self as bp, KrResponse};
+use crate::logic::parsers::{ROWS, COLS};
+
+const BAUD_RATE: u32 = 115200;
+const CONNECT_TIMEOUT_MS: u64 = 300;
+const QUERY_TIMEOUT_MS: u64 = 800;
+const BINARY_READ_TIMEOUT_MS: u64 = 1500;
+const LEGACY_BINARY_SETTLE_MS: u64 = 50;
+const BINARY_SETTLE_MS: u64 = 30;
+const JSON_TIMEOUT_SECS: u64 = 3;
+
+pub struct SerialManager {
+    port: Option<Box<dyn SerialPort>>,
+    pub port_name: String,
+    pub connected: bool,
+    pub v2: bool, // true if firmware supports binary protocol v2
+}
+
+impl SerialManager {
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            port: None,
+            port_name: String::new(),
+            connected: false,
+            v2: false,
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[allow(dead_code)]
+    pub fn list_ports() -> Vec<String> {
+        let available = serialport::available_ports();
+        let ports = available.unwrap_or_default();
+        ports.into_iter().map(|p| p.port_name).collect()
+    }
+
+    /// List only ports that look like ESP32 programming ports (CH340, CP210x, FTDI).
+    pub fn list_prog_ports() -> Vec<String> {
+        const CH340_VID: u16 = 0x1A86;
+        const CP210X_VID: u16 = 0x10C4;
+        const FTDI_VID: u16 = 0x0403;
+
+        let available = serialport::available_ports();
+        let ports = available.unwrap_or_default();
+        ports.into_iter()
+            .filter(|p| {
+                matches!(&p.port_type, serialport::SerialPortType::UsbPort(usb)
+                    if usb.vid == CH340_VID || usb.vid == CP210X_VID || usb.vid == FTDI_VID)
+            })
+            .map(|p| p.port_name)
+            .collect()
+    }
+
+    pub fn connect(&mut self, port_name: &str) -> Result<(), String> {
+        let builder = serialport::new(port_name, BAUD_RATE);
+        let builder_with_timeout = builder.timeout(Duration::from_millis(CONNECT_TIMEOUT_MS));
+        let open_result = builder_with_timeout.open();
+        let port = open_result.map_err(|e| format!("Failed to open {}: {}", port_name, e))?;
+
+        self.port = Some(port);
+        self.port_name = port_name.to_string();
+        self.connected = true;
+        self.v2 = false;
+
+        // Detect v2: try PING
+        if let Some(p) = self.port.as_mut() {
+            let _ = p.clear(serialport::ClearBuffer::All);
+        }
+        std::thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(LEGACY_BINARY_SETTLE_MS));
+
+        let ping_result = self.send_binary(bp::cmd::PING, &[]);
+        if ping_result.is_ok() {
+            self.v2 = true;
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    pub fn auto_connect(&mut self) -> Result<String, String> {
+        let port_name = Self::find_kase_port()?;
+        self.connect(&port_name)?;
+        Ok(port_name)
+    }
+
+    pub fn find_kase_port() -> Result<String, String> {
+        const TARGET_VID: u16 = 0xCAFE;
+        const TARGET_PID: u16 = 0x4001;
+
+        let available = serialport::available_ports();
+        let ports = available.unwrap_or_default();
+        if ports.is_empty() {
+            return Err("No serial ports found".into());
+        }
+
+        // First pass: check USB VID/PID and product name
+        for port in &ports {
+            let port_type = &port.port_type;
+            match port_type {
+                serialport::SerialPortType::UsbPort(usb) => {
+                    let vid_matches = usb.vid == TARGET_VID;
+                    let pid_matches = usb.pid == TARGET_PID;
+                    if vid_matches && pid_matches {
+                        return Ok(port.port_name.clone());
+                    }
+
+                    match &usb.product {
+                        Some(product) => {
+                            let is_kase = product.contains("KaSe");
+                            let is_kesp = product.contains("KeSp");
+                            if is_kase || is_kesp {
+                                return Ok(port.port_name.clone());
+                            }
+                        }
+                        None => {}
+                    }
+                }
+                _ => {}
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Second pass (Linux only): check udevadm info
+        #[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
+        for port in &ports {
+            let udevadm_result = std::process::Command::new("udevadm")
+                .args(["info", "-n", &port.port_name])
+                .output();
+
+            match udevadm_result {
+                Ok(output) => {
+                    let stdout_bytes = &output.stdout;
+                    let text = String::from_utf8_lossy(stdout_bytes);
+                    let has_kase = text.contains("KaSe");
+                    let has_kesp = text.contains("KeSp");
+                    if has_kase || has_kesp {
+                        return Ok(port.port_name.clone());
+                    }
+                }
+                Err(_) => {}
+            }
+        }
+
+        let scanned_count = ports.len();
+        Err(format!("No KaSe keyboard found ({} port(s) scanned)", scanned_count))
+    }
+
+    pub fn port_mut(&mut self) -> Option<&mut Box<dyn SerialPort>> {
+        self.port.as_mut()
+    }
+
+    pub fn disconnect(&mut self) {
+        self.port = None;
+        self.port_name.clear();
+        self.connected = false;
+        self.v2 = false;
+    }
+
+    // ==================== LOW-LEVEL: ASCII LEGACY ====================
+
+    pub fn send_command(&mut self, cmd: &str) -> Result<(), String> {
+        let port = self.port.as_mut().ok_or("Not connected")?;
+        let data = format!("{}\r\n", cmd);
+        let bytes = data.as_bytes();
+
+        let write_result = port.write_all(bytes);
+        write_result.map_err(|e| format!("Write: {}", e))?;
+
+        let flush_result = port.flush();
+        flush_result.map_err(|e| format!("Flush: {}", e))?;
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    pub fn query_command(&mut self, cmd: &str) -> Result<Vec<String>, String> {
+        self.send_command(cmd)?;
+
+        let port = self.port.as_mut().ok_or("Not connected")?;
+        let cloned_port = port.try_clone();
+        let port_clone = cloned_port.map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
+        let mut reader = BufReader::new(port_clone);
+
+        let mut lines = Vec::new();
+        let start = Instant::now();
+        let max_wait = Duration::from_millis(QUERY_TIMEOUT_MS);
+
+        loop {
+            let elapsed = start.elapsed();
+            if elapsed > max_wait {
+                break;
+            }
+
+            let mut line = String::new();
+            let read_result = reader.read_line(&mut line);
+
+            match read_result {
+                Ok(0) => break,
+                Ok(_) => {
+                    let trimmed = line.trim().to_string();
+                    let is_terminal = trimmed == "OK" || trimmed == "ERROR";
+                    if is_terminal {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    let is_not_empty = !trimmed.is_empty();
+                    if is_not_empty {
+                        lines.push(trimmed);
+                    }
+                }
+                Err(_) => break,
+            }
+        }
+
+        Ok(lines)
+    }
+
+    fn read_raw(&mut self, timeout_ms: u64) -> Result<Vec<u8>, String> {
+        let port = self.port.as_mut().ok_or("Not connected")?;
+        let mut buf = vec![0u8; 4096];
+        let mut result = Vec::new();
+        let start = Instant::now();
+        let timeout = Duration::from_millis(timeout_ms);
+
+        while start.elapsed() < timeout {
+            let read_result = port.read(&mut buf);
+
+            match read_result {
+                Ok(n) if n > 0 => {
+                    let received_bytes = &buf[..n];
+                    result.extend_from_slice(received_bytes);
+                    std::thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(5));
+                }
+                _ => {
+                    let got_something = !result.is_empty();
+                    if got_something {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    std::thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(5));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        Ok(result)
+    }
+
+    /// Legacy C> binary protocol
+    fn query_legacy_binary(&mut self, cmd: &str) -> Result<(u8, Vec<u8>), String> {
+        self.send_command(cmd)?;
+        std::thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(LEGACY_BINARY_SETTLE_MS));
+        let raw = self.read_raw(BINARY_READ_TIMEOUT_MS)?;
+
+        // Look for the "C>" header in the raw bytes
+        let mut windows = raw.windows(2);
+        let header_search = windows.position(|w| w == b"C>");
+        let pos = header_search.ok_or("No C> header found")?;
+
+        let min_packet_size = pos + 5;
+        if raw.len() < min_packet_size {
+            return Err("Packet too short".into());
+        }
+
+        let cmd_type = raw[pos + 2];
+        let low_byte = raw[pos + 3] as u16;
+        let high_byte = (raw[pos + 4] as u16) << 8;
+        let data_len = low_byte | high_byte;
+
+        let data_start = pos + 5;
+        let data_end = data_start.checked_add(data_len as usize)
+            .ok_or("Data length overflow")?;
+
+        if raw.len() < data_end {
+            return Err(format!("Incomplete: need {}, got {}", data_end, raw.len()));
+        }
+
+        let payload = raw[data_start..data_end].to_vec();
+        Ok((cmd_type, payload))
+    }
+
+    // ==================== LOW-LEVEL: BINARY V2 ====================
+
+    /// Send a KS frame, read KR response.
+    pub fn send_binary(&mut self, cmd_id: u8, payload: &[u8]) -> Result<KrResponse, String> {
+        let frame = bp::ks_frame(cmd_id, payload);
+        let port = self.port.as_mut().ok_or("Not connected")?;
+
+        let write_result = port.write_all(&frame);
+        write_result.map_err(|e| format!("Write: {}", e))?;
+
+        let flush_result = port.flush();
+        flush_result.map_err(|e| format!("Flush: {}", e))?;
+
+        std::thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(BINARY_SETTLE_MS));
+        let raw = self.read_raw(BINARY_READ_TIMEOUT_MS)?;
+
+        let (resp, _remaining) = bp::parse_kr(&raw)?;
+        let firmware_ok = resp.is_ok();
+        if !firmware_ok {
+            let status = resp.status_name();
+            return Err(format!("Firmware error: {}", status));
+        }
+
+        Ok(resp)
+    }
+
+    // ==================== HIGH-LEVEL: AUTO V2/LEGACY ====================
+
+    pub fn get_firmware_version(&mut self) -> Option<String> {
+        // Try v2 binary first
+        if self.v2 {
+            let binary_result = self.send_binary(bp::cmd::VERSION, &[]);
+            match binary_result {
+                Ok(resp) => {
+                    let raw_bytes = &resp.payload;
+                    let lossy_string = String::from_utf8_lossy(raw_bytes);
+                    let version = lossy_string.to_string();
+                    return Some(version);
+                }
+                Err(_) => {}
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Legacy fallback
+        let query_result = self.query_command("VERSION?");
+        let lines = match query_result {
+            Ok(l) => l,
+            Err(_) => return None,
+        };
+        let mut line_iter = lines.into_iter();
+        let first_line = line_iter.next();
+        first_line
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_keymap(&mut self, layer: u8) -> Result<Vec<Vec<u16>>, String> {
+        // Try v2 binary first
+        if self.v2 {
+            let resp = self.send_binary(bp::cmd::KEYMAP_GET, &[layer])?;
+            let keymap = self.parse_keymap_payload(&resp.payload)?;
+            return Ok(keymap);
+        }
+
+        // Legacy
+        let cmd = format!("KEYMAP{}", layer);
+        let (cmd_type, data) = self.query_legacy_binary(&cmd)?;
+
+        if cmd_type != 1 {
+            return Err(format!("Unexpected cmd type: {}", cmd_type));
+        }
+        if data.len() < 2 {
+            return Err("Data too short".into());
+        }
+
+        // skip 2-byte layer index in legacy
+        let data_without_header = &data[2..];
+        self.parse_keymap_payload(data_without_header)
+    }
+
+    fn parse_keymap_payload(&self, data: &[u8]) -> Result<Vec<Vec<u16>>, String> {
+        // v2: [layer:u8][keycodes...] -- skip first byte
+        // legacy: already stripped
+        let expected_with_layer_byte = 1 + ROWS * COLS * 2;
+        let has_layer_byte = data.len() >= expected_with_layer_byte;
+        let offset = if has_layer_byte { 1 } else { 0 };
+        let kc_data = &data[offset..];
+
+        let needed_bytes = ROWS * COLS * 2;
+        if kc_data.len() < needed_bytes {
+            return Err(format!("Keymap data too short: {} bytes (need {})", kc_data.len(), needed_bytes));
+        }
+
+        let mut keymap = Vec::with_capacity(ROWS);
+
+        for row_index in 0..ROWS {
+            let mut row = Vec::with_capacity(COLS);
+
+            for col_index in 0..COLS {
+                let idx = (row_index * COLS + col_index) * 2;
+                let low_byte = kc_data[idx] as u16;
+                let high_byte = (kc_data[idx + 1] as u16) << 8;
+                let keycode = low_byte | high_byte;
+                row.push(keycode);
+            }
+
+            keymap.push(row);
+        }
+
+        Ok(keymap)
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_layer_names(&mut self) -> Result<Vec<String>, String> {
+        // Try v2 binary first
+        if self.v2 {
+            let resp = self.send_binary(bp::cmd::LIST_LAYOUTS, &[])?;
+
+            let payload = &resp.payload;
+            if payload.is_empty() {
+                return Err("Empty response".into());
+            }
+
+            let count = payload[0] as usize;
+            let mut names = Vec::with_capacity(count);
+            let mut i = 1;
+
+            for _ in 0..count {
+                let remaining = payload.len();
+                let need_header = i + 2;
+                if need_header > remaining {
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                let _layer_index = payload[i];
+                let name_len = payload[i + 1] as usize;
+                i += 2;
+
+                let need_name = i + name_len;
+                if need_name > payload.len() {
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                let name_bytes = &payload[i..i + name_len];
+                let name_lossy = String::from_utf8_lossy(name_bytes);
+                let name = name_lossy.to_string();
+                names.push(name);
+                i += name_len;
+            }
+
+            let found_names = !names.is_empty();
+            if found_names {
+                return Ok(names);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Legacy fallback: try C> binary protocol
+        let legacy_result = self.query_legacy_binary("LAYOUTS?");
+        match legacy_result {
+            Ok((cmd_type, data)) => {
+                let is_layout_type = cmd_type == 4;
+                let has_data = !data.is_empty();
+
+                if is_layout_type && has_data {
+                    let text = String::from_utf8_lossy(&data);
+                    let parts = text.split(';');
+                    let non_empty = parts.filter(|s| !s.is_empty());
+                    let trimmed_names = non_empty.map(|s| {
+                        let long_enough = s.len() > 1;
+                        if long_enough {
+                            s[1..].to_string()
+                        } else {
+                            s.to_string()
+                        }
+                    });
+                    let names: Vec<String> = trimmed_names.collect();
+
+                    let found_names = !names.is_empty();
+                    if found_names {
+                        return Ok(names);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            Err(_) => {}
+        }
+
+        // Last resort: raw text
+        self.send_command("LAYOUTS?")?;
+        std::thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(LEGACY_BINARY_SETTLE_MS * 2));
+        let raw = self.read_raw(BINARY_READ_TIMEOUT_MS)?;
+
+        let text = String::from_utf8_lossy(&raw);
+        let split_by_delimiters = text.split(|c: char| c == ';' || c == '\n');
+
+        let cleaned = split_by_delimiters.map(|s| {
+            let step1 = s.trim();
+            let step2 = step1.trim_matches(|c: char| c.is_control() || c == '"');
+            step2
+        });
+
+        let valid_names = cleaned.filter(|s| {
+            let is_not_empty = !s.is_empty();
+            let is_short_enough = s.len() < 30;
+            let no_header_marker = !s.contains("C>");
+            let not_ok = *s != "OK";
+            is_not_empty && is_short_enough && no_header_marker && not_ok
+        });
+
+        let as_strings = valid_names.map(|s| s.to_string());
+        let names: Vec<String> = as_strings.collect();
+
+        let found_any = !names.is_empty();
+        if found_any {
+            Ok(names)
+        } else {
+            Err("No layer names found".into())
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_layout_json(&mut self) -> Result<String, String> {
+        // Try v2 binary first
+        if self.v2 {
+            let resp = self.send_binary(bp::cmd::GET_LAYOUT_JSON, &[])?;
+            let has_payload = !resp.payload.is_empty();
+            if has_payload {
+                let raw_bytes = &resp.payload;
+                let lossy_string = String::from_utf8_lossy(raw_bytes);
+                let json = lossy_string.to_string();
+                return Ok(json);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Legacy: text brace-counting
+        self.send_command("LAYOUT?")?;
+        std::thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(LEGACY_BINARY_SETTLE_MS));
+
+        let port = self.port.as_mut().ok_or("Not connected")?;
+        let mut result = String::new();
+        let mut buf = [0u8; 4096];
+        let start = Instant::now();
+        let max_wait = Duration::from_secs(JSON_TIMEOUT_SECS);
+        let mut brace_count: i32 = 0;
+        let mut started = false;
+
+        while start.elapsed() < max_wait {
+            let read_result = port.read(&mut buf);
+
+            match read_result {
+                Ok(n) if n > 0 => {
+                    let received_bytes = &buf[..n];
+                    let chunk = String::from_utf8_lossy(received_bytes);
+
+                    for ch in chunk.chars() {
+                        let is_open_brace = ch == '{';
+                        if is_open_brace {
+                            started = true;
+                            brace_count += 1;
+                        }
+
+                        if started {
+                            result.push(ch);
+                        }
+
+                        let is_close_brace = ch == '}';
+                        if is_close_brace && started {
+                            brace_count -= 1;
+                            let json_complete = brace_count == 0;
+                            if json_complete {
+                                return Ok(result);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                _ => {
+                    std::thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(10));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        let got_nothing = result.is_empty();
+        if got_nothing {
+            Err("No JSON".into())
+        } else {
+            Err("Incomplete JSON".into())
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Thread-safe wrapper
+pub type SharedSerial = Arc<Mutex<SerialManager>>;
+
+pub fn new_shared() -> SharedSerial {
+    let manager = SerialManager::new();
+    let mutex = Mutex::new(manager);
+    let shared = Arc::new(mutex);
+    shared
+}
diff --git a/src/logic/settings.rs b/src/logic/settings.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..531200f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/logic/settings.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+/// Persistent settings for KaSe Controller.
+///
+/// - **Native**: `kase_settings.json` next to the executable.
+/// - **WASM**: `localStorage` under key `"kase_settings"`.
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct Settings {
+    #[serde(default = "default_layout")]
+    pub keyboard_layout: String,
+}
+
+fn default_layout() -> String {
+    "QWERTY".to_string()
+}
+
+impl Default for Settings {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            keyboard_layout: default_layout(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// =============================================================================
+// Native: JSON file next to executable
+// =============================================================================
+
+#[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+mod native_settings {
+    use super::Settings;
+    use std::path::PathBuf;
+
+    /// Config file path: next to the executable.
+    fn settings_path() -> PathBuf {
+        let exe = std::env::current_exe().unwrap_or_default();
+        let parent_dir = exe.parent().unwrap_or(std::path::Path::new("."));
+        parent_dir.join("kase_settings.json")
+    }
+
+    pub fn load() -> Settings {
+        let path = settings_path();
+        let json_content = std::fs::read_to_string(&path).ok();
+        let parsed = json_content.and_then(|s| serde_json::from_str(&s).ok());
+        parsed.unwrap_or_default()
+    }
+
+    pub fn save(settings: &Settings) {
+        let path = settings_path();
+        let json_result = serde_json::to_string_pretty(settings);
+        if let Ok(json) = json_result {
+            let _ = std::fs::write(path, json);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// =============================================================================
+// WASM: browser localStorage
+// =============================================================================
+
+#[cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
+mod web_settings {
+    use super::Settings;
+
+    const STORAGE_KEY: &str = "kase_settings";
+
+    /// Get localStorage. Returns None if not in a browser context.
+    fn get_storage() -> Option<web_sys::Storage> {
+        let window = web_sys::window()?;
+        window.local_storage().ok().flatten()
+    }
+
+    pub fn load() -> Settings {
+        let storage = match get_storage() {
+            Some(s) => s,
+            None => return Settings::default(),
+        };
+
+        let json_option = storage.get_item(STORAGE_KEY).ok().flatten();
+        let parsed = json_option.and_then(|s| serde_json::from_str(&s).ok());
+        parsed.unwrap_or_default()
+    }
+
+    pub fn save(settings: &Settings) {
+        let storage = match get_storage() {
+            Some(s) => s,
+            None => return,
+        };
+
+        let json_result = serde_json::to_string(settings);
+        if let Ok(json) = json_result {
+            let _ = storage.set_item(STORAGE_KEY, &json);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// =============================================================================
+// Public interface
+// =============================================================================
+
+/// Load settings from persistent storage.
+/// Returns `Settings::default()` if none found.
+pub fn load() -> Settings {
+    #[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+    return native_settings::load();
+
+    #[cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
+    return web_settings::load();
+}
+
+/// Save settings to persistent storage. Fails silently.
+pub fn save(settings: &Settings) {
+    #[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+    native_settings::save(settings);
+
+    #[cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
+    web_settings::save(settings);
+}
diff --git a/src/logic/stats_analyzer.rs b/src/logic/stats_analyzer.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a48cfae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/logic/stats_analyzer.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,335 @@
+/// Stats analysis: hand balance, finger load, row usage, top keys, bigrams.
+/// Transforms raw heatmap data into structured analysis for the stats tab.
+
+use super::keycode;
+use super::parsers::ROWS;
+
+/// Which hand a column belongs to.
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq)]
+pub enum Hand {
+    Left,
+    Right,
+}
+
+/// Which finger a column belongs to.
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq)]
+pub enum Finger {
+    Pinky,
+    Ring,
+    Middle,
+    Index,
+    Thumb,
+}
+
+/// Row names for the 5 rows.
+const ROW_NAMES: [&str; 5] = ["Number", "Upper", "Home", "Lower", "Thumb"];
+
+/// Finger names (French).
+const FINGER_NAMES: [&str; 5] = ["Pinky", "Ring", "Middle", "Index", "Thumb"];
+
+/// Map column index → (Hand, Finger).
+/// KaSe layout: cols 0-5 = left hand, cols 6 (gap), cols 7-12 = right hand.
+fn col_to_hand_finger(col: usize) -> (Hand, Finger) {
+    match col {
+        0 => (Hand::Left, Finger::Pinky),
+        1 => (Hand::Left, Finger::Ring),
+        2 => (Hand::Left, Finger::Middle),
+        3 => (Hand::Left, Finger::Index),
+        4 => (Hand::Left, Finger::Index),   // inner column, still index
+        5 => (Hand::Left, Finger::Thumb),
+        6 => (Hand::Left, Finger::Thumb),   // center / gap
+        7 => (Hand::Right, Finger::Thumb),
+        8 => (Hand::Right, Finger::Index),
+        9 => (Hand::Right, Finger::Index),  // inner column
+        10 => (Hand::Right, Finger::Middle),
+        11 => (Hand::Right, Finger::Ring),
+        12 => (Hand::Right, Finger::Pinky),
+        _ => (Hand::Left, Finger::Pinky),
+    }
+}
+
+/// Hand balance result.
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+pub struct HandBalance {
+    pub left_count: u32,
+    pub right_count: u32,
+    pub total: u32,
+    pub left_pct: f32,
+    pub right_pct: f32,
+}
+
+/// Finger load for one finger.
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+pub struct FingerLoad {
+    pub name: String,
+    pub hand: Hand,
+    pub count: u32,
+    pub pct: f32,
+}
+
+/// Row usage for one row.
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+pub struct RowUsage {
+    pub name: String,
+    pub row: usize,
+    pub count: u32,
+    pub pct: f32,
+}
+
+/// A key in the top keys ranking.
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+pub struct TopKey {
+    pub name: String,
+    pub finger: String,
+    pub count: u32,
+    pub pct: f32,
+}
+
+/// Compute hand balance from heatmap data.
+pub fn hand_balance(heatmap: &[Vec<u32>]) -> HandBalance {
+    let mut left: u32 = 0;
+    let mut right: u32 = 0;
+
+    for row in heatmap {
+        for (c, &count) in row.iter().enumerate() {
+            let (hand, _) = col_to_hand_finger(c);
+            match hand {
+                Hand::Left => left += count,
+                Hand::Right => right += count,
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    let total = left + right;
+    let left_pct = if total > 0 { left as f32 / total as f32 * 100.0 } else { 0.0 };
+    let right_pct = if total > 0 { right as f32 / total as f32 * 100.0 } else { 0.0 };
+
+    HandBalance { left_count: left, right_count: right, total, left_pct, right_pct }
+}
+
+/// Compute finger load (10 fingers: 5 left + 5 right).
+pub fn finger_load(heatmap: &[Vec<u32>]) -> Vec<FingerLoad> {
+    let mut counts = [[0u32; 5]; 2]; // [hand][finger]
+
+    for row in heatmap {
+        for (c, &count) in row.iter().enumerate() {
+            let (hand, finger) = col_to_hand_finger(c);
+            let hi = if hand == Hand::Left { 0 } else { 1 };
+            let fi = match finger {
+                Finger::Pinky => 0,
+                Finger::Ring => 1,
+                Finger::Middle => 2,
+                Finger::Index => 3,
+                Finger::Thumb => 4,
+            };
+            counts[hi][fi] += count;
+        }
+    }
+
+    let total: u32 = counts[0].iter().sum::<u32>() + counts[1].iter().sum::<u32>();
+    let mut result = Vec::with_capacity(10);
+
+    // Left hand fingers
+    for fi in 0..5 {
+        let count = counts[0][fi];
+        let pct = if total > 0 { count as f32 / total as f32 * 100.0 } else { 0.0 };
+        let name = format!("{} L", FINGER_NAMES[fi]);
+        result.push(FingerLoad { name, hand: Hand::Left, count, pct });
+    }
+
+    // Right hand fingers
+    for fi in 0..5 {
+        let count = counts[1][fi];
+        let pct = if total > 0 { count as f32 / total as f32 * 100.0 } else { 0.0 };
+        let name = format!("{} R", FINGER_NAMES[fi]);
+        result.push(FingerLoad { name, hand: Hand::Right, count, pct });
+    }
+
+    result
+}
+
+/// Compute row usage.
+pub fn row_usage(heatmap: &[Vec<u32>]) -> Vec<RowUsage> {
+    let mut row_counts = [0u32; ROWS];
+
+    for (r, row) in heatmap.iter().enumerate() {
+        if r >= ROWS { break; }
+        let row_sum: u32 = row.iter().sum();
+        row_counts[r] = row_sum;
+    }
+
+    let total: u32 = row_counts.iter().sum();
+    let mut result = Vec::with_capacity(ROWS);
+
+    for r in 0..ROWS {
+        let count = row_counts[r];
+        let pct = if total > 0 { count as f32 / total as f32 * 100.0 } else { 0.0 };
+        let name = ROW_NAMES[r].to_string();
+        result.push(RowUsage { name, row: r, count, pct });
+    }
+
+    result
+}
+
+/// Compute top N keys by press count.
+pub fn top_keys(heatmap: &[Vec<u32>], keymap: &[Vec<u16>], n: usize) -> Vec<TopKey> {
+    let mut all_keys: Vec<(u32, usize, usize)> = Vec::new(); // (count, row, col)
+
+    for (r, row) in heatmap.iter().enumerate() {
+        for (c, &count) in row.iter().enumerate() {
+            if count > 0 {
+                all_keys.push((count, r, c));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    all_keys.sort_by(|a, b| b.0.cmp(&a.0));
+    all_keys.truncate(n);
+
+    let total: u32 = heatmap.iter().flat_map(|r| r.iter()).sum();
+
+    let mut result = Vec::with_capacity(n);
+    for (count, r, c) in all_keys {
+        let code = keymap.get(r).and_then(|row| row.get(c)).copied().unwrap_or(0);
+        let name = keycode::decode_keycode(code);
+        let (hand, finger) = col_to_hand_finger(c);
+        let hand_str = if hand == Hand::Left { "L" } else { "R" };
+        let finger_str = match finger {
+            Finger::Pinky => "Pinky",
+            Finger::Ring => "Ring",
+            Finger::Middle => "Middle",
+            Finger::Index => "Index",
+            Finger::Thumb => "Thumb",
+        };
+        let finger_label = format!("{} {}", finger_str, hand_str);
+        let pct = if total > 0 { count as f32 / total as f32 * 100.0 } else { 0.0 };
+        result.push(TopKey { name, finger: finger_label, count, pct });
+    }
+
+    result
+}
+
+/// Find keys that have never been pressed (count = 0, keycode != 0).
+pub fn dead_keys(heatmap: &[Vec<u32>], keymap: &[Vec<u16>]) -> Vec<String> {
+    let mut result = Vec::new();
+    for (r, row) in heatmap.iter().enumerate() {
+        for (c, &count) in row.iter().enumerate() {
+            if count > 0 { continue; }
+            let code = keymap.get(r).and_then(|row| row.get(c)).copied().unwrap_or(0);
+            let is_mapped = code != 0;
+            if is_mapped {
+                let name = keycode::decode_keycode(code);
+                result.push(name);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    result
+}
+
+// ==================== Bigram analysis ====================
+
+/// A parsed bigram entry.
+pub struct BigramEntry {
+    pub from_row: u8,
+    pub from_col: u8,
+    pub to_row: u8,
+    pub to_col: u8,
+    pub count: u32,
+}
+
+/// Bigram analysis results.
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+pub struct BigramAnalysis {
+    pub total: u32,
+    pub alt_hand: u32,
+    pub same_hand: u32,
+    pub sfb: u32,
+    pub alt_hand_pct: f32,
+    pub same_hand_pct: f32,
+    pub sfb_pct: f32,
+}
+
+/// Parse bigram text lines from firmware.
+/// Format: "  R2C3 -> R2C4 : 150"
+pub fn parse_bigram_lines(lines: &[String]) -> Vec<BigramEntry> {
+    let mut entries = Vec::new();
+
+    for line in lines {
+        let trimmed = line.trim();
+        let has_arrow = trimmed.contains("->");
+        if !has_arrow { continue; }
+
+        let parts: Vec<&str> = trimmed.split("->").collect();
+        if parts.len() != 2 { continue; }
+
+        let left = parts[0].trim();
+        let right_and_count = parts[1].trim();
+
+        let right_parts: Vec<&str> = right_and_count.split(':').collect();
+        if right_parts.len() != 2 { continue; }
+
+        let right = right_parts[0].trim();
+        let count_str = right_parts[1].trim();
+
+        let from = parse_rc(left);
+        let to = parse_rc(right);
+        let count: u32 = count_str.parse().unwrap_or(0);
+
+        if let (Some((fr, fc)), Some((tr, tc))) = (from, to) {
+            entries.push(BigramEntry {
+                from_row: fr, from_col: fc,
+                to_row: tr, to_col: tc,
+                count,
+            });
+        }
+    }
+
+    entries
+}
+
+/// Parse "R2C3" into (row, col).
+fn parse_rc(s: &str) -> Option<(u8, u8)> {
+    let s = s.trim();
+    let r_pos = s.find('R')?;
+    let c_pos = s.find('C')?;
+    if c_pos <= r_pos { return None; }
+
+    let row_str = &s[r_pos + 1..c_pos];
+    let col_str = &s[c_pos + 1..];
+    let row: u8 = row_str.parse().ok()?;
+    let col: u8 = col_str.parse().ok()?;
+    Some((row, col))
+}
+
+/// Analyze bigram entries for hand alternation and SFB.
+pub fn analyze_bigrams(entries: &[BigramEntry]) -> BigramAnalysis {
+    let mut alt_hand: u32 = 0;
+    let mut same_hand: u32 = 0;
+    let mut sfb: u32 = 0;
+    let mut total: u32 = 0;
+
+    for entry in entries {
+        let (hand_from, finger_from) = col_to_hand_finger(entry.from_col as usize);
+        let (hand_to, finger_to) = col_to_hand_finger(entry.to_col as usize);
+
+        total += entry.count;
+
+        if hand_from != hand_to {
+            alt_hand += entry.count;
+        } else {
+            same_hand += entry.count;
+            if finger_from == finger_to {
+                sfb += entry.count;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    let alt_hand_pct = if total > 0 { alt_hand as f32 / total as f32 * 100.0 } else { 0.0 };
+    let same_hand_pct = if total > 0 { same_hand as f32 / total as f32 * 100.0 } else { 0.0 };
+    let sfb_pct = if total > 0 { sfb as f32 / total as f32 * 100.0 } else { 0.0 };
+
+    BigramAnalysis {
+        total, alt_hand, same_hand, sfb,
+        alt_hand_pct, same_hand_pct, sfb_pct,
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/main.rs b/src/main.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..411533b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,1612 @@
+mod logic;
+
+slint::include_modules!();
+
+use logic::keycode;
+use logic::layout::KeycapPos;
+use logic::serial::SerialManager;
+use slint::{Model, ModelRc, SharedString, VecModel};
+use std::sync::mpsc;
+use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
+use std::rc::Rc;
+
+// Messages from background serial thread to UI
+enum BgMsg {
+    Connected(String, String, Vec<String>, Vec<Vec<u16>>), // port, fw_version, layer_names, keymap
+    ConnectError(String),
+    Keymap(Vec<Vec<u16>>),
+    LayerNames(Vec<String>),
+    Disconnected,
+    TextLines(String, Vec<String>), // tag, lines
+    HeatmapData(Vec<Vec<u32>>, u32), // counts, max
+    BigramLines(Vec<String>),
+    LayoutJson(Vec<KeycapPos>),     // physical key positions from firmware
+    FlashProgress(f32, String),  // progress 0-1, status message
+    FlashDone(Result<(), String>),
+}
+
+fn build_keycap_model(keys: &[KeycapPos]) -> Rc<VecModel<KeycapData>> {
+    let keycaps: Vec<KeycapData> = keys
+        .iter()
+        .enumerate()
+        .map(|(idx, kp)| KeycapData {
+            x: kp.x,
+            y: kp.y,
+            w: kp.w,
+            h: kp.h,
+            rotation: kp.angle,
+            rotation_cx: kp.w / 2.0,
+            rotation_cy: kp.h / 2.0,
+            label: SharedString::from(format!("{},{}", kp.col, kp.row)),
+            sublabel: SharedString::default(),
+            keycode: 0,
+            color: slint::Color::from_argb_u8(255, 0x44, 0x47, 0x5a),
+            heat: 0.0,
+            selected: false,
+            index: idx as i32,
+        })
+        .collect();
+    Rc::new(VecModel::from(keycaps))
+}
+
+fn build_layer_model(names: &[String]) -> Rc<VecModel<LayerInfo>> {
+    let layers: Vec<LayerInfo> = names
+        .iter()
+        .enumerate()
+        .map(|(i, name)| LayerInfo {
+            index: i as i32,
+            name: SharedString::from(name.as_str()),
+            active: i == 0,
+        })
+        .collect();
+    Rc::new(VecModel::from(layers))
+}
+
+/// Update keycap labels from keymap data (row x col -> keycode -> label)
+fn update_keycap_labels(
+    keycap_model: &impl Model<Data = KeycapData>,
+    keys: &[KeycapPos],
+    keymap: &[Vec<u16>],
+    layout: &logic::layout_remap::KeyboardLayout,
+) {
+    for i in 0..keycap_model.row_count() {
+        if i >= keys.len() { break; }
+        let mut item = keycap_model.row_data(i).unwrap();
+        let kp = &keys[i];
+        let row = kp.row as usize;
+        let col = kp.col as usize;
+
+        if row < keymap.len() && col < keymap[row].len() {
+            let code = keymap[row][col];
+            let decoded = keycode::decode_keycode(code);
+            let remapped = logic::layout_remap::remap_key_label(layout, &decoded);
+            let label = remapped.unwrap_or(&decoded).to_string();
+            item.keycode = code as i32;
+            item.label = SharedString::from(label);
+            item.sublabel = if decoded != format!("0x{:04X}", code) {
+                SharedString::default()
+            } else {
+                SharedString::from(format!("0x{:04X}", code))
+            };
+        }
+        keycap_model.set_row_data(i, item);
+    }
+}
+
+/// Build the list of all selectable HID keycodes for the key selector
+fn build_key_entries() -> Rc<VecModel<KeyEntry>> {
+    let mut entries = Vec::new();
+
+    // Letters
+    for code in 0x04u16..=0x1D {
+        entries.push(KeyEntry {
+            name: SharedString::from(keycode::hid_key_name(code as u8)),
+            code: code as i32,
+            category: SharedString::from("Letter"),
+        });
+    }
+    // Numbers
+    for code in 0x1Eu16..=0x27 {
+        entries.push(KeyEntry {
+            name: SharedString::from(keycode::hid_key_name(code as u8)),
+            code: code as i32,
+            category: SharedString::from("Number"),
+        });
+    }
+    // Control keys
+    for code in [0x28u16, 0x29, 0x2A, 0x2B, 0x2C] {
+        entries.push(KeyEntry {
+            name: SharedString::from(keycode::hid_key_name(code as u8)),
+            code: code as i32,
+            category: SharedString::from("Control"),
+        });
+    }
+    // Punctuation
+    for code in 0x2Du16..=0x38 {
+        entries.push(KeyEntry {
+            name: SharedString::from(keycode::hid_key_name(code as u8)),
+            code: code as i32,
+            category: SharedString::from("Symbol"),
+        });
+    }
+    // F keys
+    for code in 0x3Au16..=0x45 {
+        entries.push(KeyEntry {
+            name: SharedString::from(keycode::hid_key_name(code as u8)),
+            code: code as i32,
+            category: SharedString::from("Function"),
+        });
+    }
+    // Navigation
+    for code in [0x46u16, 0x47, 0x48, 0x49, 0x4A, 0x4B, 0x4C, 0x4D, 0x4E, 0x4F, 0x50, 0x51, 0x52] {
+        entries.push(KeyEntry {
+            name: SharedString::from(keycode::hid_key_name(code as u8)),
+            code: code as i32,
+            category: SharedString::from("Navigation"),
+        });
+    }
+    // Modifiers
+    for code in 0xE0u16..=0xE7 {
+        entries.push(KeyEntry {
+            name: SharedString::from(keycode::hid_key_name(code as u8)),
+            code: code as i32,
+            category: SharedString::from("Modifier"),
+        });
+    }
+    // Caps Lock
+    entries.push(KeyEntry {
+        name: SharedString::from("Caps Lock"),
+        code: 0x39,
+        category: SharedString::from("Control"),
+    });
+    // Keypad
+    for code in 0x53u16..=0x63 {
+        entries.push(KeyEntry {
+            name: SharedString::from(keycode::hid_key_name(code as u8)),
+            code: code as i32,
+            category: SharedString::from("Keypad"),
+        });
+    }
+    // F13-F24
+    for code in 0x68u16..=0x73 {
+        entries.push(KeyEntry {
+            name: SharedString::from(keycode::hid_key_name(code as u8)),
+            code: code as i32,
+            category: SharedString::from("Function"),
+        });
+    }
+    // Media
+    for code in [0x7Fu16, 0x80, 0x81] {
+        entries.push(KeyEntry {
+            name: SharedString::from(keycode::hid_key_name(code as u8)),
+            code: code as i32,
+            category: SharedString::from("Media"),
+        });
+    }
+    // BT keys
+    for (code, name) in [
+        (0x2900u16, "BT Next"), (0x2A00, "BT Prev"), (0x2B00, "BT Pair"),
+        (0x2C00, "BT Disc"), (0x2E00, "USB/BT"), (0x2F00, "BT On/Off"),
+    ] {
+        entries.push(KeyEntry {
+            name: SharedString::from(name),
+            code: code as i32,
+            category: SharedString::from("Bluetooth"),
+        });
+    }
+    // Tap Dance 0..7
+    for i in 0u16..=7 {
+        let code = (0x60 | i) << 8;
+        entries.push(KeyEntry {
+            name: SharedString::from(format!("TD {}", i)),
+            code: code as i32,
+            category: SharedString::from("Tap Dance"),
+        });
+    }
+    // Macro 0..9
+    for i in 0u16..=9 {
+        let code = (i + 0x15) << 8;
+        entries.push(KeyEntry {
+            name: SharedString::from(format!("M{}", i)),
+            code: code as i32,
+            category: SharedString::from("Macro"),
+        });
+    }
+    // OSL 0..9
+    for i in 0u16..=9 {
+        entries.push(KeyEntry {
+            name: SharedString::from(format!("OSL {}", i)),
+            code: 0x3100 + i as i32,
+            category: SharedString::from("Layer"),
+        });
+    }
+    // Layer: MO 0..9
+    for layer in 0u16..=9 {
+        let code = (layer + 1) << 8;
+        entries.push(KeyEntry {
+            name: SharedString::from(format!("MO {}", layer)),
+            code: code as i32,
+            category: SharedString::from("Layer"),
+        });
+    }
+    // Layer: TO 0..9
+    for layer in 0u16..=9 {
+        let code = (layer + 0x0B) << 8;
+        entries.push(KeyEntry {
+            name: SharedString::from(format!("TO {}", layer)),
+            code: code as i32,
+            category: SharedString::from("Layer"),
+        });
+    }
+    // Special KaSe firmware keys
+    for (code, name) in [
+        (0x3200u16, "Caps Word"),
+        (0x3300, "Repeat"),
+        (0x3400, "Leader"),
+        (0x3900, "GEsc"),
+        (0x3A00, "Layer Lock"),
+        (0x3C00, "AS Toggle"),
+    ] {
+        entries.push(KeyEntry {
+            name: SharedString::from(name),
+            code: code as i32,
+            category: SharedString::from("Special"),
+        });
+    }
+    // None
+    entries.insert(0, KeyEntry {
+        name: SharedString::from("None"),
+        code: 0,
+        category: SharedString::from("Special"),
+    });
+
+    Rc::new(VecModel::from(entries))
+}
+
+fn populate_key_categories(window: &MainWindow, all_keys: &VecModel<KeyEntry>, search: &str) {
+    let search_lower = search.to_lowercase();
+    let filter = |cat: &str| -> Vec<KeyEntry> {
+        (0..all_keys.row_count())
+            .filter_map(|i| {
+                let e = all_keys.row_data(i).unwrap();
+                let cat_match = e.category.as_str() == cat
+                    || (cat == "Navigation" && (e.category.as_str() == "Control" || e.category.as_str() == "Navigation"))
+                    || (cat == "Special" && (e.category.as_str() == "Special" || e.category.as_str() == "Bluetooth" || e.category.as_str() == "Media"))
+                    || (cat == "TDMacro" && (e.category.as_str() == "Tap Dance" || e.category.as_str() == "Macro"));
+                let search_match = search_lower.is_empty()
+                    || e.name.to_lowercase().contains(&search_lower)
+                    || e.category.to_lowercase().contains(&search_lower);
+                if cat_match && search_match { Some(e) } else { None }
+            })
+            .collect()
+    };
+    let set = |model: Vec<KeyEntry>| ModelRc::from(Rc::new(VecModel::from(model)));
+    let ks = window.global::<KeySelectorBridge>();
+    ks.set_cat_letters(set(filter("Letter")));
+    ks.set_cat_numbers(set(filter("Number")));
+    ks.set_cat_modifiers(set(filter("Modifier")));
+    ks.set_cat_nav(set(filter("Navigation")));
+    ks.set_cat_function(set(filter("Function")));
+    ks.set_cat_symbols(set(filter("Symbol")));
+    ks.set_cat_layers(set(filter("Layer")));
+    ks.set_cat_special(set(filter("Special")));
+    ks.set_cat_td_macro(set(filter("TDMacro")));
+}
+
+/// Map ComboBox index [None,Ctrl,Shift,Alt,GUI,RCtrl,RShift,RAlt,RGUI] to HID mod byte
+fn mod_idx_to_byte(idx: i32) -> u8 {
+    match idx {
+        1 => 0x01, // Ctrl
+        2 => 0x02, // Shift
+        3 => 0x04, // Alt
+        4 => 0x08, // GUI
+        5 => 0x10, // RCtrl
+        6 => 0x20, // RShift
+        7 => 0x40, // RAlt
+        8 => 0x80, // RGUI
+        _ => 0x00, // None
+    }
+}
+
+fn main() {
+    let keys = logic::layout::default_layout();
+    let keys_arc: Rc<std::cell::RefCell<Vec<KeycapPos>>> = Rc::new(std::cell::RefCell::new(keys.clone()));
+
+    let window = MainWindow::new().unwrap();
+
+    // Set up initial keymap models
+    let keymap_bridge = window.global::<KeymapBridge>();
+    keymap_bridge.set_keycaps(ModelRc::from(build_keycap_model(&keys)));
+    keymap_bridge.set_layers(ModelRc::from(build_layer_model(&[
+        "Layer 0".into(), "Layer 1".into(), "Layer 2".into(), "Layer 3".into(),
+    ])));
+    // Compute initial content bounds
+    {
+        let mut max_x: f32 = 0.0;
+        let mut max_y: f32 = 0.0;
+        for kp in &keys {
+            let right = kp.x + kp.w;
+            let bottom = kp.y + kp.h;
+            if right > max_x { max_x = right; }
+            if bottom > max_y { max_y = bottom; }
+        }
+        keymap_bridge.set_content_width(max_x);
+        keymap_bridge.set_content_height(max_y);
+    }
+
+    // Set up settings bridge
+    {
+        let layouts: Vec<SharedString> = logic::layout_remap::KeyboardLayout::all()
+            .iter()
+            .map(|l| SharedString::from(l.name()))
+            .collect();
+        let layout_model = Rc::new(VecModel::from(layouts));
+        window.global::<SettingsBridge>().set_available_layouts(ModelRc::from(layout_model));
+    }
+
+    // Set up key selector
+    let all_keys = build_key_entries();
+    window.global::<KeySelectorBridge>().set_all_keys(ModelRc::from(all_keys.clone()));
+    populate_key_categories(&window, &all_keys, "");
+
+    // Serial manager shared between threads
+    let serial: Arc<Mutex<SerialManager>> = Arc::new(Mutex::new(SerialManager::new()));
+    let (bg_tx, bg_rx) = mpsc::channel::<BgMsg>();
+
+    // Current state
+    let current_keymap: Rc<std::cell::RefCell<Vec<Vec<u16>>>> = Rc::new(std::cell::RefCell::new(Vec::new()));
+    let current_layer: Rc<std::cell::Cell<usize>> = Rc::new(std::cell::Cell::new(0));
+    let saved_settings = logic::settings::load();
+    let keyboard_layout = Rc::new(std::cell::RefCell::new(
+        logic::layout_remap::KeyboardLayout::from_name(&saved_settings.keyboard_layout),
+    ));
+
+    // Set initial layout index
+    {
+        let all_layouts = logic::layout_remap::KeyboardLayout::all();
+        let current = *keyboard_layout.borrow();
+        let idx = all_layouts.iter().position(|l| *l == current).unwrap_or(0);
+        window.global::<SettingsBridge>().set_selected_layout_index(idx as i32);
+    }
+
+    // Heatmap data (for stats)
+    let heatmap_data: Rc<std::cell::RefCell<Vec<Vec<u32>>>> = Rc::new(std::cell::RefCell::new(Vec::new()));
+
+    // --- Auto-connect on startup ---
+    {
+        let serial = serial.clone();
+        let tx = bg_tx.clone();
+        window.global::<AppState>().set_status_text("Scanning ports...".into());
+        window.global::<AppState>().set_connection(ConnectionState::Connecting);
+
+        std::thread::spawn(move || {
+            let mut ser = serial.lock().unwrap_or_else(|e| e.into_inner());
+            match ser.auto_connect() {
+                Ok(port_name) => {
+                    let fw = ser.get_firmware_version().unwrap_or_default();
+                    let names = ser.get_layer_names().unwrap_or_default();
+                    let km = ser.get_keymap(0).unwrap_or_default();
+                    let _ = tx.send(BgMsg::Connected(port_name, fw, names, km));
+                    // Fetch physical layout from firmware
+                    match ser.get_layout_json() {
+                        Ok(json) => {
+                            match logic::layout::parse_json(&json) {
+                                Ok(keys) => { let _ = tx.send(BgMsg::LayoutJson(keys)); }
+                                Err(e) => eprintln!("Layout parse error: {}", e),
+                            }
+                        }
+                        Err(e) => eprintln!("get_layout_json error: {}", e),
+                    }
+                }
+                Err(e) => {
+                    let _ = tx.send(BgMsg::ConnectError(e));
+                }
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    // --- Key selection callback ---
+    {
+        let window_weak = window.as_weak();
+        keymap_bridge.on_select_key(move |key_index| {
+            let Some(w) = window_weak.upgrade() else { return };
+            let keycaps = w.global::<KeymapBridge>().get_keycaps();
+            let idx = key_index as usize;
+            if idx >= keycaps.row_count() { return; }
+            for i in 0..keycaps.row_count() {
+                let mut item = keycaps.row_data(i).unwrap();
+                let should_select = i == idx;
+                if item.selected != should_select {
+                    item.selected = should_select;
+                    keycaps.set_row_data(i, item);
+                }
+            }
+            let bridge = w.global::<KeymapBridge>();
+            bridge.set_selected_key_index(key_index);
+            let item = keycaps.row_data(idx).unwrap();
+            bridge.set_selected_key_label(item.label.clone());
+        });
+    }
+
+    // --- Layer switch callback ---
+    {
+        let serial = serial.clone();
+        let tx = bg_tx.clone();
+        let current_layer = current_layer.clone();
+        let window_weak = window.as_weak();
+
+        keymap_bridge.on_switch_layer(move |layer_index| {
+            let idx = layer_index as usize;
+            current_layer.set(idx);
+
+            // Update active flag on the CURRENT model (not a captured stale ref)
+            if let Some(w) = window_weak.upgrade() {
+                let layers = w.global::<KeymapBridge>().get_layers();
+                for i in 0..layers.row_count() {
+                    let mut item = layers.row_data(i).unwrap();
+                    let should_be_active = item.index == layer_index;
+                    if item.active != should_be_active {
+                        item.active = should_be_active;
+                        layers.set_row_data(i, item);
+                    }
+                }
+                w.global::<AppState>().set_status_text(SharedString::from(format!("Loading layer {}...", idx)));
+            }
+            let serial = serial.clone();
+            let tx = tx.clone();
+            std::thread::spawn(move || {
+                let mut ser = serial.lock().unwrap_or_else(|e| e.into_inner());
+                match ser.get_keymap(idx as u8) {
+                    Ok(km) => { let _ = tx.send(BgMsg::Keymap(km)); }
+                    Err(e) => { let _ = tx.send(BgMsg::ConnectError(e)); }
+                }
+            });
+        });
+    }
+
+    // --- Layer rename callback ---
+    {
+        let serial = serial.clone();
+        let tx = bg_tx.clone();
+        let window_weak = window.as_weak();
+
+        keymap_bridge.on_rename_layer(move |layer_idx, new_name| {
+            let cmd = logic::protocol::cmd_set_layer_name(layer_idx as u8, &new_name);
+            let serial = serial.clone();
+            let tx = tx.clone();
+            std::thread::spawn(move || {
+                let mut ser = serial.lock().unwrap_or_else(|e| e.into_inner());
+                let _ = ser.send_command(&cmd);
+                if let Ok(names) = ser.get_layer_names() {
+                    let _ = tx.send(BgMsg::LayerNames(names));
+                }
+            });
+            if let Some(w) = window_weak.upgrade() {
+                w.global::<AppState>().set_status_text(
+                    SharedString::from(format!("Renamed layer {} → {}", layer_idx, new_name))
+                );
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    // --- Connect/Disconnect callbacks ---
+    {
+        let serial_c = serial.clone();
+        let tx_c = bg_tx.clone();
+        let window_weak = window.as_weak();
+        window.global::<ConnectionBridge>().on_connect(move || {
+            if let Some(w) = window_weak.upgrade() {
+                w.global::<AppState>().set_status_text("Scanning ports...".into());
+                w.global::<AppState>().set_connection(ConnectionState::Connecting);
+            }
+            let serial = serial_c.clone();
+            let tx = tx_c.clone();
+            std::thread::spawn(move || {
+                let mut ser = serial.lock().unwrap_or_else(|e| e.into_inner());
+                match ser.auto_connect() {
+                    Ok(port_name) => {
+                        let fw = ser.get_firmware_version().unwrap_or_default();
+                        let names = ser.get_layer_names().unwrap_or_default();
+                        let km = ser.get_keymap(0).unwrap_or_default();
+                        let _ = tx.send(BgMsg::Connected(port_name, fw, names, km));
+                        match ser.get_layout_json() {
+                            Ok(json) => {
+                                match logic::layout::parse_json(&json) {
+                                    Ok(keys) => { let _ = tx.send(BgMsg::LayoutJson(keys)); }
+                                    Err(e) => eprintln!("Layout parse error: {}", e),
+                                }
+                            }
+                            Err(e) => eprintln!("get_layout_json error: {}", e),
+                        }
+                    }
+                    Err(e) => { let _ = tx.send(BgMsg::ConnectError(e)); }
+                }
+            });
+        });
+    }
+
+    {
+        let serial_d = serial.clone();
+        let tx_d = bg_tx.clone();
+        window.global::<ConnectionBridge>().on_disconnect(move || {
+            let mut ser = serial_d.lock().unwrap_or_else(|e| e.into_inner());
+            ser.disconnect();
+            let _ = tx_d.send(BgMsg::Disconnected);
+        });
+    }
+
+    window.global::<ConnectionBridge>().on_refresh_ports(|| {});
+
+    // --- Settings: change layout ---
+    {
+        let keyboard_layout = keyboard_layout.clone();
+        let keys_arc = keys_arc.clone();
+        let current_keymap = current_keymap.clone();
+        let window_weak = window.as_weak();
+
+        window.global::<SettingsBridge>().on_change_layout(move |idx| {
+            let all_layouts = logic::layout_remap::KeyboardLayout::all();
+            let idx = idx as usize;
+            if idx >= all_layouts.len() { return; }
+
+            let new_layout = all_layouts[idx];
+            *keyboard_layout.borrow_mut() = new_layout;
+
+            let settings = logic::settings::Settings {
+                keyboard_layout: new_layout.name().to_string(),
+            };
+            logic::settings::save(&settings);
+
+            let km = current_keymap.borrow();
+            let keys = keys_arc.borrow();
+            if let Some(w) = window_weak.upgrade() {
+                if !km.is_empty() {
+                    let keycaps = w.global::<KeymapBridge>().get_keycaps();
+                    update_keycap_labels(&keycaps, &keys, &km, &new_layout);
+                }
+            }
+
+            if let Some(w) = window_weak.upgrade() {
+                w.global::<AppState>().set_status_text(
+                    SharedString::from(format!("Layout: {}", new_layout.name()))
+                );
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    // --- Key selector: filter ---
+    {
+        let all_keys = all_keys.clone();
+        let window_weak = window.as_weak();
+
+        window.global::<KeySelectorBridge>().on_apply_filter(move |search| {
+            if let Some(w) = window_weak.upgrade() {
+                populate_key_categories(&w, &all_keys, &search);
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    // --- Key selector: shared apply logic ---
+    // Wraps keycode application in a closure shared by all key selector actions.
+    let apply_keycode = {
+        let serial = serial.clone();
+        let keys_arc = keys_arc.clone();
+        let current_keymap = current_keymap.clone();
+        let current_layer = current_layer.clone();
+        let keyboard_layout = keyboard_layout.clone();
+        let window_weak = window.as_weak();
+
+        Rc::new(move |code: u16| {
+            let Some(w) = window_weak.upgrade() else { return };
+            let key_idx = w.global::<KeymapBridge>().get_selected_key_index();
+            if key_idx < 0 { return; }
+            let key_idx = key_idx as usize;
+            let keys = keys_arc.borrow();
+            if key_idx >= keys.len() { return; }
+
+            let kp = &keys[key_idx];
+            let row = kp.row as usize;
+            let col = kp.col as usize;
+            drop(keys);
+            let layer = current_layer.get() as u8;
+
+            {
+                let mut km = current_keymap.borrow_mut();
+                if row < km.len() && col < km[row].len() {
+                    km[row][col] = code;
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Clone out of RefCells to avoid holding borrows across bridge calls
+            let layout = *keyboard_layout.borrow();
+            let km = current_keymap.borrow().clone();
+            let keys = keys_arc.borrow().clone();
+            let keycaps = w.global::<KeymapBridge>().get_keycaps();
+            update_keycap_labels(&keycaps, &keys, &km, &layout);
+
+            let cmd = logic::protocol::cmd_set_key(layer, row as u8, col as u8, code);
+            let serial = serial.clone();
+            std::thread::spawn(move || {
+                let mut ser = serial.lock().unwrap_or_else(|e| e.into_inner());
+                let _ = ser.send_command(&cmd);
+            });
+
+            w.global::<AppState>().set_status_text(
+                SharedString::from(format!("[{},{}] = 0x{:04X}", row, col, code))
+            );
+        })
+    };
+
+    // Macro steps state (needed by dispatch_keycode)
+    let macro_steps: Rc<std::cell::RefCell<Vec<(u8, u8)>>> = Rc::new(std::cell::RefCell::new(Vec::new()));
+    let refresh_macro_display = {
+        let macro_steps = macro_steps.clone();
+        let window_weak = window.as_weak();
+        Rc::new(move || {
+            let Some(w) = window_weak.upgrade() else { return };
+            let steps = macro_steps.borrow();
+            let display: Vec<MacroStepDisplay> = steps.iter().map(|&(kc, _md)| {
+                if kc == 0xFF {
+                    MacroStepDisplay {
+                        label: SharedString::from(format!("T {}ms", _md as u32 * 10)),
+                        is_delay: true,
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    MacroStepDisplay {
+                        label: SharedString::from(keycode::hid_key_name(kc)),
+                        is_delay: false,
+                    }
+                }
+            }).collect();
+            let text: Vec<String> = steps.iter().map(|&(kc, md)| {
+                if kc == 0xFF { format!("T({})", md as u32 * 10) }
+                else { format!("D({:02X})", kc) }
+            }).collect();
+            let mb = w.global::<MacroBridge>();
+            mb.set_new_steps(ModelRc::from(Rc::new(VecModel::from(display))));
+            mb.set_new_steps_text(SharedString::from(text.join(" ")));
+        })
+    };
+
+    // Dispatch key selection based on target
+    let dispatch_keycode = {
+        let apply_keycode = apply_keycode.clone();
+        let keys_arc = keys_arc.clone();
+        let macro_steps = macro_steps.clone();
+        let refresh_macro_display = refresh_macro_display.clone();
+        let window_weak = window.as_weak();
+
+        Rc::new(move |code: u16| {
+            let Some(w) = window_weak.upgrade() else { return };
+            let target = w.global::<KeymapBridge>().get_selector_target();
+            let name = SharedString::from(keycode::decode_keycode(code));
+
+            match target.as_str() {
+                "keymap" => { apply_keycode(code); }
+                "combo-result" => {
+                    let adv = w.global::<AdvancedBridge>();
+                    adv.set_new_combo_result_code(code as i32);
+                    adv.set_new_combo_result_name(name);
+                }
+                "ko-trigger" => {
+                    let adv = w.global::<AdvancedBridge>();
+                    adv.set_new_ko_trigger_code(code as i32);
+                    adv.set_new_ko_trigger_name(name);
+                }
+                "ko-result" => {
+                    let adv = w.global::<AdvancedBridge>();
+                    adv.set_new_ko_result_code(code as i32);
+                    adv.set_new_ko_result_name(name);
+                }
+                "leader-result" => {
+                    let adv = w.global::<AdvancedBridge>();
+                    adv.set_new_leader_result_code(code as i32);
+                    adv.set_new_leader_result_name(name);
+                }
+                "combo-key1" | "combo-key2" => {
+                    // For combo key picking, the user clicked on the keyboard view.
+                    // The selected key index tells us which physical key was clicked.
+                    let key_idx = w.global::<KeymapBridge>().get_selected_key_index();
+                    if key_idx >= 0 {
+                        let keys = keys_arc.borrow();
+                        let idx = key_idx as usize;
+                        if idx < keys.len() {
+                            let kp = &keys[idx];
+                            let adv = w.global::<AdvancedBridge>();
+                            let label = SharedString::from(format!("R{}C{}", kp.row, kp.col));
+                            if target.as_str() == "combo-key1" {
+                                adv.set_new_combo_r1(kp.row as i32);
+                                adv.set_new_combo_c1(kp.col as i32);
+                                adv.set_new_combo_key1_name(label);
+                            } else {
+                                adv.set_new_combo_r2(kp.row as i32);
+                                adv.set_new_combo_c2(kp.col as i32);
+                                adv.set_new_combo_key2_name(label);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                "leader-seq" => {
+                    let adv = w.global::<AdvancedBridge>();
+                    let count = adv.get_new_leader_seq_count();
+                    match count {
+                        0 => { adv.set_new_leader_seq0_code(code as i32); adv.set_new_leader_seq0_name(name); }
+                        1 => { adv.set_new_leader_seq1_code(code as i32); adv.set_new_leader_seq1_name(name); }
+                        2 => { adv.set_new_leader_seq2_code(code as i32); adv.set_new_leader_seq2_name(name); }
+                        3 => { adv.set_new_leader_seq3_code(code as i32); adv.set_new_leader_seq3_name(name); }
+                        _ => {}
+                    }
+                    if count < 4 { adv.set_new_leader_seq_count(count + 1); }
+                }
+                "macro-step" => {
+                    // Add key press (Down + Up) to macro steps
+                    let mut steps = macro_steps.borrow_mut();
+                    steps.push((code as u8, 0x00)); // D(key)
+                    drop(steps);
+                    refresh_macro_display();
+                }
+                _ => { apply_keycode(code); }
+            }
+        })
+    };
+
+    // Key from list
+    {
+        let dispatch = dispatch_keycode.clone();
+        window.global::<KeySelectorBridge>().on_select_keycode(move |code| {
+            dispatch(code as u16);
+        });
+    }
+
+    // Hex input
+    {
+        let dispatch = dispatch_keycode.clone();
+        window.global::<KeySelectorBridge>().on_apply_hex(move |hex_str| {
+            if let Ok(code) = u16::from_str_radix(hex_str.trim(), 16) {
+                dispatch(code);
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    // Hex preview: decode keycode and show human-readable name
+    {
+        let window_weak = window.as_weak();
+        window.global::<KeySelectorBridge>().on_preview_hex(move |hex_str| {
+            let preview = u16::from_str_radix(hex_str.trim(), 16)
+                .map(|code| keycode::decode_keycode(code))
+                .unwrap_or_default();
+            if let Some(w) = window_weak.upgrade() {
+                w.global::<KeySelectorBridge>().set_hex_preview(SharedString::from(preview));
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    // MT builder: mod_combo_index maps to modifier nibble, key_combo_index maps to HID code
+    {
+        let dispatch = dispatch_keycode.clone();
+        window.global::<KeySelectorBridge>().on_apply_mt(move |mod_idx, key_idx| {
+            let mod_nibble: u16 = match mod_idx {
+                0 => 0x01, // Ctrl
+                1 => 0x02, // Shift
+                2 => 0x04, // Alt
+                3 => 0x08, // GUI
+                4 => 0x10, // RCtrl
+                5 => 0x20, // RShift
+                6 => 0x40, // RAlt
+                7 => 0x80, // RGUI
+                _ => 0x02,
+            };
+            // ComboBox order: A-Z (0-25), 1-0 (26-35), Space(36), Enter(37), Esc(38), Tab(39), Bksp(40)
+            let hid: u16 = match key_idx {
+                0..=25 => 0x04 + key_idx as u16,    // A-Z
+                26..=35 => 0x1E + (key_idx - 26) as u16, // 1-0
+                36 => 0x2C, // Space
+                37 => 0x28, // Enter
+                38 => 0x29, // Esc
+                39 => 0x2B, // Tab
+                40 => 0x2A, // Backspace
+                _ => 0x04,
+            };
+            let code = 0x5000 | (mod_nibble << 8) | hid;
+            dispatch(code);
+        });
+    }
+
+    // LT builder: layer_combo_index = layer (0-9), key_combo_index maps to HID code
+    {
+        let dispatch = dispatch_keycode.clone();
+        window.global::<KeySelectorBridge>().on_apply_lt(move |layer_idx, key_idx| {
+            let layer = (layer_idx as u16) & 0x0F;
+            // ComboBox order: Space(0), Enter(1), Esc(2), Bksp(3), Tab(4), A-E(5-9)
+            let hid: u16 = match key_idx {
+                0 => 0x2C, // Space
+                1 => 0x28, // Enter
+                2 => 0x29, // Esc
+                3 => 0x2A, // Backspace
+                4 => 0x2B, // Tab
+                5..=9 => 0x04 + (key_idx - 5) as u16, // A-E
+                _ => 0x2C,
+            };
+            let code = 0x4000 | (layer << 8) | hid;
+            dispatch(code);
+        });
+    }
+
+    // --- Stats: refresh ---
+    {
+        let serial = serial.clone();
+        let tx = bg_tx.clone();
+
+        window.global::<StatsBridge>().on_refresh_stats(move || {
+            let serial = serial.clone();
+            let tx = tx.clone();
+            std::thread::spawn(move || {
+                let mut ser = serial.lock().unwrap_or_else(|e| e.into_inner());
+                let lines = ser.query_command("KEYSTATS?").unwrap_or_default();
+                let (data, max) = logic::parsers::parse_heatmap_lines(&lines);
+                let _ = tx.send(BgMsg::HeatmapData(data, max));
+                // Also fetch bigrams
+                let bigram_lines = ser.query_command("BIGRAMS?").unwrap_or_default();
+                let _ = tx.send(BgMsg::BigramLines(bigram_lines));
+            });
+        });
+    }
+
+    // --- Advanced: refresh ---
+    {
+        let serial = serial.clone();
+        let tx = bg_tx.clone();
+
+        window.global::<AdvancedBridge>().on_refresh_advanced(move || {
+            let serial = serial.clone();
+            let tx = tx.clone();
+            std::thread::spawn(move || {
+                let mut ser = serial.lock().unwrap_or_else(|e| e.into_inner());
+                for (tag, cmd) in [("td", "TD?"), ("combo", "COMBO?"), ("leader", "LEADER?"), ("ko", "KO?"), ("bt", "BT?"), ("tama", "TAMA?"), ("autoshift", "AUTOSHIFT?")] {
+                    let lines = ser.query_command(cmd).unwrap_or_default();
+                    let _ = tx.send(BgMsg::TextLines(tag.into(), lines));
+                }
+            });
+        });
+    }
+
+    // --- Advanced: delete combo ---
+    {
+        let serial = serial.clone();
+        let tx = bg_tx.clone();
+
+        window.global::<AdvancedBridge>().on_delete_combo(move |idx| {
+            let serial = serial.clone();
+            let tx = tx.clone();
+            let cmd = logic::protocol::cmd_combodel(idx as u8);
+            std::thread::spawn(move || {
+                let mut ser = serial.lock().unwrap_or_else(|e| e.into_inner());
+                let _ = ser.send_command(&cmd);
+                let lines = ser.query_command("COMBO?").unwrap_or_default();
+                let _ = tx.send(BgMsg::TextLines("combo".into(), lines));
+            });
+        });
+    }
+
+    // --- Advanced: delete leader ---
+    {
+        let serial = serial.clone();
+        let tx = bg_tx.clone();
+
+        window.global::<AdvancedBridge>().on_delete_leader(move |idx| {
+            let serial = serial.clone();
+            let tx = tx.clone();
+            let cmd = logic::protocol::cmd_leaderdel(idx as u8);
+            std::thread::spawn(move || {
+                let mut ser = serial.lock().unwrap_or_else(|e| e.into_inner());
+                let _ = ser.send_command(&cmd);
+                let lines = ser.query_command("LEADER?").unwrap_or_default();
+                let _ = tx.send(BgMsg::TextLines("leader".into(), lines));
+            });
+        });
+    }
+
+    // --- Advanced: delete KO ---
+    {
+        let serial = serial.clone();
+        let tx = bg_tx.clone();
+
+        window.global::<AdvancedBridge>().on_delete_ko(move |idx| {
+            let serial = serial.clone();
+            let tx = tx.clone();
+            let cmd = logic::protocol::cmd_kodel(idx as u8);
+            std::thread::spawn(move || {
+                let mut ser = serial.lock().unwrap_or_else(|e| e.into_inner());
+                let _ = ser.send_command(&cmd);
+                let lines = ser.query_command("KO?").unwrap_or_default();
+                let _ = tx.send(BgMsg::TextLines("ko".into(), lines));
+            });
+        });
+    }
+
+    // --- Advanced: set trilayer ---
+    {
+        let serial = serial.clone();
+        let window_weak = window.as_weak();
+
+        window.global::<AdvancedBridge>().on_set_trilayer(move |l1, l2, l3| {
+            let l1 = l1 as u8;
+            let l2 = l2 as u8;
+            let l3 = l3 as u8;
+            let cmd = logic::protocol::cmd_trilayer(l1, l2, l3);
+            let serial = serial.clone();
+            std::thread::spawn(move || {
+                let mut ser = serial.lock().unwrap_or_else(|e| e.into_inner());
+                let _ = ser.send_command(&cmd);
+            });
+            if let Some(w) = window_weak.upgrade() {
+                w.global::<AppState>().set_status_text(
+                    SharedString::from(format!("Tri-layer: {} + {} → {}", l1, l2, l3))
+                );
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    // --- Advanced: BT switch ---
+    {
+        let serial = serial.clone();
+
+        window.global::<AdvancedBridge>().on_bt_switch(move |slot| {
+            let cmd = logic::protocol::cmd_bt_switch(slot as u8);
+            let serial = serial.clone();
+            std::thread::spawn(move || {
+                let mut ser = serial.lock().unwrap_or_else(|e| e.into_inner());
+                let _ = ser.send_command(&cmd);
+            });
+        });
+    }
+
+    // --- Advanced: TAMA action ---
+    {
+        let serial = serial.clone();
+        let tx = bg_tx.clone();
+
+        window.global::<AdvancedBridge>().on_tama_action(move |action| {
+            let cmd = match action.as_str() {
+                "feed" => "TAMA FEED",
+                "play" => "TAMA PLAY",
+                "sleep" => "TAMA SLEEP",
+                "meds" => "TAMA MEDS",
+                "toggle" => "TAMA TOGGLE",
+                _ => return,
+            };
+            let serial = serial.clone();
+            let tx = tx.clone();
+            let cmd = cmd.to_string();
+            std::thread::spawn(move || {
+                let mut ser = serial.lock().unwrap_or_else(|e| e.into_inner());
+                let _ = ser.send_command(&cmd);
+                let lines = ser.query_command("TAMA?").unwrap_or_default();
+                let _ = tx.send(BgMsg::TextLines("tama".into(), lines));
+            });
+        });
+    }
+
+    // --- Advanced: toggle autoshift ---
+    {
+        let serial = serial.clone();
+        let tx = bg_tx.clone();
+
+        window.global::<AdvancedBridge>().on_toggle_autoshift(move || {
+            let serial = serial.clone();
+            let tx = tx.clone();
+            std::thread::spawn(move || {
+                let mut ser = serial.lock().unwrap_or_else(|e| e.into_inner());
+                let _ = ser.send_command("AUTOSHIFT TOGGLE");
+                let lines = ser.query_command("AUTOSHIFT?").unwrap_or_default();
+                let _ = tx.send(BgMsg::TextLines("autoshift".into(), lines));
+            });
+        });
+    }
+
+    // --- Advanced: create combo ---
+    {
+        let serial = serial.clone();
+        let tx = bg_tx.clone();
+        let window_weak = window.as_weak();
+
+        window.global::<AdvancedBridge>().on_create_combo(move || {
+            let Some(w) = window_weak.upgrade() else { return };
+            let adv = w.global::<AdvancedBridge>();
+            let r1 = adv.get_new_combo_r1() as u8;
+            let c1 = adv.get_new_combo_c1() as u8;
+            let r2 = adv.get_new_combo_r2() as u8;
+            let c2 = adv.get_new_combo_c2() as u8;
+            let result = adv.get_new_combo_result_code() as u8;
+            let cmd = logic::protocol::cmd_comboset(255, r1, c1, r2, c2, result);
+            let serial = serial.clone();
+            let tx = tx.clone();
+            std::thread::spawn(move || {
+                let mut ser = serial.lock().unwrap_or_else(|e| e.into_inner());
+                let _ = ser.send_command(&cmd);
+                let lines = ser.query_command("COMBO?").unwrap_or_default();
+                let _ = tx.send(BgMsg::TextLines("combo".into(), lines));
+            });
+            w.global::<AppState>().set_status_text("Creating combo...".into());
+        });
+    }
+
+    // --- Advanced: create KO ---
+    {
+        let serial = serial.clone();
+        let tx = bg_tx.clone();
+        let window_weak = window.as_weak();
+
+        window.global::<AdvancedBridge>().on_create_ko(move |trig_code, trig_mod_idx, result_code, res_mod_idx| {
+            let trig = trig_code as u8;
+            let trig_mod = mod_idx_to_byte(trig_mod_idx);
+            let result = result_code as u8;
+            let res_mod = mod_idx_to_byte(res_mod_idx);
+            let cmd = logic::protocol::cmd_koset(255, trig, trig_mod, result, res_mod);
+            let serial = serial.clone();
+            let tx = tx.clone();
+            std::thread::spawn(move || {
+                let mut ser = serial.lock().unwrap_or_else(|e| e.into_inner());
+                let _ = ser.send_command(&cmd);
+                let lines = ser.query_command("KO?").unwrap_or_default();
+                let _ = tx.send(BgMsg::TextLines("ko".into(), lines));
+            });
+            if let Some(w) = window_weak.upgrade() {
+                w.global::<AppState>().set_status_text("Creating key override...".into());
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    // --- Advanced: create leader ---
+    {
+        let serial = serial.clone();
+        let tx = bg_tx.clone();
+        let window_weak = window.as_weak();
+
+        window.global::<AdvancedBridge>().on_create_leader(move |result_code: i32, mod_idx: i32| {
+            let Some(w) = window_weak.upgrade() else { return };
+            let adv = w.global::<AdvancedBridge>();
+            let count = adv.get_new_leader_seq_count() as usize;
+            let mut sequence = Vec::new();
+            if count > 0 { sequence.push(adv.get_new_leader_seq0_code() as u8); }
+            if count > 1 { sequence.push(adv.get_new_leader_seq1_code() as u8); }
+            if count > 2 { sequence.push(adv.get_new_leader_seq2_code() as u8); }
+            if count > 3 { sequence.push(adv.get_new_leader_seq3_code() as u8); }
+            let result = result_code as u8;
+            let result_mod = mod_idx_to_byte(mod_idx);
+            let cmd = logic::protocol::cmd_leaderset(255, &sequence, result, result_mod);
+            let serial = serial.clone();
+            let tx = tx.clone();
+            std::thread::spawn(move || {
+                let mut ser = serial.lock().unwrap_or_else(|e| e.into_inner());
+                let _ = ser.send_command(&cmd);
+                let lines = ser.query_command("LEADER?").unwrap_or_default();
+                let _ = tx.send(BgMsg::TextLines("leader".into(), lines));
+            });
+            if let Some(w) = window_weak.upgrade() {
+                w.global::<AppState>().set_status_text("Creating leader key...".into());
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    // --- Macros: refresh ---
+    {
+        let serial = serial.clone();
+        let tx = bg_tx.clone();
+
+        window.global::<MacroBridge>().on_refresh_macros(move || {
+            let serial = serial.clone();
+            let tx = tx.clone();
+            std::thread::spawn(move || {
+                let mut ser = serial.lock().unwrap_or_else(|e| e.into_inner());
+                let lines = ser.query_command("MACROS?").unwrap_or_default();
+                let _ = tx.send(BgMsg::TextLines("macros".into(), lines));
+            });
+        });
+    }
+
+    // --- Macros: add delay step ---
+    {
+        let macro_steps = macro_steps.clone();
+        let refresh = refresh_macro_display.clone();
+
+        window.global::<MacroBridge>().on_add_delay_step(move |ms| {
+            let units = (ms as u8) / 10;
+            macro_steps.borrow_mut().push((0xFF, units));
+            refresh();
+        });
+    }
+
+    // --- Macros: remove last step ---
+    {
+        let macro_steps = macro_steps.clone();
+        let refresh = refresh_macro_display.clone();
+
+        window.global::<MacroBridge>().on_remove_last_step(move || {
+            macro_steps.borrow_mut().pop();
+            refresh();
+        });
+    }
+
+    // --- Macros: clear steps ---
+    {
+        let macro_steps = macro_steps.clone();
+        let refresh = refresh_macro_display.clone();
+
+        window.global::<MacroBridge>().on_clear_steps(move || {
+            macro_steps.borrow_mut().clear();
+            refresh();
+        });
+    }
+
+    // --- Macros: save ---
+    {
+        let serial = serial.clone();
+        let tx = bg_tx.clone();
+        let macro_steps = macro_steps.clone();
+        let window_weak = window.as_weak();
+
+        window.global::<MacroBridge>().on_save_macro(move || {
+            let Some(w) = window_weak.upgrade() else { return };
+            let mb = w.global::<MacroBridge>();
+            let slot_num = mb.get_new_slot_idx() as u8;
+            let name = mb.get_new_name().to_string();
+            let steps = macro_steps.borrow();
+            let steps_str: Vec<String> = steps.iter().map(|&(kc, md)| {
+                if kc == 0xFF { format!("{:02X}:{:02X}", kc, md) }
+                else { format!("{:02X}:{:02X}", kc, md) }
+            }).collect();
+            let steps_text = steps_str.join(",");
+            drop(steps);
+            let cmd = logic::protocol::cmd_macroseq(slot_num, &name, &steps_text);
+            let serial = serial.clone();
+            let tx = tx.clone();
+            std::thread::spawn(move || {
+                let mut ser = serial.lock().unwrap_or_else(|e| e.into_inner());
+                let _ = ser.send_command(&cmd);
+                let lines = ser.query_command("MACROS?").unwrap_or_default();
+                let _ = tx.send(BgMsg::TextLines("macros".into(), lines));
+            });
+            w.global::<AppState>().set_status_text(
+                SharedString::from(format!("Saving macro #{}...", slot_num))
+            );
+        });
+    }
+
+    // --- Macros: delete ---
+    {
+        let serial = serial.clone();
+        let tx = bg_tx.clone();
+
+        window.global::<MacroBridge>().on_delete_macro(move |slot| {
+            let cmd = logic::protocol::cmd_macro_del(slot as u8);
+            let serial = serial.clone();
+            let tx = tx.clone();
+            std::thread::spawn(move || {
+                let mut ser = serial.lock().unwrap_or_else(|e| e.into_inner());
+                let _ = ser.send_command(&cmd);
+                let lines = ser.query_command("MACROS?").unwrap_or_default();
+                let _ = tx.send(BgMsg::TextLines("macros".into(), lines));
+            });
+        });
+    }
+
+    // --- Flasher: refresh prog ports ---
+    {
+        let window_weak = window.as_weak();
+
+        window.global::<FlasherBridge>().on_refresh_prog_ports(move || {
+            let ports = SerialManager::list_prog_ports();
+            if let Some(w) = window_weak.upgrade() {
+                if let Some(first) = ports.first() {
+                    w.global::<FlasherBridge>().set_selected_prog_port(SharedString::from(first.as_str()));
+                }
+                let model: Vec<SharedString> = ports.iter().map(|p| SharedString::from(p.as_str())).collect();
+                w.global::<FlasherBridge>().set_prog_ports(
+                    ModelRc::from(Rc::new(VecModel::from(model)))
+                );
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    // --- Flasher: browse firmware ---
+    {
+        let window_weak = window.as_weak();
+
+        window.global::<FlasherBridge>().on_browse_firmware(move || {
+            let window_weak = window_weak.clone();
+            std::thread::spawn(move || {
+                let file = rfd::FileDialog::new()
+                    .add_filter("Firmware", &["bin"])
+                    .pick_file();
+                if let Some(path) = file {
+                    let path_str = path.to_string_lossy().to_string();
+                    let _ = slint::invoke_from_event_loop(move || {
+                        if let Some(w) = window_weak.upgrade() {
+                            w.global::<FlasherBridge>().set_firmware_path(
+                                SharedString::from(path_str.as_str())
+                            );
+                        }
+                    });
+                }
+            });
+        });
+    }
+
+    // --- Flasher: flash ---
+    {
+        let tx = bg_tx.clone();
+        let window_weak = window.as_weak();
+
+        window.global::<FlasherBridge>().on_flash(move || {
+            let Some(w) = window_weak.upgrade() else { return };
+            let flasher = w.global::<FlasherBridge>();
+            let port = flasher.get_selected_prog_port().to_string();
+            let path = flasher.get_firmware_path().to_string();
+            let offset: u32 = match flasher.get_flash_offset_index() {
+                0 => 0x20000,   // factory
+                1 => 0x220000,  // ota_0
+                _ => 0x20000,
+            };
+
+            if port.is_empty() || path.is_empty() { return; }
+
+            // Read firmware file
+            let firmware = match std::fs::read(&path) {
+                Ok(data) => data,
+                Err(e) => {
+                    let _ = tx.send(BgMsg::FlashDone(Err(format!("Cannot read {}: {}", path, e))));
+                    return;
+                }
+            };
+
+            flasher.set_flashing(true);
+            flasher.set_flash_progress(0.0);
+            flasher.set_flash_status(SharedString::from("Starting..."));
+
+            let tx = tx.clone();
+            std::thread::spawn(move || {
+                let (ftx, frx) = mpsc::channel();
+                // Forward flash progress to main bg channel
+                let tx2 = tx.clone();
+                let progress_thread = std::thread::spawn(move || {
+                    while let Ok(logic::flasher::FlashProgress::OtaProgress(p, msg)) = frx.recv() {
+                        let _ = tx2.send(BgMsg::FlashProgress(p, msg));
+                    }
+                });
+
+                let result = logic::flasher::flash_firmware(&port, &firmware, offset, &ftx);
+                drop(ftx); // close channel so progress_thread exits
+                let _ = progress_thread.join();
+                let _ = tx.send(BgMsg::FlashDone(result.map_err(|e| e.to_string())));
+            });
+        });
+    }
+
+    // Init prog ports list
+    {
+        let ports = SerialManager::list_prog_ports();
+        if let Some(first) = ports.first() {
+            window.global::<FlasherBridge>().set_selected_prog_port(SharedString::from(first.as_str()));
+        }
+        let model: Vec<SharedString> = ports.iter().map(|p| SharedString::from(p.as_str())).collect();
+        window.global::<FlasherBridge>().set_prog_ports(
+            ModelRc::from(Rc::new(VecModel::from(model)))
+        );
+    }
+
+    // --- Poll background messages via timer ---
+    {
+        let window_weak = window.as_weak();
+        let keys_arc = keys_arc.clone();
+        let current_keymap = current_keymap.clone();
+        let keyboard_layout = keyboard_layout.clone();
+        let heatmap_data = heatmap_data.clone();
+
+        let timer = slint::Timer::default();
+        timer.start(
+            slint::TimerMode::Repeated,
+            std::time::Duration::from_millis(50),
+            move || {
+                let Some(window) = window_weak.upgrade() else { return };
+
+                while let Ok(msg) = bg_rx.try_recv() {
+                    match msg {
+                        BgMsg::Connected(port, fw, names, km) => {
+                            let app = window.global::<AppState>();
+                            app.set_connection(ConnectionState::Connected);
+                            app.set_firmware_version(SharedString::from(&fw));
+                            app.set_status_text(SharedString::from(format!("Connected to {}", port)));
+
+                            let new_layers = build_layer_model(&names);
+                            window.global::<KeymapBridge>().set_layers(ModelRc::from(new_layers));
+
+                            *current_keymap.borrow_mut() = km.clone();
+                            let keycaps = window.global::<KeymapBridge>().get_keycaps();
+                            let layout = keyboard_layout.borrow();
+                            let keys = keys_arc.borrow();
+                            update_keycap_labels(&keycaps, &keys, &km, &layout);
+                        }
+                        BgMsg::ConnectError(e) => {
+                            let app = window.global::<AppState>();
+                            app.set_connection(ConnectionState::Disconnected);
+                            app.set_status_text(SharedString::from(format!("Error: {}", e)));
+                        }
+                        BgMsg::Keymap(km) => {
+                            *current_keymap.borrow_mut() = km.clone();
+                            let keycaps = window.global::<KeymapBridge>().get_keycaps();
+                            let layout = keyboard_layout.borrow();
+                            let keys = keys_arc.borrow();
+                            update_keycap_labels(&keycaps, &keys, &km, &layout);
+                            window.global::<AppState>().set_status_text("Keymap loaded".into());
+                        }
+                        BgMsg::LayerNames(names) => {
+                            let new_layers = build_layer_model(&names);
+                            window.global::<KeymapBridge>().set_layers(ModelRc::from(new_layers));
+                        }
+                        BgMsg::Disconnected => {
+                            let app = window.global::<AppState>();
+                            app.set_connection(ConnectionState::Disconnected);
+                            app.set_firmware_version(SharedString::default());
+                            app.set_status_text("Disconnected".into());
+                        }
+                        BgMsg::LayoutJson(new_keys) => {
+                            *keys_arc.borrow_mut() = new_keys.clone();
+                            let new_model = build_keycap_model(&new_keys);
+                            let km = current_keymap.borrow();
+                            if !km.is_empty() {
+                                let layout = keyboard_layout.borrow();
+                                update_keycap_labels(&new_model, &new_keys, &km, &layout);
+                            }
+                            // Compute content bounds for responsive scaling
+                            let mut max_x: f32 = 0.0;
+                            let mut max_y: f32 = 0.0;
+                            for kp in &new_keys {
+                                let right = kp.x + kp.w;
+                                let bottom = kp.y + kp.h;
+                                if right > max_x { max_x = right; }
+                                if bottom > max_y { max_y = bottom; }
+                            }
+                            let bridge = window.global::<KeymapBridge>();
+                            bridge.set_content_width(max_x);
+                            bridge.set_content_height(max_y);
+                            bridge.set_keycaps(ModelRc::from(new_model));
+                            window.global::<AppState>().set_status_text(
+                                SharedString::from(format!("Layout loaded ({} keys)", new_keys.len()))
+                            );
+                        }
+                        BgMsg::BigramLines(lines) => {
+                            let entries = logic::stats_analyzer::parse_bigram_lines(&lines);
+                            let analysis = logic::stats_analyzer::analyze_bigrams(&entries);
+                            window.global::<StatsBridge>().set_bigrams(BigramData {
+                                alt_hand_pct: analysis.alt_hand_pct,
+                                same_hand_pct: analysis.same_hand_pct,
+                                sfb_pct: analysis.sfb_pct,
+                                total: analysis.total as i32,
+                            });
+                        }
+                        BgMsg::FlashProgress(progress, msg) => {
+                            let flasher = window.global::<FlasherBridge>();
+                            flasher.set_flash_progress(progress);
+                            flasher.set_flash_status(SharedString::from(msg));
+                        }
+                        BgMsg::FlashDone(result) => {
+                            let flasher = window.global::<FlasherBridge>();
+                            flasher.set_flashing(false);
+                            match result {
+                                Ok(()) => {
+                                    flasher.set_flash_progress(1.0);
+                                    flasher.set_flash_status(SharedString::from("Flash complete!"));
+                                    window.global::<AppState>().set_status_text("Flash complete!".into());
+                                }
+                                Err(e) => {
+                                    flasher.set_flash_status(SharedString::from(format!("Error: {}", e)));
+                                    window.global::<AppState>().set_status_text(
+                                        SharedString::from(format!("Flash error: {}", e))
+                                    );
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                        BgMsg::HeatmapData(data, max) => {
+                            *heatmap_data.borrow_mut() = data.clone();
+
+                            // Update heat intensity on keycaps
+                            let keycaps = window.global::<KeymapBridge>().get_keycaps();
+                            let keys = keys_arc.borrow();
+                            for i in 0..keycaps.row_count() {
+                                if i >= keys.len() { break; }
+                                let mut item = keycaps.row_data(i).unwrap();
+                                let kp = &keys[i];
+                                let row = kp.row as usize;
+                                let col = kp.col as usize;
+                                let count = data.get(row)
+                                    .and_then(|r| r.get(col))
+                                    .copied()
+                                    .unwrap_or(0);
+                                item.heat = if max > 0 { count as f32 / max as f32 } else { 0.0 };
+                                keycaps.set_row_data(i, item);
+                            }
+                            drop(keys);
+
+                            let km = current_keymap.borrow();
+                            let balance = logic::stats_analyzer::hand_balance(&data);
+                            let fingers = logic::stats_analyzer::finger_load(&data);
+                            let rows = logic::stats_analyzer::row_usage(&data);
+                            let top = logic::stats_analyzer::top_keys(&data, &km, 10);
+                            let dead = logic::stats_analyzer::dead_keys(&data, &km);
+
+                            let stats = window.global::<StatsBridge>();
+                            stats.set_hand_balance(HandBalanceData {
+                                left_pct: balance.left_pct,
+                                right_pct: balance.right_pct,
+                                total: balance.total as i32,
+                            });
+                            stats.set_total_presses(balance.total as i32);
+
+                            let finger_model: Vec<FingerLoadData> = fingers.iter().map(|f| FingerLoadData {
+                                name: SharedString::from(&f.name),
+                                pct: f.pct,
+                                count: f.count as i32,
+                            }).collect();
+                            stats.set_finger_load(ModelRc::from(Rc::new(VecModel::from(finger_model))));
+
+                            let row_model: Vec<RowUsageData> = rows.iter().map(|r| RowUsageData {
+                                name: SharedString::from(&r.name),
+                                pct: r.pct,
+                                count: r.count as i32,
+                            }).collect();
+                            stats.set_row_usage(ModelRc::from(Rc::new(VecModel::from(row_model))));
+
+                            let top_model: Vec<TopKeyData> = top.iter().map(|t| TopKeyData {
+                                name: SharedString::from(&t.name),
+                                finger: SharedString::from(&t.finger),
+                                count: t.count as i32,
+                                pct: t.pct,
+                            }).collect();
+                            stats.set_top_keys(ModelRc::from(Rc::new(VecModel::from(top_model))));
+
+                            let dead_model: Vec<SharedString> = dead.iter().map(|d| SharedString::from(d.as_str())).collect();
+                            stats.set_dead_keys(ModelRc::from(Rc::new(VecModel::from(dead_model))));
+
+                            window.global::<AppState>().set_status_text(
+                                SharedString::from(format!("Stats loaded ({} total presses, max {})", balance.total, max))
+                            );
+                        }
+                        BgMsg::TextLines(tag, lines) => {
+                            match tag.as_str() {
+                                "td" => {
+                                    let td_data = logic::parsers::parse_td_lines(&lines);
+                                    let model: Vec<TapDanceData> = td_data.iter().enumerate()
+                                        .filter(|(_, actions)| actions.iter().any(|&a| a != 0))
+                                        .map(|(i, actions)| TapDanceData {
+                                            index: i as i32,
+                                            actions: ModelRc::from(Rc::new(VecModel::from(
+                                                actions.iter().map(|&a| SharedString::from(keycode::decode_keycode(a))).collect::<Vec<_>>()
+                                            ))),
+                                        })
+                                        .collect();
+                                    window.global::<AdvancedBridge>().set_tap_dances(
+                                        ModelRc::from(Rc::new(VecModel::from(model)))
+                                    );
+                                }
+                                "combo" => {
+                                    let combo_data = logic::parsers::parse_combo_lines(&lines);
+                                    let model: Vec<ComboData> = combo_data.iter().map(|c| ComboData {
+                                        index: c.index as i32,
+                                        key1: SharedString::from(format!("R{}C{}", c.r1, c.c1)),
+                                        key2: SharedString::from(format!("R{}C{}", c.r2, c.c2)),
+                                        result: SharedString::from(keycode::decode_keycode(c.result)),
+                                    }).collect();
+                                    window.global::<AdvancedBridge>().set_combos(
+                                        ModelRc::from(Rc::new(VecModel::from(model)))
+                                    );
+                                }
+                                "leader" => {
+                                    let leader_data = logic::parsers::parse_leader_lines(&lines);
+                                    let model: Vec<LeaderData> = leader_data.iter().map(|l| {
+                                        let seq: Vec<String> = l.sequence.iter()
+                                            .map(|&k| keycode::hid_key_name(k))
+                                            .collect();
+                                        LeaderData {
+                                            index: l.index as i32,
+                                            sequence: SharedString::from(seq.join(" → ")),
+                                            result: SharedString::from(keycode::hid_key_name(l.result)),
+                                        }
+                                    }).collect();
+                                    window.global::<AdvancedBridge>().set_leaders(
+                                        ModelRc::from(Rc::new(VecModel::from(model)))
+                                    );
+                                }
+                                "ko" => {
+                                    let ko_data = logic::parsers::parse_ko_lines(&lines);
+                                    let model: Vec<KeyOverrideData> = ko_data.iter().enumerate().map(|(i, ko)| {
+                                        KeyOverrideData {
+                                            index: i as i32,
+                                            trigger: SharedString::from(keycode::hid_key_name(ko[0])),
+                                            result: SharedString::from(keycode::hid_key_name(ko[2])),
+                                        }
+                                    }).collect();
+                                    window.global::<AdvancedBridge>().set_key_overrides(
+                                        ModelRc::from(Rc::new(VecModel::from(model)))
+                                    );
+                                }
+                                "bt" => {
+                                    let bt_text = lines.join("\n");
+                                    window.global::<AdvancedBridge>().set_bt_status(SharedString::from(bt_text));
+                                }
+                                "macros" => {
+                                    let macro_data = logic::parsers::parse_macro_lines(&lines);
+                                    let model: Vec<MacroData> = macro_data.iter().map(|m| {
+                                        let steps_str: Vec<String> = m.steps.iter().map(|s| {
+                                            if s.is_delay() {
+                                                format!("T({})", s.delay_ms())
+                                            } else {
+                                                format!("D({:02X})", s.keycode)
+                                            }
+                                        }).collect();
+                                        MacroData {
+                                            slot: m.slot as i32,
+                                            name: SharedString::from(&m.name),
+                                            steps: SharedString::from(steps_str.join(" ")),
+                                        }
+                                    }).collect();
+                                    window.global::<MacroBridge>().set_macros(
+                                        ModelRc::from(Rc::new(VecModel::from(model)))
+                                    );
+                                }
+                                "wpm" => {
+                                    if let Some(line) = lines.first() {
+                                        let wpm: u16 = line.split_whitespace()
+                                            .last()
+                                            .and_then(|s| s.parse().ok())
+                                            .unwrap_or(0);
+                                        window.global::<AppState>().set_wpm(wpm as i32);
+                                    }
+                                }
+                                "tama" => {
+                                    let text = lines.join("\n");
+                                    window.global::<AdvancedBridge>().set_tama_status(SharedString::from(text));
+                                }
+                                "autoshift" => {
+                                    let text = lines.join(" ");
+                                    window.global::<AdvancedBridge>().set_autoshift_status(SharedString::from(text));
+                                }
+                                _ => {}
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            },
+        );
+
+        // WPM polling timer (5s, non-blocking try_lock in background thread)
+        let wpm_timer = slint::Timer::default();
+        {
+            let serial = serial.clone();
+            let tx = bg_tx.clone();
+            let window_weak2 = window.as_weak();
+
+            wpm_timer.start(
+                slint::TimerMode::Repeated,
+                std::time::Duration::from_secs(5),
+                move || {
+                    let Some(w) = window_weak2.upgrade() else { return };
+                    if w.global::<AppState>().get_connection() != ConnectionState::Connected { return; }
+                    let serial = serial.clone();
+                    let tx = tx.clone();
+                    std::thread::spawn(move || {
+                        let Ok(mut ser) = serial.try_lock() else { return };
+                        let lines = ser.query_command("WPM?").unwrap_or_default();
+                        drop(ser);
+                        let _ = tx.send(BgMsg::TextLines("wpm".into(), lines));
+                    });
+                },
+            );
+        }
+
+        // Keep timers alive
+        let _keep_timer = timer;
+        let _keep_wpm = wpm_timer;
+        window.run().unwrap();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ui/components/connection_bar.slint b/ui/components/connection_bar.slint
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7dbb575
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ui/components/connection_bar.slint
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+import { ComboBox, Button } from "std-widgets.slint";
+import { Theme } from "../theme.slint";
+import { AppState, ConnectionBridge, ConnectionState } from "../globals.slint";
+
+export component ConnectionBar inherits Rectangle {
+    height: 48px;
+    background: Theme.bg-secondary;
+
+    HorizontalLayout {
+        padding: 8px;
+        spacing: 12px;
+        alignment: start;
+        // Status LED (wrapped in a VerticalLayout to center it)
+        VerticalLayout {
+            alignment: center;
+            Rectangle {
+                width: 16px;
+                height: 16px;
+                border-radius: 8px;
+                background: AppState.connection == ConnectionState.connected ? Theme.connected : Theme.disconnected;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Port selector (placeholder - ComboBox needs string model)
+        Text {
+            text: ConnectionBridge.selected-port != "" ? ConnectionBridge.selected-port : "No port selected";
+            color: Theme.fg-primary;
+            vertical-alignment: center;
+        }
+
+        // Connect/Disconnect button
+        Button {
+            text: AppState.connection == ConnectionState.connected ? "Disconnect" : "Connect";
+            enabled: AppState.connection == ConnectionState.connected || AppState.connection == ConnectionState.disconnected;
+            clicked => {
+                if AppState.connection == ConnectionState.connected {
+                    ConnectionBridge.disconnect();
+                } else {
+                    ConnectionBridge.connect();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Spacer
+        Rectangle {
+            horizontal-stretch: 1;
+        }
+
+        // Firmware version
+        Text {
+            text: AppState.firmware-version;
+            color: Theme.fg-secondary;
+            vertical-alignment: center;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ui/components/key_button.slint b/ui/components/key_button.slint
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1f65b98
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ui/components/key_button.slint
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+import { Theme } from "../theme.slint";
+import { KeycapData, KeymapBridge } from "../globals.slint";
+
+export component KeyButton inherits Rectangle {
+    in property <KeycapData> data;
+    in property <float> scale: 1.0;
+    callback clicked(int);
+
+    // Heat color: interpolate blue(cold) -> yellow -> red(hot)
+    property <color> heat-color:
+        data.heat < 0.5
+            ? Colors.blue.mix(Colors.yellow, data.heat * 2)
+            : Colors.yellow.mix(Colors.red, (data.heat - 0.5) * 2);
+
+    property <color> base-color:
+        KeymapBridge.heatmap-enabled && data.heat > 0 ? root.heat-color : data.color;
+
+    width: data.w;
+    height: data.h;
+    background: transparent;
+
+    inner := Rectangle {
+        width: 100%;
+        height: 100%;
+        border-radius: 4px;
+        background: data.selected ? Theme.accent-purple : root.base-color;
+        border-width: 1px;
+        border-color: data.selected ? Theme.accent-cyan : Theme.bg-primary;
+        transform-rotation: data.rotation * 1deg;
+        transform-origin: {
+            x: self.width / 2,
+            y: self.height / 2,
+        };
+
+        Text {
+            text: data.label;
+            color: Theme.fg-primary;
+            font-size: max(7px, 11px * root.scale);
+            horizontal-alignment: center;
+            vertical-alignment: center;
+        }
+
+        if data.sublabel != "" : Text {
+            y: parent.height - 14px * root.scale;
+            text: data.sublabel;
+            color: Theme.fg-secondary;
+            font-size: max(5px, 8px * root.scale);
+            horizontal-alignment: center;
+            width: 100%;
+        }
+
+        TouchArea {
+            clicked => { root.clicked(data.index); }
+            mouse-cursor: pointer;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ui/components/key_selector.slint b/ui/components/key_selector.slint
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f7eb169
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ui/components/key_selector.slint
@@ -0,0 +1,271 @@
+import { LineEdit, Button, ComboBox, ScrollView } from "std-widgets.slint";
+import { Theme } from "../theme.slint";
+import { KeySelectorBridge, KeymapBridge, KeyEntry, KeycapData } from "../globals.slint";
+import { KeyButton } from "key_button.slint";
+
+component KeyTile inherits Rectangle {
+    in property <string> label;
+    in property <int> code;
+    callback picked(int);
+
+    width: 52px;
+    height: 30px;
+    border-radius: 4px;
+    background: ta.has-hover ? Theme.accent-purple : Theme.button-bg;
+
+    Text {
+        text: root.label;
+        color: Theme.fg-primary;
+        font-size: 11px;
+        horizontal-alignment: center;
+        vertical-alignment: center;
+    }
+
+    ta := TouchArea {
+        clicked => { root.picked(root.code); }
+        mouse-cursor: pointer;
+    }
+}
+
+component SectionLabel inherits Text {
+    color: Theme.accent-cyan;
+    font-size: 12px;
+    font-weight: 600;
+}
+
+component KeySection inherits VerticalLayout {
+    in property <string> title;
+    in property <[KeyEntry]> keys;
+    in property <int> cols: 7;
+    callback picked(int);
+
+    property <length> tile-w: 55px;
+    property <length> tile-h: 30px;
+    property <length> gap: 3px;
+
+    spacing: 3px;
+
+    if keys.length > 0 : SectionLabel { text: root.title; }
+    if keys.length > 0 : Rectangle {
+        height: (Math.ceil(keys.length / root.cols) ) * (root.tile-h + root.gap);
+
+        for key[idx] in root.keys : KeyTile {
+            x: mod(idx, root.cols) * (root.tile-w + root.gap);
+            y: floor(idx / root.cols) * (root.tile-h + root.gap);
+            width: root.tile-w;
+            label: key.name;
+            code: key.code;
+            picked(c) => { root.picked(c); }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+export component KeySelector inherits Rectangle {
+    visible: KeymapBridge.key-selector-open;
+    background: #000000aa;
+
+    TouchArea { clicked => { KeymapBridge.key-selector-open = false; } }
+
+    function pick(code: int) {
+        KeySelectorBridge.select-keycode(code);
+        KeymapBridge.key-selector-open = false;
+    }
+
+    Rectangle {
+        x: (parent.width - self.width) / 2;
+        y: (parent.height - self.height) / 2;
+        width: min(480px, parent.width - 40px);
+        height: min(520px, parent.height - 40px);
+        background: Theme.bg-primary;
+        border-radius: 12px;
+        border-width: 1px;
+        border-color: Theme.accent-purple;
+        clip: true;
+
+        TouchArea { }
+
+        VerticalLayout {
+            padding: 14px;
+            spacing: 8px;
+
+            // Header
+            HorizontalLayout {
+                
+                Text { text: "Select Key"; color: Theme.fg-primary; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700; vertical-alignment: center; }
+                Rectangle { horizontal-stretch: 1; }
+                Rectangle {
+                    width: 26px; height: 26px; border-radius: 4px;
+                    background: close-ta.has-hover ? Theme.accent-red : Theme.button-bg;
+                    Text { text: "X"; color: Theme.fg-primary; font-size: 13px; horizontal-alignment: center; vertical-alignment: center; }
+                    close-ta := TouchArea { clicked => { KeymapBridge.key-selector-open = false; } mouse-cursor: pointer; }
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Keyboard mode for combo key picking
+            property <bool> keyboard-mode: KeymapBridge.selector-target == "combo-key1" || KeymapBridge.selector-target == "combo-key2";
+
+            if keyboard-mode : Text {
+                text: "Click a key on the keyboard:";
+                color: Theme.fg-secondary;
+                font-size: 12px;
+            }
+
+            if keyboard-mode : Rectangle {
+                vertical-stretch: 1;
+                background: Theme.bg-surface;
+                border-radius: 8px;
+                clip: true;
+
+                property <float> kb-scale-x: self.width / KeymapBridge.content-width;
+                property <float> kb-scale-y: self.height / KeymapBridge.content-height;
+                property <float> kb-scale: min(kb-scale-x, kb-scale-y) * 0.95;
+                property <length> kb-offset-x: (self.width - KeymapBridge.content-width * kb-scale) / 2;
+                property <length> kb-offset-y: (self.height - KeymapBridge.content-height * kb-scale) / 2;
+
+                for keycap[idx] in KeymapBridge.keycaps : KeyButton {
+                    x: parent.kb-offset-x + keycap.x * parent.kb-scale;
+                    y: parent.kb-offset-y + keycap.y * parent.kb-scale;
+                    width: keycap.w * parent.kb-scale;
+                    height: keycap.h * parent.kb-scale;
+                    scale: parent.kb-scale;
+                    data: keycap;
+                    clicked(key-index) => {
+                        KeymapBridge.select-key(key-index);
+                        // The dispatch in main.rs handles combo-key1/combo-key2
+                        KeySelectorBridge.select-keycode(0); // trigger dispatch
+                        KeymapBridge.key-selector-open = false;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Normal mode: search + key grid
+            if !keyboard-mode : LineEdit {
+                placeholder-text: "Search...";
+                text <=> KeySelectorBridge.search-text;
+                edited(text) => { KeySelectorBridge.apply-filter(text); }
+            }
+
+            if !keyboard-mode : ScrollView {
+                vertical-stretch: 1;
+
+                VerticalLayout {
+                    spacing: 6px;
+                    padding-right: 8px;
+
+                    KeySection { title: "Letters"; keys: KeySelectorBridge.cat-letters; picked(c) => { root.pick(c); } }
+                    KeySection { title: "Numbers"; keys: KeySelectorBridge.cat-numbers; picked(c) => { root.pick(c); } }
+                    KeySection { title: "Modifiers"; keys: KeySelectorBridge.cat-modifiers; picked(c) => { root.pick(c); } }
+                    KeySection { title: "Navigation"; keys: KeySelectorBridge.cat-nav; picked(c) => { root.pick(c); } }
+                    KeySection { title: "Function Keys"; keys: KeySelectorBridge.cat-function; picked(c) => { root.pick(c); } }
+                    KeySection { title: "Symbols"; keys: KeySelectorBridge.cat-symbols; picked(c) => { root.pick(c); } }
+                    KeySection { title: "Layers"; keys: KeySelectorBridge.cat-layers; picked(c) => { root.pick(c); } }
+                    KeySection { title: "Special / BT / Media"; keys: KeySelectorBridge.cat-special; picked(c) => { root.pick(c); } }
+                    KeySection { title: "Tap Dance / Macros"; keys: KeySelectorBridge.cat-td-macro; picked(c) => { root.pick(c); } }
+
+                    // Mod-Tap builder
+                    SectionLabel { text: "Mod-Tap"; }
+                    HorizontalLayout {
+                        spacing: 6px;
+                        height: 32px;
+                        Text { text: "Mod:"; color: Theme.fg-secondary; font-size: 11px; vertical-alignment: center; }
+                        mt-mod := ComboBox {
+                            width: 80px;
+                            model: ["Ctrl", "Shift", "Alt", "GUI", "RCtrl", "RShift", "RAlt", "RGUI"];
+                            current-index: 1;
+                        }
+                        Text { text: "Key:"; color: Theme.fg-secondary; font-size: 11px; vertical-alignment: center; }
+                        mt-key := ComboBox {
+                            width: 70px;
+                            model: ["A","B","C","D","E","F","G","H","I","J","K","L","M","N","O","P","Q","R","S","T","U","V","W","X","Y","Z","1","2","3","4","5","6","7","8","9","0","Space","Enter","Esc","Tab","Bksp"];
+                            current-index: 0;
+                        }
+                        Text {
+                            text: "= MT " + mt-mod.current-value + " " + mt-key.current-value;
+                            color: Theme.accent-green;
+                            font-size: 11px;
+                            vertical-alignment: center;
+                        }
+                        Button {
+                            text: "Set";
+                            clicked => {
+                                KeySelectorBridge.apply-mt(mt-mod.current-index, mt-key.current-index);
+                                KeymapBridge.key-selector-open = false;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    // Layer-Tap builder
+                    SectionLabel { text: "Layer-Tap"; }
+                    HorizontalLayout {
+                        spacing: 6px;
+                        height: 32px;
+                        Text { text: "Layer:"; color: Theme.fg-secondary; font-size: 11px; vertical-alignment: center; }
+                        lt-layer := ComboBox {
+                            width: 50px;
+                            model: ["0","1","2","3","4","5","6","7","8","9"];
+                            current-index: 1;
+                        }
+                        Text { text: "Key:"; color: Theme.fg-secondary; font-size: 11px; vertical-alignment: center; }
+                        lt-key := ComboBox {
+                            width: 80px;
+                            model: ["Space","Enter","Esc","Bksp","Tab","A","B","C","D","E"];
+                            current-index: 0;
+                        }
+                        Text {
+                            text: "= LT " + lt-layer.current-value + " " + lt-key.current-value;
+                            color: Theme.accent-green;
+                            font-size: 11px;
+                            vertical-alignment: center;
+                        }
+                        Button {
+                            text: "Set";
+                            clicked => {
+                                KeySelectorBridge.apply-lt(lt-layer.current-index, lt-key.current-index);
+                                KeymapBridge.key-selector-open = false;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    // Hex input
+                    SectionLabel { text: "Hex Code"; }
+                    HorizontalLayout {
+                        spacing: 6px;
+                        height: 32px;
+                        Text { text: "0x"; color: Theme.accent-orange; font-size: 12px; font-weight: 600; vertical-alignment: center; }
+                        hex-edit := LineEdit {
+                            width: 80px;
+                            text <=> KeySelectorBridge.hex-input;
+                            placeholder-text: "5204";
+                            edited(text) => { KeySelectorBridge.preview-hex(text); }
+                            accepted(text) => {
+                                KeySelectorBridge.apply-hex(text);
+                                KeymapBridge.key-selector-open = false;
+                            }
+                        }
+                        Text {
+                            text: KeySelectorBridge.hex-preview != "" ? "= " + KeySelectorBridge.hex-preview : "";
+                            color: Theme.accent-green;
+                            font-size: 11px;
+                            vertical-alignment: center;
+                        }
+                        Button {
+                            text: "Set";
+                            clicked => {
+                                KeySelectorBridge.apply-hex(KeySelectorBridge.hex-input);
+                                KeymapBridge.key-selector-open = false;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    // None
+                    KeyTile {
+                        width: 120px;
+                        label: "None (transparent)";
+                        code: 0;
+                        picked(c) => { root.pick(c); }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ui/components/keyboard_view.slint b/ui/components/keyboard_view.slint
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..17e22e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ui/components/keyboard_view.slint
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+import { Theme } from "../theme.slint";
+import { KeymapBridge, KeycapData } from "../globals.slint";
+import { KeyButton } from "key_button.slint";
+
+export component KeyboardView inherits Rectangle {
+    background: Theme.bg-surface;
+    border-radius: 8px;
+    min-height: 150px;
+    clip: true;
+
+    // Scale to fit: min(available / content) so it always fits
+    property <float> scale-x: self.width / KeymapBridge.content-width;
+    property <float> scale-y: self.height / KeymapBridge.content-height;
+    property <float> scale: min(root.scale-x, root.scale-y) * 0.95;
+    // Center offset
+    property <length> offset-x: (self.width - KeymapBridge.content-width * root.scale) / 2;
+    property <length> offset-y: (self.height - KeymapBridge.content-height * root.scale) / 2;
+
+    for keycap[idx] in KeymapBridge.keycaps : KeyButton {
+        x: root.offset-x + keycap.x * root.scale;
+        y: root.offset-y + keycap.y * root.scale;
+        width: keycap.w * root.scale;
+        height: keycap.h * root.scale;
+        scale: root.scale;
+        data: keycap;
+        clicked(key-index) => {
+            KeymapBridge.select-key(key-index);
+            KeymapBridge.selector-target = "keymap";
+            KeymapBridge.key-selector-open = true;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ui/components/status_bar.slint b/ui/components/status_bar.slint
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fcaaeb1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ui/components/status_bar.slint
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+import { Theme } from "../theme.slint";
+import { AppState } from "../globals.slint";
+
+export component StatusBar inherits Rectangle {
+    height: 32px;
+    background: Theme.bg-secondary;
+
+    HorizontalLayout {
+        padding-left: 12px;
+        padding-right: 12px;
+        spacing: 16px;
+
+        // Status text
+        Text {
+            text: AppState.status-text;
+            color: Theme.fg-secondary;
+            font-size: 12px;
+            vertical-alignment: center;
+        }
+
+        Rectangle { horizontal-stretch: 1; }
+
+        // WPM
+        Text {
+            text: AppState.wpm > 0 ? "WPM: " + AppState.wpm : "";
+            color: Theme.accent-cyan;
+            font-size: 12px;
+            vertical-alignment: center;
+        }
+
+        // Version
+        Text {
+            text: "v0.6.0";
+            color: Theme.fg-secondary;
+            font-size: 11px;
+            vertical-alignment: center;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ui/globals.slint b/ui/globals.slint
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6fbcbbd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ui/globals.slint
@@ -0,0 +1,274 @@
+// Shared data structures
+export struct KeycapData {
+    x: length,
+    y: length,
+    w: length,
+    h: length,
+    rotation: float,
+    rotation-cx: length,
+    rotation-cy: length,
+    label: string,
+    sublabel: string,
+    keycode: int,
+    color: color,
+    heat: float,  // 0.0 = cold, 1.0 = hottest
+    selected: bool,
+    index: int,
+}
+
+export struct LayerInfo {
+    index: int,
+    name: string,
+    active: bool,
+}
+
+export struct PortInfo {
+    name: string,
+    path: string,
+}
+
+export enum ConnectionState { disconnected, connecting, connected }
+export enum ActiveTab { keymap, advanced, macros, stats, settings }
+
+// Global singletons for Rust<->Slint bridge
+export global AppState {
+    in-out property <ConnectionState> connection: ConnectionState.disconnected;
+    in-out property <ActiveTab> active-tab: ActiveTab.keymap;
+    in-out property <string> status-text: "Disconnected";
+    in-out property <bool> spinner-visible: false;
+    in-out property <string> firmware-version: "";
+    in-out property <int> wpm: 0;
+}
+
+export global ConnectionBridge {
+    in property <[PortInfo]> ports;
+    in-out property <string> selected-port: "";
+    callback connect();
+    callback disconnect();
+    callback refresh-ports();
+}
+
+export global KeymapBridge {
+    in property <[KeycapData]> keycaps;
+    in property <[LayerInfo]> layers;
+    in property <length> content-width: 860px;
+    in property <length> content-height: 360px;
+    in-out property <int> selected-key-index: -1;
+    in-out property <int> active-layer: 0;
+    in-out property <string> selected-key-label: "";
+    in-out property <bool> heatmap-enabled: false;
+    in-out property <bool> key-selector-open: false;
+    // Target for key selector: "keymap", "combo-result", "ko-trigger", "ko-result", "leader-result"
+    in-out property <string> selector-target: "keymap";
+    callback select-key(int);
+    callback switch-layer(int);
+    callback change-key(int, int); // key-index, new-keycode
+    callback rename-layer(int, string); // layer-index, new-name
+}
+
+// ---- Settings ----
+
+export global SettingsBridge {
+    in property <[string]> available-layouts;
+    in-out property <int> selected-layout-index: 0;
+    callback change-layout(int);
+}
+
+// ---- Stats ----
+
+export struct HandBalanceData {
+    left-pct: float,
+    right-pct: float,
+    total: int,
+}
+
+export struct FingerLoadData {
+    name: string,
+    pct: float,
+    count: int,
+}
+
+export struct RowUsageData {
+    name: string,
+    pct: float,
+    count: int,
+}
+
+export struct TopKeyData {
+    name: string,
+    finger: string,
+    count: int,
+    pct: float,
+}
+
+export struct BigramData {
+    alt-hand-pct: float,
+    same-hand-pct: float,
+    sfb-pct: float,
+    total: int,
+}
+
+export global StatsBridge {
+    in property <HandBalanceData> hand-balance;
+    in property <[FingerLoadData]> finger-load;
+    in property <[RowUsageData]> row-usage;
+    in property <[TopKeyData]> top-keys;
+    in property <[string]> dead-keys;
+    in property <int> total-presses;
+    in property <BigramData> bigrams;
+    callback refresh-stats();
+}
+
+// ---- Advanced ----
+
+export struct TapDanceData {
+    index: int,
+    actions: [string],
+}
+
+export struct ComboData {
+    index: int,
+    key1: string,
+    key2: string,
+    result: string,
+}
+
+export struct LeaderData {
+    index: int,
+    sequence: string,
+    result: string,
+}
+
+export struct KeyOverrideData {
+    index: int,
+    trigger: string,
+    result: string,
+}
+
+export global AdvancedBridge {
+    in property <[TapDanceData]> tap-dances;
+    in property <[ComboData]> combos;
+    in property <[LeaderData]> leaders;
+    in property <[KeyOverrideData]> key-overrides;
+    in-out property <string> bt-status: "";
+    in-out property <int> tri-l1-idx: 1;
+    in-out property <int> tri-l2-idx: 2;
+    in-out property <int> tri-l3-idx: 3;
+    // Combo creation: physical key positions
+    in-out property <int> new-combo-r1: 0;
+    in-out property <int> new-combo-c1: 0;
+    in-out property <string> new-combo-key1-name: "Pick...";
+    in-out property <int> new-combo-r2: 0;
+    in-out property <int> new-combo-c2: 0;
+    in-out property <string> new-combo-key2-name: "Pick...";
+    in-out property <int> new-combo-result-code: 0;
+    in-out property <string> new-combo-result-name: "Pick...";
+    // KO creation: keycodes for trigger and result
+    in-out property <int> new-ko-trigger-code: 0;
+    in-out property <string> new-ko-trigger-name: "Pick...";
+    in-out property <int> new-ko-trig-mod-idx: 0; // 0=None,1=Ctrl,2=Shift,...
+    in-out property <int> new-ko-result-code: 0;
+    in-out property <string> new-ko-result-name: "Pick...";
+    in-out property <int> new-ko-res-mod-idx: 0;
+    // Leader creation
+    in-out property <int> new-leader-seq0-code: 0;
+    in-out property <string> new-leader-seq0-name: "";
+    in-out property <int> new-leader-seq1-code: 0;
+    in-out property <string> new-leader-seq1-name: "";
+    in-out property <int> new-leader-seq2-code: 0;
+    in-out property <string> new-leader-seq2-name: "";
+    in-out property <int> new-leader-seq3-code: 0;
+    in-out property <string> new-leader-seq3-name: "";
+    in-out property <int> new-leader-seq-count: 0;
+    in-out property <int> new-leader-result-code: 0;
+    in-out property <string> new-leader-result-name: "Pick...";
+    in-out property <int> new-leader-mod-idx: 0;
+    callback refresh-advanced();
+    callback delete-combo(int);
+    callback delete-leader(int);
+    callback delete-ko(int);
+    callback set-trilayer(int, int, int);
+    callback bt-switch(int);
+    callback create-combo(); // reads r1,c1,r2,c2,result from properties
+    callback create-ko(int, int, int, int); // trigger_code, trig_mod_idx, result_code, res_mod_idx
+    callback create-leader(int, int); // result_code, result_mod_idx (sequence comes from seq0-3 properties)
+    // TAMA
+    in property <string> tama-status: "";
+    callback tama-action(string); // "feed", "play", "sleep", "meds", "toggle"
+    // Autoshift
+    in property <string> autoshift-status: "";
+    callback toggle-autoshift();
+}
+
+// ---- Macros ----
+
+export struct MacroData {
+    slot: int,
+    name: string,
+    steps: string,
+}
+
+export struct MacroStepDisplay {
+    label: string,  // e.g. "A", "T 100ms"
+    is-delay: bool,
+}
+
+export global MacroBridge {
+    in property <[MacroData]> macros;
+    in-out property <int> new-slot-idx: 0;
+    in-out property <string> new-name: "";
+    // Visual step builder
+    in property <[MacroStepDisplay]> new-steps;
+    in-out property <string> new-steps-text: ""; // built text for display
+    callback refresh-macros();
+    callback save-macro();    // reads slot, name, steps from properties
+    callback delete-macro(int);
+    callback add-delay-step(int); // delay in ms (50, 100, 200, 500)
+    callback remove-last-step();
+    callback clear-steps();
+}
+
+// ---- OTA / Flasher ----
+
+export global FlasherBridge {
+    in property <[string]> prog-ports;
+    in-out property <string> selected-prog-port: "";
+    in-out property <string> firmware-path: "";
+    in-out property <int> flash-offset-index: 0; // 0=factory(0x20000), 1=ota_0(0x220000)
+    in property <float> flash-progress: 0;
+    in property <string> flash-status: "";
+    in property <bool> flashing: false;
+    callback refresh-prog-ports();
+    callback browse-firmware();
+    callback flash();
+}
+
+// ---- Key Selector ----
+
+export struct KeyEntry {
+    name: string,
+    code: int,
+    category: string,
+}
+
+export global KeySelectorBridge {
+    in property <[KeyEntry]> all-keys;
+    in property <[KeyEntry]> cat-letters;
+    in property <[KeyEntry]> cat-numbers;
+    in property <[KeyEntry]> cat-modifiers;
+    in property <[KeyEntry]> cat-nav;
+    in property <[KeyEntry]> cat-function;
+    in property <[KeyEntry]> cat-symbols;
+    in property <[KeyEntry]> cat-layers;
+    in property <[KeyEntry]> cat-special;
+    in property <[KeyEntry]> cat-td-macro;
+    in-out property <string> search-text: "";
+    in-out property <string> hex-input: "";
+    in property <string> hex-preview: "";
+    callback apply-filter(string);
+    callback select-keycode(int);
+    callback apply-hex(string);
+    callback apply-mt(int, int);
+    callback apply-lt(int, int);
+    callback preview-hex(string);  // updates hex-preview
+}
diff --git a/ui/main.slint b/ui/main.slint
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3081653
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ui/main.slint
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+import { TabWidget } from "std-widgets.slint";
+import { Theme } from "theme.slint";
+import { AppState, ActiveTab } from "globals.slint";
+import { ConnectionBar } from "components/connection_bar.slint";
+import { StatusBar } from "components/status_bar.slint";
+import { KeySelector } from "components/key_selector.slint";
+import { TabKeymap } from "tabs/tab_keymap.slint";
+import { TabAdvanced } from "tabs/tab_advanced.slint";
+import { TabMacros } from "tabs/tab_macros.slint";
+import { TabStats } from "tabs/tab_stats.slint";
+import { TabSettings } from "tabs/tab_settings.slint";
+import { TabFlasher } from "tabs/tab_flasher.slint";
+
+export { AppState, Theme }
+export { ConnectionBridge, KeymapBridge, SettingsBridge, StatsBridge, AdvancedBridge, MacroBridge, FlasherBridge, KeySelectorBridge } from "globals.slint";
+
+export component MainWindow inherits Window {
+    title: "KaSe Controller";
+    preferred-width: 1000px;
+    preferred-height: 700px;
+    min-width: 600px;
+    min-height: 450px;
+    background: Theme.bg-primary;
+
+    VerticalLayout {
+        ConnectionBar { }
+
+        TabWidget {
+            vertical-stretch: 1;
+
+            Tab {
+                title: "Keymap";
+                TabKeymap { }
+            }
+            Tab {
+                title: "Advanced";
+                TabAdvanced { }
+            }
+            Tab {
+                title: "Macros";
+                TabMacros { }
+            }
+            Tab {
+                title: "Stats";
+                TabStats { }
+            }
+            Tab {
+                title: "Settings";
+                TabSettings { }
+            }
+            Tab {
+                title: "Flash";
+                TabFlasher { }
+            }
+        }
+
+        StatusBar { }
+    }
+
+    // Modal overlay (above everything)
+    KeySelector { }
+}
diff --git a/ui/tabs/tab_advanced.slint b/ui/tabs/tab_advanced.slint
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..add0d20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ui/tabs/tab_advanced.slint
@@ -0,0 +1,347 @@
+import { Button, ComboBox, ScrollView } from "std-widgets.slint";
+import { Theme } from "../theme.slint";
+import { AdvancedBridge, AppState, ConnectionState, KeymapBridge } from "../globals.slint";
+
+component SectionHeader inherits Text {
+    color: Theme.accent-cyan;
+    font-size: 14px;
+    font-weight: 600;
+}
+
+component ItemRow inherits Rectangle {
+    in property <string> prefix;
+    in property <string> left;
+    in property <string> right;
+    callback delete();
+    background: Theme.bg-primary;
+    border-radius: 4px;
+    height: 30px;
+
+    HorizontalLayout {
+        padding-left: 8px;
+        padding-right: 8px;
+        spacing: 6px;
+        Text { text: root.prefix; color: Theme.accent-purple; font-size: 11px; vertical-alignment: center; width: 35px; }
+        Text { text: root.left; color: Theme.fg-primary; font-size: 11px; vertical-alignment: center; horizontal-stretch: 1; }
+        Text { text: "->"; color: Theme.fg-secondary; font-size: 11px; vertical-alignment: center; }
+        Text { text: root.right; color: Theme.accent-green; font-size: 11px; vertical-alignment: center; }
+        Button { text: "Del"; clicked => { root.delete(); } }
+    }
+}
+
+component PickButton inherits Rectangle {
+    in property <string> label: "Pick...";
+    in property <string> target;
+    width: 100px;
+    height: 28px;
+    border-radius: 4px;
+    background: pick-ta.has-hover ? Theme.button-hover : Theme.button-bg;
+    Text { text: root.label; color: Theme.fg-primary; font-size: 11px; horizontal-alignment: center; vertical-alignment: center; }
+    pick-ta := TouchArea {
+        clicked => { KeymapBridge.selector-target = root.target; KeymapBridge.key-selector-open = true; }
+        mouse-cursor: pointer;
+    }
+}
+
+component ModComboBox inherits ComboBox {
+    model: ["None", "Ctrl", "Shift", "Alt", "GUI", "RCtrl", "RShift", "RAlt", "RGUI"];
+    width: 90px;
+}
+
+export component TabAdvanced inherits Rectangle {
+    background: Theme.bg-primary;
+
+    ScrollView {
+    VerticalLayout {
+        padding: 16px;
+        spacing: 12px;
+
+        // Header
+        HorizontalLayout {
+            spacing: 8px;
+            Text { text: "Advanced Features"; color: Theme.fg-primary; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 700; vertical-alignment: center; }
+            Rectangle { horizontal-stretch: 1; }
+            Button {
+                text: "Refresh All";
+                enabled: AppState.connection == ConnectionState.connected;
+                clicked => { AdvancedBridge.refresh-advanced(); }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Two columns
+        HorizontalLayout {
+            spacing: 12px;
+
+            // ==================== Left column ====================
+            VerticalLayout {
+                horizontal-stretch: 1;
+                spacing: 12px;
+
+                // --- Tap Dance ---
+                Rectangle {
+                    background: Theme.bg-secondary;
+                    border-radius: 8px;
+                    VerticalLayout {
+                        padding: 12px;
+                        spacing: 4px;
+                        SectionHeader { text: "Tap Dance"; }
+                        if AdvancedBridge.tap-dances.length == 0 : Text { text: "No tap dances"; color: Theme.fg-secondary; font-size: 11px; }
+                        for td in AdvancedBridge.tap-dances : Rectangle {
+                            background: Theme.bg-primary;
+                            border-radius: 4px;
+                            height: 30px;
+                            HorizontalLayout {
+                                padding-left: 8px; padding-right: 8px; spacing: 8px;
+                                Text { text: "TD" + td.index; color: Theme.accent-purple; font-size: 11px; vertical-alignment: center; width: 35px; }
+                                for action in td.actions : Text { text: action; color: Theme.fg-primary; font-size: 11px; vertical-alignment: center; }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // --- Key Overrides ---
+                Rectangle {
+                    background: Theme.bg-secondary;
+                    border-radius: 8px;
+                    VerticalLayout {
+                        padding: 12px;
+                        spacing: 4px;
+                        SectionHeader { text: "Key Overrides"; }
+                        if AdvancedBridge.key-overrides.length == 0 : Text { text: "No key overrides"; color: Theme.fg-secondary; font-size: 11px; }
+                        for ko in AdvancedBridge.key-overrides : ItemRow {
+                            prefix: "KO" + ko.index;
+                            left: ko.trigger;
+                            right: ko.result;
+                            delete => { AdvancedBridge.delete-ko(ko.index); }
+                        }
+
+                        // --- Add KO ---
+                        Rectangle {
+                            background: Theme.bg-primary;
+                            border-radius: 4px;
+                            VerticalLayout {
+                                padding: 10px;
+                                spacing: 8px;
+                                Text { text: "Add Key Override"; color: Theme.fg-secondary; font-size: 12px; font-weight: 600; }
+                                HorizontalLayout {
+                                    spacing: 8px;
+                                    alignment: start;
+                                    Text { text: "Trigger:"; color: Theme.fg-secondary; font-size: 11px; vertical-alignment: center; }
+                                    PickButton { label: AdvancedBridge.new-ko-trigger-name; target: "ko-trigger"; }
+                                    Text { text: "Mod:"; color: Theme.fg-secondary; font-size: 11px; vertical-alignment: center; }
+                                    ModComboBox { current-index <=> AdvancedBridge.new-ko-trig-mod-idx; }
+                                }
+                                HorizontalLayout {
+                                    spacing: 8px;
+                                    alignment: start;
+                                    Text { text: "Result:"; color: Theme.fg-secondary; font-size: 11px; vertical-alignment: center; }
+                                    PickButton { label: AdvancedBridge.new-ko-result-name; target: "ko-result"; }
+                                    Text { text: "Mod:"; color: Theme.fg-secondary; font-size: 11px; vertical-alignment: center; }
+                                    ModComboBox { current-index <=> AdvancedBridge.new-ko-res-mod-idx; }
+                                }
+                                Button {
+                                    text: "Add Key Override";
+                                    clicked => { AdvancedBridge.create-ko(AdvancedBridge.new-ko-trigger-code, AdvancedBridge.new-ko-trig-mod-idx, AdvancedBridge.new-ko-result-code, AdvancedBridge.new-ko-res-mod-idx); }
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // --- Autoshift ---
+                Rectangle {
+                    background: Theme.bg-secondary;
+                    border-radius: 8px;
+                    VerticalLayout {
+                        padding: 12px;
+                        spacing: 6px;
+                        SectionHeader { text: "Autoshift"; }
+                        HorizontalLayout {
+                            spacing: 8px;
+                            Text { text: AdvancedBridge.autoshift-status != "" ? AdvancedBridge.autoshift-status : "Unknown"; color: Theme.fg-primary; font-size: 11px; vertical-alignment: center; }
+                            Button { text: "Toggle"; clicked => { AdvancedBridge.toggle-autoshift(); } }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            // ==================== Right column ====================
+            VerticalLayout {
+                horizontal-stretch: 1;
+                spacing: 12px;
+
+                // --- Combos ---
+                Rectangle {
+                    background: Theme.bg-secondary;
+                    border-radius: 8px;
+                    VerticalLayout {
+                        padding: 12px;
+                        spacing: 4px;
+                        SectionHeader { text: "Combos"; }
+                        if AdvancedBridge.combos.length == 0 : Text { text: "No combos"; color: Theme.fg-secondary; font-size: 11px; }
+                        for combo in AdvancedBridge.combos : ItemRow {
+                            prefix: "#" + combo.index;
+                            left: combo.key1 + " + " + combo.key2;
+                            right: combo.result;
+                            delete => { AdvancedBridge.delete-combo(combo.index); }
+                        }
+
+                        // --- Add Combo ---
+                        Rectangle {
+                            background: Theme.bg-primary;
+                            border-radius: 4px;
+                            VerticalLayout {
+                                padding: 10px;
+                                spacing: 8px;
+                                Text { text: "Add Combo"; color: Theme.fg-secondary; font-size: 12px; font-weight: 600; }
+                                HorizontalLayout {
+                                    spacing: 8px;
+                                    alignment: start;
+                                    Text { text: "Key 1:"; color: Theme.fg-secondary; font-size: 11px; vertical-alignment: center; }
+                                    PickButton { label: AdvancedBridge.new-combo-key1-name; target: "combo-key1"; }
+                                    Text { text: "Key 2:"; color: Theme.fg-secondary; font-size: 11px; vertical-alignment: center; }
+                                    PickButton { label: AdvancedBridge.new-combo-key2-name; target: "combo-key2"; }
+                                }
+                                HorizontalLayout {
+                                    spacing: 8px;
+                                    alignment: start;
+                                    Text { text: "Result:"; color: Theme.fg-secondary; font-size: 11px; vertical-alignment: center; }
+                                    PickButton { label: AdvancedBridge.new-combo-result-name; target: "combo-result"; }
+                                    Button {
+                                        text: "Add Combo";
+                                        clicked => { AdvancedBridge.create-combo(); }
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // --- Leader Keys ---
+                Rectangle {
+                    background: Theme.bg-secondary;
+                    border-radius: 8px;
+                    VerticalLayout {
+                        padding: 12px;
+                        spacing: 4px;
+                        SectionHeader { text: "Leader Keys"; }
+                        if AdvancedBridge.leaders.length == 0 : Text { text: "No leader keys"; color: Theme.fg-secondary; font-size: 11px; }
+                        for leader in AdvancedBridge.leaders : ItemRow {
+                            prefix: "#" + leader.index;
+                            left: leader.sequence;
+                            right: leader.result;
+                            delete => { AdvancedBridge.delete-leader(leader.index); }
+                        }
+
+                        // --- Add Leader ---
+                        Rectangle {
+                            background: Theme.bg-primary;
+                            border-radius: 4px;
+                            VerticalLayout {
+                                padding: 10px;
+                                spacing: 8px;
+                                Text { text: "Add Leader Key"; color: Theme.fg-secondary; font-size: 12px; font-weight: 600; }
+
+                                // Sequence: show picked keys + Add button
+                                HorizontalLayout {
+                                    spacing: 6px;
+                                    alignment: start;
+                                    Text { text: "Sequence:"; color: Theme.fg-secondary; font-size: 11px; vertical-alignment: center; }
+                                    if AdvancedBridge.new-leader-seq0-name != "" : Rectangle {
+                                        width: 60px; height: 26px; border-radius: 3px; background: Theme.button-bg;
+                                        Text { text: AdvancedBridge.new-leader-seq0-name; color: Theme.fg-primary; font-size: 10px; horizontal-alignment: center; vertical-alignment: center; }
+                                    }
+                                    if AdvancedBridge.new-leader-seq1-name != "" : Rectangle {
+                                        width: 60px; height: 26px; border-radius: 3px; background: Theme.button-bg;
+                                        Text { text: AdvancedBridge.new-leader-seq1-name; color: Theme.fg-primary; font-size: 10px; horizontal-alignment: center; vertical-alignment: center; }
+                                    }
+                                    if AdvancedBridge.new-leader-seq2-name != "" : Rectangle {
+                                        width: 60px; height: 26px; border-radius: 3px; background: Theme.button-bg;
+                                        Text { text: AdvancedBridge.new-leader-seq2-name; color: Theme.fg-primary; font-size: 10px; horizontal-alignment: center; vertical-alignment: center; }
+                                    }
+                                    if AdvancedBridge.new-leader-seq3-name != "" : Rectangle {
+                                        width: 60px; height: 26px; border-radius: 3px; background: Theme.button-bg;
+                                        Text { text: AdvancedBridge.new-leader-seq3-name; color: Theme.fg-primary; font-size: 10px; horizontal-alignment: center; vertical-alignment: center; }
+                                    }
+                                    if AdvancedBridge.new-leader-seq-count < 4 : PickButton {
+                                        width: 40px;
+                                        label: "+";
+                                        target: "leader-seq";
+                                    }
+                                }
+
+                                HorizontalLayout {
+                                    spacing: 8px;
+                                    alignment: start;
+                                    Text { text: "Result:"; color: Theme.fg-secondary; font-size: 11px; vertical-alignment: center; }
+                                    PickButton { label: AdvancedBridge.new-leader-result-name; target: "leader-result"; }
+                                    Text { text: "Mod:"; color: Theme.fg-secondary; font-size: 11px; vertical-alignment: center; }
+                                    ModComboBox { current-index <=> AdvancedBridge.new-leader-mod-idx; }
+                                }
+                                Button {
+                                    text: "Add Leader Key";
+                                    clicked => { AdvancedBridge.create-leader(AdvancedBridge.new-leader-result-code, AdvancedBridge.new-leader-mod-idx); }
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // --- Tri-Layer ---
+                Rectangle {
+                    background: Theme.bg-secondary;
+                    border-radius: 8px;
+                    VerticalLayout {
+                        padding: 12px;
+                        spacing: 8px;
+                        SectionHeader { text: "Tri-Layer"; }
+                        HorizontalLayout {
+                            spacing: 8px;
+                            alignment: start;
+                            Text { text: "L1:"; color: Theme.fg-secondary; font-size: 12px; vertical-alignment: center; }
+                            ComboBox { width: 50px; model: ["0","1","2","3","4","5","6","7","8","9"]; current-index <=> AdvancedBridge.tri-l1-idx; }
+                            Text { text: "L2:"; color: Theme.fg-secondary; font-size: 12px; vertical-alignment: center; }
+                            ComboBox { width: 50px; model: ["0","1","2","3","4","5","6","7","8","9"]; current-index <=> AdvancedBridge.tri-l2-idx; }
+                            Text { text: "-> L3:"; color: Theme.fg-secondary; font-size: 12px; vertical-alignment: center; }
+                            ComboBox { width: 50px; model: ["0","1","2","3","4","5","6","7","8","9"]; current-index <=> AdvancedBridge.tri-l3-idx; }
+                            Button { text: "Set"; clicked => { AdvancedBridge.set-trilayer(AdvancedBridge.tri-l1-idx, AdvancedBridge.tri-l2-idx, AdvancedBridge.tri-l3-idx); } }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // --- BT ---
+                if AdvancedBridge.bt-status != "" : Rectangle {
+                    background: Theme.bg-secondary;
+                    border-radius: 8px;
+                    VerticalLayout {
+                        padding: 12px;
+                        spacing: 4px;
+                        SectionHeader { text: "Bluetooth"; }
+                        Text { text: AdvancedBridge.bt-status; color: Theme.fg-primary; font-size: 11px; }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // --- TAMA ---
+                if AdvancedBridge.tama-status != "" : Rectangle {
+                    background: Theme.bg-secondary;
+                    border-radius: 8px;
+                    VerticalLayout {
+                        padding: 12px;
+                        spacing: 6px;
+                        SectionHeader { text: "Tamagotchi"; }
+                        Text { text: AdvancedBridge.tama-status; color: Theme.fg-primary; font-size: 11px; wrap: word-wrap; }
+                        HorizontalLayout {
+                            spacing: 4px;
+                            Button { text: "Feed"; clicked => { AdvancedBridge.tama-action("feed"); } }
+                            Button { text: "Play"; clicked => { AdvancedBridge.tama-action("play"); } }
+                            Button { text: "Sleep"; clicked => { AdvancedBridge.tama-action("sleep"); } }
+                            Button { text: "Meds"; clicked => { AdvancedBridge.tama-action("meds"); } }
+                            Button { text: "On/Off"; clicked => { AdvancedBridge.tama-action("toggle"); } }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ui/tabs/tab_flasher.slint b/ui/tabs/tab_flasher.slint
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..db74107
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ui/tabs/tab_flasher.slint
@@ -0,0 +1,215 @@
+import { Button, ComboBox, LineEdit } from "std-widgets.slint";
+import { Theme } from "../theme.slint";
+import { FlasherBridge } from "../globals.slint";
+
+export component TabFlasher inherits Rectangle {
+    background: Theme.bg-primary;
+
+    VerticalLayout {
+        padding: 20px;
+        spacing: 16px;
+        alignment: start;
+
+        Text {
+            text: "Firmware Flasher";
+            color: Theme.fg-primary;
+            font-size: 20px;
+            font-weight: 700;
+        }
+
+        Text {
+            text: "Flash firmware via ESP32 programming port (CH340/CP2102).";
+            color: Theme.fg-secondary;
+            font-size: 12px;
+            wrap: word-wrap;
+        }
+
+        // Port selection
+        Rectangle {
+            background: Theme.bg-secondary;
+            border-radius: 8px;
+
+            VerticalLayout {
+                padding: 16px;
+                spacing: 10px;
+
+                Text {
+                    text: "Programming Port (CH340/CP210x only)";
+                    color: Theme.accent-cyan;
+                    font-size: 14px;
+                    font-weight: 600;
+                }
+
+                HorizontalLayout {
+                    spacing: 8px;
+
+                    if FlasherBridge.prog-ports.length > 0 : ComboBox {
+                        horizontal-stretch: 1;
+                        model: FlasherBridge.prog-ports;
+                        selected(value) => {
+                            FlasherBridge.selected-prog-port = value;
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    if FlasherBridge.prog-ports.length == 0 : LineEdit {
+                        horizontal-stretch: 1;
+                        text <=> FlasherBridge.selected-prog-port;
+                        placeholder-text: "/dev/ttyUSB0";
+                    }
+
+                    Button {
+                        text: "Refresh";
+                        clicked => { FlasherBridge.refresh-prog-ports(); }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if FlasherBridge.prog-ports.length == 0 : Text {
+                    text: "No CH340/CP210x port detected. Enter path manually or plug in the programming cable.";
+                    color: Theme.accent-yellow;
+                    font-size: 11px;
+                    wrap: word-wrap;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Flash target partition
+        Rectangle {
+            background: Theme.bg-secondary;
+            border-radius: 8px;
+
+            VerticalLayout {
+                padding: 16px;
+                spacing: 10px;
+
+                Text {
+                    text: "Target Partition";
+                    color: Theme.accent-cyan;
+                    font-size: 14px;
+                    font-weight: 600;
+                }
+
+                ComboBox {
+                    model: ["factory (0x20000)", "ota_0 (0x220000)"];
+                    current-index <=> FlasherBridge.flash-offset-index;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Firmware file
+        Rectangle {
+            background: Theme.bg-secondary;
+            border-radius: 8px;
+
+            VerticalLayout {
+                padding: 16px;
+                spacing: 10px;
+
+                Text {
+                    text: "Firmware File";
+                    color: Theme.accent-cyan;
+                    font-size: 14px;
+                    font-weight: 600;
+                }
+
+                HorizontalLayout {
+                    spacing: 8px;
+
+                    Text {
+                        horizontal-stretch: 1;
+                        text: FlasherBridge.firmware-path != "" ? FlasherBridge.firmware-path : "No file selected";
+                        color: FlasherBridge.firmware-path != "" ? Theme.fg-primary : Theme.fg-secondary;
+                        font-size: 12px;
+                        vertical-alignment: center;
+                        overflow: elide;
+                    }
+
+                    Button {
+                        text: "Browse...";
+                        clicked => { FlasherBridge.browse-firmware(); }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Flash button + progress
+        Rectangle {
+            background: Theme.bg-secondary;
+            border-radius: 8px;
+
+            VerticalLayout {
+                padding: 16px;
+                spacing: 10px;
+
+                HorizontalLayout {
+                    spacing: 12px;
+
+                    Button {
+                        text: FlasherBridge.flashing ? "Flashing..." : "Flash Firmware";
+                        enabled: !FlasherBridge.flashing
+                            && FlasherBridge.firmware-path != ""
+                            && FlasherBridge.selected-prog-port != "";
+                        clicked => { FlasherBridge.flash(); }
+                    }
+
+                    Text {
+                        text: FlasherBridge.flash-status;
+                        color: Theme.fg-primary;
+                        font-size: 12px;
+                        vertical-alignment: center;
+                        horizontal-stretch: 1;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if FlasherBridge.flashing || FlasherBridge.flash-progress > 0 : Rectangle {
+                    height: 20px;
+                    background: Theme.bg-primary;
+                    border-radius: 4px;
+
+                    Rectangle {
+                        x: 0;
+                        width: parent.width * clamp(FlasherBridge.flash-progress, 0, 1);
+                        height: 100%;
+                        background: FlasherBridge.flash-progress >= 1.0 ? Theme.accent-green : Theme.accent-purple;
+                        border-radius: 4px;
+                    }
+
+                    Text {
+                        text: round(FlasherBridge.flash-progress * 100) + "%";
+                        color: Theme.fg-primary;
+                        font-size: 11px;
+                        horizontal-alignment: center;
+                        vertical-alignment: center;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Warning
+        Rectangle {
+            background: #ff555520;
+            border-radius: 8px;
+            border-width: 1px;
+            border-color: Theme.accent-red;
+
+            VerticalLayout {
+                padding: 12px;
+                spacing: 4px;
+
+                Text {
+                    text: "Warning";
+                    color: Theme.accent-red;
+                    font-size: 13px;
+                    font-weight: 600;
+                }
+                Text {
+                    text: "Do not disconnect the keyboard during flashing. The device will reboot automatically when done.";
+                    color: Theme.fg-secondary;
+                    font-size: 11px;
+                    wrap: word-wrap;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        Rectangle { vertical-stretch: 1; }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ui/tabs/tab_keymap.slint b/ui/tabs/tab_keymap.slint
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c8576ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ui/tabs/tab_keymap.slint
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+import { Button, LineEdit } from "std-widgets.slint";
+import { Theme } from "../theme.slint";
+import { KeymapBridge, AppState, ConnectionState } from "../globals.slint";
+import { KeyboardView } from "../components/keyboard_view.slint";
+
+export component TabKeymap inherits VerticalLayout {
+    in-out property <bool> renaming: false;
+
+    padding: 8px;
+    spacing: 6px;
+
+    // Main area: layers sidebar + keyboard
+    HorizontalLayout {
+        vertical-stretch: 1;
+        spacing: 6px;
+
+        // Layer sidebar (vertical)
+        VerticalLayout {
+            width: 90px;
+            spacing: 4px;
+            alignment: start;
+
+            Text {
+                text: "Layers";
+                color: Theme.fg-secondary;
+                font-size: 11px;
+                horizontal-alignment: center;
+            }
+
+            for layer[idx] in KeymapBridge.layers : Rectangle {
+                height: 30px;
+                border-radius: 4px;
+                background: layer.active ? Theme.accent-purple : Theme.button-bg;
+
+                Text {
+                    text: layer.name;
+                    color: Theme.fg-primary;
+                    font-size: 11px;
+                    horizontal-alignment: center;
+                    vertical-alignment: center;
+                }
+
+                TouchArea {
+                    clicked => { KeymapBridge.switch-layer(layer.index); }
+                    mouse-cursor: pointer;
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Rename
+            if root.renaming : VerticalLayout {
+                spacing: 4px;
+                rename-input := LineEdit {
+                    placeholder-text: "New name";
+                    accepted(text) => {
+                        KeymapBridge.rename-layer(KeymapBridge.active-layer, text);
+                        root.renaming = false;
+                    }
+                }
+                Button {
+                    text: "Cancel";
+                    clicked => { root.renaming = false; }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if !root.renaming && AppState.connection == ConnectionState.connected : Rectangle {
+                height: 24px;
+                border-radius: 4px;
+                background: rename-ta.has-hover ? Theme.button-hover : Theme.button-bg;
+
+                Text {
+                    text: "Rename";
+                    color: Theme.fg-secondary;
+                    font-size: 10px;
+                    horizontal-alignment: center;
+                    vertical-alignment: center;
+                }
+
+                rename-ta := TouchArea {
+                    clicked => { root.renaming = true; }
+                    mouse-cursor: pointer;
+                }
+            }
+
+            Rectangle { vertical-stretch: 1; }
+
+            // Heatmap toggle
+            Rectangle {
+                height: 30px;
+                border-radius: 4px;
+                background: KeymapBridge.heatmap-enabled ? Theme.accent-orange : Theme.button-bg;
+
+                Text {
+                    text: "Heatmap";
+                    color: Theme.fg-primary;
+                    font-size: 11px;
+                    horizontal-alignment: center;
+                    vertical-alignment: center;
+                }
+
+                TouchArea {
+                    clicked => { KeymapBridge.heatmap-enabled = !KeymapBridge.heatmap-enabled; }
+                    mouse-cursor: pointer;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Keyboard view
+        KeyboardView {
+            horizontal-stretch: 1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Selected key info bar
+    if KeymapBridge.selected-key-index >= 0 : Rectangle {
+        height: 36px;
+        background: Theme.bg-secondary;
+        border-radius: 4px;
+
+        HorizontalLayout {
+            padding: 8px;
+            spacing: 12px;
+
+            Text {
+                text: "Selected: " + KeymapBridge.selected-key-label;
+                color: Theme.accent-cyan;
+                font-size: 12px;
+                vertical-alignment: center;
+            }
+
+            Rectangle { horizontal-stretch: 1; }
+
+            Button {
+                text: "Change Key...";
+                clicked => {
+                    KeymapBridge.key-selector-open = true;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ui/tabs/tab_macros.slint b/ui/tabs/tab_macros.slint
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..50901a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ui/tabs/tab_macros.slint
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+import { Button, ComboBox, ScrollView, LineEdit } from "std-widgets.slint";
+import { Theme } from "../theme.slint";
+import { MacroBridge, AppState, ConnectionState, KeymapBridge } from "../globals.slint";
+
+export component TabMacros inherits Rectangle {
+    background: Theme.bg-primary;
+
+    VerticalLayout {
+        padding: 16px;
+        spacing: 12px;
+
+        // Header
+        HorizontalLayout {
+            spacing: 8px;
+            Text { text: "Macros"; color: Theme.fg-primary; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 700; vertical-alignment: center; }
+            Rectangle { horizontal-stretch: 1; }
+            Button {
+                text: "Refresh";
+                enabled: AppState.connection == ConnectionState.connected;
+                clicked => { MacroBridge.refresh-macros(); }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // New macro builder
+        Rectangle {
+            background: Theme.bg-secondary;
+            border-radius: 8px;
+
+            VerticalLayout {
+                padding: 12px;
+                spacing: 10px;
+
+                Text { text: "Add / Edit Macro"; color: Theme.accent-cyan; font-size: 13px; font-weight: 600; }
+
+                HorizontalLayout {
+                    spacing: 8px;
+                    alignment: start;
+
+                    Text { text: "Slot:"; color: Theme.fg-secondary; font-size: 12px; vertical-alignment: center; }
+                    ComboBox {
+                        width: 60px;
+                        model: ["0","1","2","3","4","5","6","7","8","9"];
+                        current-index <=> MacroBridge.new-slot-idx;
+                    }
+                    Text { text: "Name:"; color: Theme.fg-secondary; font-size: 12px; vertical-alignment: center; }
+                    LineEdit {
+                        horizontal-stretch: 1;
+                        text <=> MacroBridge.new-name;
+                        placeholder-text: "macro name";
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Steps display
+                Text { text: "Steps:"; color: Theme.fg-secondary; font-size: 12px; }
+
+                // Show added steps as tags
+                HorizontalLayout {
+                    spacing: 4px;
+                    height: 30px;
+
+                    for step in MacroBridge.new-steps : Rectangle {
+                        width: self.preferred-width + 12px;
+                        preferred-width: step-text.preferred-width;
+                        height: 26px;
+                        border-radius: 4px;
+                        background: step.is-delay ? Theme.accent-orange : Theme.accent-purple;
+
+                        step-text := Text {
+                            text: step.label;
+                            color: Theme.fg-primary;
+                            font-size: 10px;
+                            horizontal-alignment: center;
+                            vertical-alignment: center;
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    if MacroBridge.new-steps.length == 0 : Text {
+                        text: "(empty - add keys and delays below)";
+                        color: Theme.fg-secondary;
+                        font-size: 11px;
+                        vertical-alignment: center;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Action buttons
+                HorizontalLayout {
+                    spacing: 6px;
+                    alignment: start;
+
+                    Button {
+                        text: "Add Key";
+                        clicked => {
+                            KeymapBridge.selector-target = "macro-step";
+                            KeymapBridge.key-selector-open = true;
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    Button { text: "T 50ms"; clicked => { MacroBridge.add-delay-step(50); } }
+                    Button { text: "T 100ms"; clicked => { MacroBridge.add-delay-step(100); } }
+                    Button { text: "T 200ms"; clicked => { MacroBridge.add-delay-step(200); } }
+
+                    Rectangle { horizontal-stretch: 1; }
+
+                    Button { text: "Undo"; clicked => { MacroBridge.remove-last-step(); } }
+                    Button { text: "Clear"; clicked => { MacroBridge.clear-steps(); } }
+                }
+
+                // Save
+                HorizontalLayout {
+                    spacing: 8px;
+                    alignment: start;
+
+                    Button {
+                        text: "Save Macro";
+                        enabled: AppState.connection == ConnectionState.connected;
+                        clicked => { MacroBridge.save-macro(); }
+                    }
+
+                    if MacroBridge.new-steps-text != "" : Text {
+                        text: MacroBridge.new-steps-text;
+                        color: Theme.fg-secondary;
+                        font-size: 10px;
+                        vertical-alignment: center;
+                        overflow: elide;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Macro list
+        ScrollView {
+            vertical-stretch: 1;
+
+            VerticalLayout {
+                spacing: 4px;
+
+                if MacroBridge.macros.length == 0 : Text {
+                    text: "No macros configured";
+                    color: Theme.fg-secondary;
+                    font-size: 11px;
+                }
+
+                for macro in MacroBridge.macros : Rectangle {
+                    background: Theme.bg-secondary;
+                    border-radius: 4px;
+                    height: 36px;
+
+                    HorizontalLayout {
+                        padding-left: 8px;
+                        padding-right: 8px;
+                        spacing: 8px;
+
+                        Text { text: "#" + macro.slot; color: Theme.accent-purple; font-size: 12px; vertical-alignment: center; width: 30px; }
+                        Text { text: macro.name; color: Theme.fg-primary; font-size: 12px; font-weight: 600; vertical-alignment: center; width: 100px; }
+                        Text { text: macro.steps; color: Theme.fg-secondary; font-size: 10px; vertical-alignment: center; horizontal-stretch: 1; overflow: elide; }
+                        Button { text: "Del"; clicked => { MacroBridge.delete-macro(macro.slot); } }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ui/tabs/tab_settings.slint b/ui/tabs/tab_settings.slint
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4bbcbef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ui/tabs/tab_settings.slint
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+import { ComboBox } from "std-widgets.slint";
+import { Theme } from "../theme.slint";
+import { SettingsBridge } from "../globals.slint";
+
+export component TabSettings inherits Rectangle {
+    background: Theme.bg-primary;
+
+    VerticalLayout {
+        padding: 20px;
+        spacing: 16px;
+        alignment: start;
+
+        Text {
+            text: "Settings";
+            color: Theme.fg-primary;
+            font-size: 20px;
+            font-weight: 700;
+        }
+
+        // Keyboard layout section
+        Rectangle {
+            background: Theme.bg-secondary;
+            border-radius: 8px;
+            height: 80px;
+
+            HorizontalLayout {
+                padding: 16px;
+                spacing: 12px;
+                alignment: start;
+
+                VerticalLayout {
+                    alignment: center;
+                    Text {
+                        text: "Keyboard Layout";
+                        color: Theme.fg-primary;
+                        font-size: 14px;
+                    }
+                    Text {
+                        text: "Controls how keycodes are displayed (label remapping)";
+                        color: Theme.fg-secondary;
+                        font-size: 11px;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                Rectangle { horizontal-stretch: 1; }
+
+                VerticalLayout {
+                    alignment: center;
+                    ComboBox {
+                        width: 200px;
+                        model: SettingsBridge.available-layouts;
+                        current-index <=> SettingsBridge.selected-layout-index;
+                        selected(value) => {
+                            SettingsBridge.change-layout(self.current-index);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // About section
+        Rectangle {
+            background: Theme.bg-secondary;
+            border-radius: 8px;
+
+            VerticalLayout {
+                padding: 16px;
+                spacing: 8px;
+
+                Text {
+                    text: "About";
+                    color: Theme.fg-primary;
+                    font-size: 14px;
+                    font-weight: 600;
+                }
+                Text {
+                    text: "KaSe Controller v0.6.0";
+                    color: Theme.fg-secondary;
+                    font-size: 12px;
+                }
+                Text {
+                    text: "Split keyboard configurator — Slint UI port";
+                    color: Theme.fg-secondary;
+                    font-size: 12px;
+                }
+                Text {
+                    text: "Made with Slint";
+                    color: Theme.accent-purple;
+                    font-size: 11px;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Spacer
+        Rectangle { vertical-stretch: 1; }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ui/tabs/tab_stats.slint b/ui/tabs/tab_stats.slint
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..39e7bdd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ui/tabs/tab_stats.slint
@@ -0,0 +1,332 @@
+import { Button, ScrollView } from "std-widgets.slint";
+import { Theme } from "../theme.slint";
+import { StatsBridge, AppState, ConnectionState } from "../globals.slint";
+
+component BarChart inherits Rectangle {
+    in property <float> value; // 0-100
+    in property <string> label;
+    in property <color> bar-color: Theme.accent-purple;
+    height: 28px;
+
+    HorizontalLayout {
+        spacing: 8px;
+
+        Text {
+            width: 80px;
+            text: root.label;
+            color: Theme.fg-secondary;
+            font-size: 11px;
+            vertical-alignment: center;
+            horizontal-alignment: right;
+        }
+
+        Rectangle {
+            horizontal-stretch: 1;
+            background: Theme.bg-primary;
+            border-radius: 3px;
+
+            Rectangle {
+                x: 0;
+                width: parent.width * clamp(root.value / 100, 0, 1);
+                height: 100%;
+                background: root.bar-color;
+                border-radius: 3px;
+            }
+        }
+
+        Text {
+            width: 50px;
+            text: round(root.value * 10) / 10 + "%";
+            color: Theme.fg-primary;
+            font-size: 11px;
+            vertical-alignment: center;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+export component TabStats inherits Rectangle {
+    background: Theme.bg-primary;
+
+    ScrollView {
+    VerticalLayout {
+        padding: 16px;
+        spacing: 12px;
+
+        // Header
+        HorizontalLayout {
+            spacing: 8px;
+            Text {
+                text: "Typing Statistics";
+                color: Theme.fg-primary;
+                font-size: 20px;
+                font-weight: 700;
+                vertical-alignment: center;
+            }
+            Rectangle { horizontal-stretch: 1; }
+            Button {
+                text: "Refresh";
+                enabled: AppState.connection == ConnectionState.connected;
+                clicked => { StatsBridge.refresh-stats(); }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Content in two columns
+        HorizontalLayout {
+            spacing: 12px;
+            vertical-stretch: 1;
+
+            // Left column
+            VerticalLayout {
+                horizontal-stretch: 1;
+                spacing: 12px;
+
+                // Hand balance
+                Rectangle {
+                    background: Theme.bg-secondary;
+                    border-radius: 8px;
+                    vertical-stretch: 0;
+
+                    VerticalLayout {
+                        padding: 12px;
+                        spacing: 6px;
+
+                        Text {
+                            text: "Hand Balance";
+                            color: Theme.accent-cyan;
+                            font-size: 13px;
+                            font-weight: 600;
+                        }
+
+                        HorizontalLayout {
+                            spacing: 4px;
+                            // Left bar
+                            Rectangle {
+                                horizontal-stretch: StatsBridge.hand-balance.left-pct > 0 ? round(StatsBridge.hand-balance.left-pct) : 1;
+                                height: 24px;
+                                background: Theme.accent-purple;
+                                border-radius: 3px;
+                                Text {
+                                    text: "L " + round(StatsBridge.hand-balance.left-pct) + "%";
+                                    color: Theme.fg-primary;
+                                    font-size: 11px;
+                                    horizontal-alignment: center;
+                                    vertical-alignment: center;
+                                }
+                            }
+                            // Right bar
+                            Rectangle {
+                                horizontal-stretch: StatsBridge.hand-balance.right-pct > 0 ? round(StatsBridge.hand-balance.right-pct) : 1;
+                                height: 24px;
+                                background: Theme.accent-green;
+                                border-radius: 3px;
+                                Text {
+                                    text: "R " + round(StatsBridge.hand-balance.right-pct) + "%";
+                                    color: Theme.bg-primary;
+                                    font-size: 11px;
+                                    horizontal-alignment: center;
+                                    vertical-alignment: center;
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                        Text {
+                            text: "Total: " + StatsBridge.hand-balance.total + " presses";
+                            color: Theme.fg-secondary;
+                            font-size: 11px;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Bigrams
+                if StatsBridge.bigrams.total > 0 : Rectangle {
+                    background: Theme.bg-secondary;
+                    border-radius: 8px;
+                    vertical-stretch: 0;
+
+                    VerticalLayout {
+                        padding: 12px;
+                        spacing: 6px;
+
+                        Text {
+                            text: "Bigram Analysis";
+                            color: Theme.accent-cyan;
+                            font-size: 13px;
+                            font-weight: 600;
+                        }
+
+                        BarChart {
+                            label: "Alt Hand";
+                            value: StatsBridge.bigrams.alt-hand-pct;
+                            bar-color: Theme.accent-green;
+                        }
+                        BarChart {
+                            label: "Same Hand";
+                            value: StatsBridge.bigrams.same-hand-pct;
+                            bar-color: Theme.accent-orange;
+                        }
+                        BarChart {
+                            label: "SFB";
+                            value: StatsBridge.bigrams.sfb-pct;
+                            bar-color: Theme.accent-red;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Finger load
+                Rectangle {
+                    background: Theme.bg-secondary;
+                    border-radius: 8px;
+                    vertical-stretch: 1;
+
+                    VerticalLayout {
+                        padding: 12px;
+                        spacing: 4px;
+
+                        Text {
+                            text: "Finger Load";
+                            color: Theme.accent-cyan;
+                            font-size: 13px;
+                            font-weight: 600;
+                        }
+
+                        for finger in StatsBridge.finger-load : BarChart {
+                            label: finger.name;
+                            value: finger.pct;
+                            bar-color: Theme.accent-orange;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Right column
+            VerticalLayout {
+                horizontal-stretch: 1;
+                spacing: 12px;
+
+                // Row usage
+                Rectangle {
+                    background: Theme.bg-secondary;
+                    border-radius: 8px;
+                    vertical-stretch: 0;
+
+                    VerticalLayout {
+                        padding: 12px;
+                        spacing: 4px;
+
+                        Text {
+                            text: "Row Usage";
+                            color: Theme.accent-cyan;
+                            font-size: 13px;
+                            font-weight: 600;
+                        }
+
+                        for row in StatsBridge.row-usage : BarChart {
+                            label: row.name;
+                            value: row.pct;
+                            bar-color: Theme.accent-green;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Top keys
+                Rectangle {
+                    background: Theme.bg-secondary;
+                    border-radius: 8px;
+                    vertical-stretch: 1;
+
+                    VerticalLayout {
+                        padding: 12px;
+                        spacing: 4px;
+
+                        Text {
+                            text: "Top Keys";
+                            color: Theme.accent-cyan;
+                            font-size: 13px;
+                            font-weight: 600;
+                        }
+
+                        for key in StatsBridge.top-keys : HorizontalLayout {
+                            height: 22px;
+                            spacing: 8px;
+
+                            Text {
+                                width: 80px;
+                                text: key.name;
+                                color: Theme.fg-primary;
+                                font-size: 11px;
+                                vertical-alignment: center;
+                            }
+                            Text {
+                                width: 60px;
+                                text: key.finger;
+                                color: Theme.fg-secondary;
+                                font-size: 10px;
+                                vertical-alignment: center;
+                            }
+                            Rectangle {
+                                horizontal-stretch: 1;
+                                background: Theme.bg-primary;
+                                border-radius: 3px;
+                                Rectangle {
+                                    x: 0;
+                                    width: parent.width * clamp(key.pct / 20, 0, 1);
+                                    height: 100%;
+                                    background: Theme.accent-yellow;
+                                    border-radius: 3px;
+                                }
+                            }
+                            Text {
+                                width: 50px;
+                                text: key.count;
+                                color: Theme.fg-primary;
+                                font-size: 11px;
+                                vertical-alignment: center;
+                                horizontal-alignment: right;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Dead keys
+                if StatsBridge.dead-keys.length > 0 : Rectangle {
+                    background: Theme.bg-secondary;
+                    border-radius: 8px;
+                    vertical-stretch: 0;
+
+                    VerticalLayout {
+                        padding: 12px;
+                        spacing: 4px;
+
+                        Text {
+                            text: "Dead Keys (never pressed)";
+                            color: Theme.accent-red;
+                            font-size: 13px;
+                            font-weight: 600;
+                        }
+
+                        HorizontalLayout {
+                            spacing: 4px;
+
+                            for dk in StatsBridge.dead-keys : Rectangle {
+                                width: self.preferred-width + 12px;
+                                preferred-width: dk-text.preferred-width;
+                                height: 22px;
+                                background: Theme.bg-primary;
+                                border-radius: 3px;
+
+                                dk-text := Text {
+                                    text: dk;
+                                    color: Theme.accent-red;
+                                    font-size: 10px;
+                                    horizontal-alignment: center;
+                                    vertical-alignment: center;
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ui/theme.slint b/ui/theme.slint
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..052c5ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ui/theme.slint
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+// Dracula theme colors (matching the egui version)
+export global Theme {
+    // Backgrounds
+    out property <color> bg-primary: #282a36;
+    out property <color> bg-secondary: #44475a;
+    out property <color> bg-surface: #1e1e2e;
+    // Text
+    out property <color> fg-primary: #f8f8f2;
+    out property <color> fg-secondary: #6272a4;
+    // Accents
+    out property <color> accent-purple: #bd93f9;
+    out property <color> accent-green: #50fa7b;
+    out property <color> accent-cyan: #8be9fd;
+    out property <color> accent-red: #ff5555;
+    out property <color> accent-yellow: #f1fa8c;
+    out property <color> accent-orange: #ffb86c;
+    out property <color> accent-pink: #ff79c6;
+    // UI elements
+    out property <color> connected: #50fa7b;
+    out property <color> disconnected: #ff5555;
+    out property <color> button-bg: #44475a;
+    out property <color> button-hover: #6272a4;
+}